Pamene ikufika nthawi yolima munda wamaluwa, ikhale yotentha kapena yophukira kukumba kapena kuvuta, wamaluwa ambiri amamatira pamutu pawo. Ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta komanso yopanda nthawi popanda kudziwa malamulo ake akhoza kusintha. Makamaka ovuta oyamba kumene kutenga fosholo, ngati chinthu chachilendo. Mwamwayi, pali njira zabwino komanso zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka yomwe idzakuthandizani kuti mukhale osavuta.
Momwe mungakumbire, malangizo
Ambiri amaluwa amalangiza pamene akumba kapena kubzala kuti akumbe mpaka kuya kwa bayonet lonse. Izi zidzathandiza kutembenuzira nthaka yamtunda ndi udzu, mineral ndi feteleza, zomwe zimakhetsedwa pansi, pansi pa fossa.
Mu kugwa, njira yabwino kwambiri ndi njira yopitilira - kukumba nthaka ndi mizere 40 cm kupatula, koma osaposa bayonet. Dera lomwe liyenera kukumbidwa ndilo lingaliro losagawanika mu magawo awiri. Mzere woyamba wa mizere ikukumba, ndiye mzere wachiwiri waikidwa. Motero, zigawo za nthaka zimadzaza ndi mpweya ndi zakudya. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa kuti mukakonze nthaka ndi manyowa kapena kompositi.
Pambuyo pobalalitsa m'munda, funani pansi kuti mugawidwe. "Bedi" la manyowa ndi lothandiza: ikani manyowa pansi pa mzere ndikuwaza ndi nthaka. Ngati dothi la munda wanu likusowa laimu, ndiye kuti siliyenera kusakaniza ndi manyowa - akhoza kulowa mu mankhwala.
Ndikofunikira! Limu ayenera kufalikira pamwamba pa chiwembu, osati kumanda.
Ndi bwino kukumba nthaka, kusunga bayonet pamalo otsika. Izi zidzakulitsa malo osungidwa a nthaka chifukwa cholowa mkati ndikupatulira mawere.
Kodi ndizofunika, ndi nthawi yofukula pansi m'dzinja
Funso limeneli ndi chopunthwitsa kwa wamaluwa ambiri. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti kukumba munda wa masamba mu kugwa sikuli kwanzeru, pamene ena, kutsatira njira zachikhalidwe zachitukuko, amanena kuti izi zidzawonjezera zokolola chaka chamawa. Tidzapereka zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuyankha funso lakuti ngati kukumba nthaka mu kugwa.
Ubwino wa yophukira nthaka kukumba Ndimomwe masamba, nthambi ndi zinthu zina zimamera mumkati mwa nthaka ndi kuvunda m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo mphutsi za tizilombo tina tizilombo timakwera pamwamba pa dziko ndikufa ndi mbalame kapena chisanu cha chisanu. Nthaka imapindula ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachotsedwa ku oksijeni.
Chokhumudwitsa ndichokuti pamene mukumba nthaka, mumabzala njuchi, kuwathandiza kuti azizizira ndi kukwera m'chaka.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene autumn kukumba ndi kofunikira kuti mpandawo ukhalepo.
Monga zimadziwika, zimalimbikitsa kukumba pansi m'dzinja osati kupitirira 10 masentimita, popeza kuti mkati mwake mumalowa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri.
Lingaliro limodzi lokha la kumapeto kwa kugwa sikulipo. Ubwino ndikuti pamwamba pa dziko lapansi sizingafanane ndi nyengo yozizira, ndipo m'chaka chidzatenga nthawi yochepa yokonzekera nthaka yobzala.
Ndikofunikira kukumba nthaka m'dzinja komanso chifukwa chakuti m'nyengo yozizira nthaka imafunika kudyetsedwa. Pamene mvula yoyamba idza, ndichedwa kwambiri kukumba nthaka, mu kugwa nthawi iyi imakhala kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October. Kotero ndi bwino kukhala ndi nthawi pakati pa mwezi uno.
Kodi ndikufunika kukumba chiwembu m'chaka
Mukamakumba munda kumapeto kwa nyengo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti nthaka yakhala yovuta m'nyengo yozizira.
Momwe mungakumbire nthaka m'chaka? Ngati mwakhala mukugwira ntchito m'nthaka, mukumapeto kwa nyengo muyenera kulima nthaka. Motero, malo osungira madzi adzakhala otsala, kuteteza kuyanika kwa dothi la pamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Kukumba pansi pamasika sikuyenera kukhala zakuya, mafosholo khumi ndi awiri.
Kukumba pang'ono kukuthandizani kusunga zinthu mu nthaka yomwe munayika mmenemo mu kugwa. Manyowa onse, feteleza, kompositi idzakhala maziko abwino kwambiri okolola. Kulemera kwa nthaka, monga momwe kumadziwira, kumalimbikitsa kumera mwakuya kwa mbewu ndi kusungidwa kwawo ngati kuli chisanu.
Mukudziwa? M'chaka, palibe chifukwa chofuna kukonza chiwembu chonse: ndi bwino kusiya njira, kenako namsongole adzakhumudwitsa pang'ono.
Chomwe chiri chokha, ndi momwe mungachichotsere icho
Chokhacho ndi malo osanjikizika a dziko lapansi, omwe amachokera ku kukumba kwa munda wa ndiwo zamasamba mozama.
Kutuluka kwa nthaka kumadalira dothi lolemera (sod-podzolic, dongo) ndi mvula. Zimalimbikitsidwa zaka 4-6 kuti mupange dera lachiwiri.
Ndikofunikira! Musamazunze bunk kukumba. Zinthu zopindulitsa zimatha.
Chokhacho chimalepheretsa kukula kwa ambiri mizu zomera: udzu winawake, kaloti, beets, anyezi, parsley, ndi zina, ndipo zimasokoneza mizu yawo.
Ngati chokhacho chikuphatikizidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti pali madzi ochulukirapo, omwe amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chikhalepo, zomwe zimakhudza chitukuko cha ndiwo zamasamba.
Chotsani chingwecho chingathandize bunk kukumba munda. Ndibwino kuti tigwiritse ntchito kugwa kuti microflora yothandiza ikhalepo m'nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yamasika. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba mzerewo mpaka m'katikati mwa bayonet yanu ndikuponyera pansi ndi mafoloko a munda. Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko lapansi pamphepete mwa mzerewo liyenera kumasulidwa. Mutatha kupanga manyowa kapena manyowa. Chifukwa cha kukumba kotero, mchere wandiweyani wawonjezeka, ndipo nthaka ikudzaza ndi oxygen, yofunika kuti pakhale chithandizo cha zinthu zothandiza, ndipo katundu wake ndi thupi ndi bwino.
Mukudziwa? Pamene bunk kukumba, nthaka yosanjikiza ya nthaka yachonde siichotsedwa.
Kodi kukumba namwali nthaka
Tselina ndi dziko lomwe silinagwiritsidwe ntchito, sililimidwa ndi wina aliyense, ndipo, mbali imodzi, ndilowopsa.
Ngati muli ndi malo otere, ndiye ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chochikonzera ndikukhalanso okhutira ndi chikhalidwe ndi thupi kuchokera ku zotsatira. Mukangotenga mphamvu, zipangizo ndi kudzoza, mungathe kupitiliza. Koma zindikirani kuti uwu ndi ntchito yovuta ndi mayesero.
Ndikofunikira! Mukasankha malo, muyenera kutsimikiza kuti pali zinthu zoyandikana ndipafupi: madzi, sitolo, gasi, misewu.
N'zotheka kuyendetsa nthaka ya namwali mothandizidwa ndi sayansi, ndipo mosiyana (zimadalira thanzi lanu). Njira yogwiritsira ntchitoyi ndi yophweka, koma musanayambe kuganiza kuti, popanda tekitala, musatenge nthaka ya namwali, ganizirani za mikono ndi miyendo yanu. Chida chodabwitsa, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, chaulere, kuti agonjetse nthaka ya namwali.
Kugwiritsa ntchito buku ndizovuta komanso nthawi yambiri. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha nthawi yoyenera. Pakuti ntchito imeneyi ndi yabwino nthawi yophukira kukumba. Popeza mukufunika kuchotsa malo anu omwe simunamalize namsongole kuti musamalire dothi laling'ono, yambani posankha mvula yamagetsi. Mukhoza kutenga nthawi zonse, koma nthawi ya ntchito idzawonjezeka.
Ndikofunikira! Kudyetsa udzu ndi namsongole pa nthaka ya namwali iyeneranso kuchitidwa musanapangidwe.
Mudzafunanso fosholo. Ndi bwino kukumba dothi laling'ono m'magawo, ndikuligawa pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi. Muyenera kukumba mozama pafupifupi masentimita 15. Siyani malo okumbidwa kwa kanthawi kuti muume. Ndiye mukuyenera kuyenda pa iyo ndi foloki ndikupukuta dziko lapansi.
Pamene mukumba nthaka yamwali, nkofunika kukhala woleza mtima, chifukwa chakuti chinthu choterocho, chifukwa cha zovuta zake, nthawi zambiri chimasiyidwa.
Kodi n'zotheka kuyambitsa njira yokumba
Kuti mupulumutse nthawi ndi khama, m'pofunika kusintha ndondomeko ya kukumba.
Choyamba, muyenera kusankha fosholo yoyenera. Mankhwala ake ayenera kukhala amphamvu, ofewa komanso opukutira mokwanira. Izi zidzakutetezani kuwonongeka kwa kanjedza ndi kuwonongeka kosayembekezereka. Mbali ya bayonet iyenera kukonzedwa bwino - ndiye njirayo idzafulumira.
Muyeneranso kudziletsa kuvulala (kusakanizidwa, kuyimitsa). Magulu a ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi kanjedza, ndipo dzanja silingagwire ntchito yosalala. Mawotche amasankha mtundu wotsekedwa ndi chowopsa chokha, chifukwa pamene uli wopyapyala, zimakhala zowawa kupondaponda phazi pa fosholo.
Popeza n'zotheka kuti zikhale zosavuta kukumba munda wa ndiwo zamasamba m'njira zosiyanasiyana, tiyeni tiyambe ndi chinthu chophweka - momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito chida.
Fosholo iyenera kuikidwa pamtunda, bayonet pansi. Ndi phazi lanu, yesani pa thiresi ya fosholo, mutagwira mwamphamvu ndi manja onse awiri. Bayonet ya fosholo iyenera kuikidwa ku kuya kofunikira kwa mtundu wa kukumba - mpaka kutalika kapena hafu. Mgugu wothandizira ukhoza kusankhidwa mwanzeru. Kawirikawiri ogwira ntchito molondola amagwiritsa ntchito dzanja lamanja ndi lamanzere, motero, anasiya.
Malinga ndi malamulowa, fosholo ndi bayonet ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi nthaka, popeza muli ndi chilakolako simungakhoze kukumba pansi. Kukumba mlingo ndi bwino kukhala ndi sing'anga.
Kukonzekera ndikugwiritsanso ntchito nthaka kumakhala kovuta, koma, potsata malangizo ophweka ndi othandiza, muzitha kuchepetsa ntchitoyi pachaka. Musawope kuyesa - kuyendetsa bwino kumapangidwira zambiri pazochitikira ndi maonekedwe anu, m'malo mwa zikhalidwe ndi malamulo.
