Ngati violet imodzi imapezeka m'nyumba mwako, konzekerani kuti idzawonetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Koma kuthamanga pang'ono, tikufuna kunena kuti njira yayikulu yotetezera izi ndizochitetezo nthawi zonse. Choncho, kupeza chomera chatsopano, chiyenera kuchitidwa mosiyana ndi zomera zina ndikuonetsetsa kuti chikhalidwe chake chili bwino. Chotsatira, tidzakambirana za matenda omwe amafala kwambiri ndi mavitamini omwe amakhudza iwo.
Matenda aakulu a violets ndi njira zothandizira
Matenda okhudzana ndi violets amasiyana kwambiri kuti alimi a maluwa samvetsa nthawi zonse chifukwa cha imfa ya zomera zawo. Mizu ikuvunda, maluwa ndi masamba akutha, koma bwanji? Kuthirira kolakwika? Kodi maluwawo anapeza kuwala kochepa kapena kocheperapo? Kuti mupeze yankho la mafunsowa ndikuletsa zotsatira zosafunika, muyenera kudziwa matenda akuluakulu a violets ndikuyenera kuchiza maluwa. Kusamalira bwino kudzakuthandizani kupewa zovuta izi.
Mukudziwa? Goethe adalimbikitsa violets. Pamene amayenda m'midzi, anabalalitsa mbewu zawo. Posakhalitsa malo onse a Weimar anadzazidwa ndi maluwa awa. Iwo akukulabe mmenemo, ndipo mwa kulemekeza kukumbukira kwa classic yayikulu iwo amatchedwa "Goethe's violets."
Fusarium
Matendawa amachititsa kuvunda kwa violet rosette. Chifukwa chachikulu cha matendawa chiri mu chisamaliro chosayenera cha mbewu. Motero, bowa "Fusarium" limalowetsa mizu ya violet. Chifukwa chaichi, kuphulika kwa maluwa kumayamba. Mapesi amatembenukira bulauni ndi kugwa, ndipo mizu imakhala mdima ndipo sungakhoze kubzala mbewu m'nthaka.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani posamalira violets? Pali mayankho angapo:
- Kuthirira nthawi zambiri.
- Lolani kulemera kwa nthaka m'malo mwa kukula kwa violets.
- Bzalani chomera mu mphika waukulu kwambiri.
- Lolani kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha m'chipinda ndi violet.
- Thirani madzi oundana.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa
Matendawa ndi owopsa ndipo amapezeka chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi. Amalowa mu violet kudzera mu microcracks m'ma masamba komanso kudzera mu mizu. Zotsatira zake, mutu wa mizu umayamba kuvunda mwamsanga. Matendawa amadziwoneka ngati mawanga ofiira pa masamba a zomera. Fungal spores ikhoza kukhala padziko lapansi kwa nthawi yayitali, choncho imodzi mwazigawo zowonongeka ndizokhazikika pamphuno. Kuchiza, tsoka, pakali pano sizingathandize ndipo chomera chiyenera kuwonongedwa. Monga njira yothandizira, m'pofunikira kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe chinyezi mu chipinda ndi manyowa senpoly ndi superphosphates.
Mame a Mealy
Ngati nyemba zoyera zimawoneka pamasamba a violet, ndipo chomeracho chikuwoneka ngati chakuda pang'onopang'ono, ndiye powdery mildew anawomba. Ziwombankhanga zapakhomo zimayambitsa matendawa. Mawanga oyera amakhudza mapesi a maluwa. Tiyeni tiyankhule za zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa ayambe:
- Chomeracho sichilandira kuwala kokwanira.
- Chinyezi cham'kati chimadutsa 60%.
- Mlengalenga ndi kuzizira kwambiri.
- Kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa zomera zomwezo komanso mphika umene ulipo.
- Dothi losowa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, koma ndi owonjezera nayitrogeni.
- Masamba obiriwira ayenera kupukutidwa nthawi zina ndi nsalu yonyowa.
- Chipinda chiyenera kukhala choyera komanso chabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Kusamalira koteroko n'kofunikira osati pa nthawi pamene Saintpaulia anawonekera panyumba panu. Matenda a zomera ndi mtundu wa nkhaŵa kuti malo obisalamo ndi owopsa kwa anthu. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa ana.
Ngati mudakali ndi choyera choyera pa violets, muyenera kudziwa za njira zamankhwala. Ndipotu, zonse n'zosavuta. Iyenera kukhala kamodzi yopukutidwa ndi duwa ndi bonat kapena maziko. Zotsatira za mankhwala sizingatheke kuonekera - nthawi zina muyenera kuyembekezera. Pakapita sabata ndi theka, bwerezani ndondomekoyi. Pambuyo pokonzanso chikhalidwe cha zomera zimatsatira zowononga zonse. Kuthira kwa violets kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi madzi, kutentha kumene kuli kochepa kuposa kutentha kwa firiji.
Kutupa
Mazira amtundu wambiri amatha kutuluka ndi matenda ndi dzimbiri.
Ndikofunikira! Sitiyenera kusokonezeka ndi calcite yotentha, yomwe ikuwoneka ngati dzimbiri pamatope ndi nthaka.Mliriwu, mbali ya pamwamba ya tsamba ili ndi ziboliboli zazing'ono, ndipo mbali ya pansiyi ili ndi mapepala a bulauni. Zotsatira zake, zimatha, kumasula spores wa bowa. Mutatha kuyanjana ndi tizilombo, masamba amafa ndikugwa. Nkhumba zimakhala zokhazokha pazomwe zimakhalapo, ndi kuti zipitirire kuwonjezeka kwa bowa kuti zisawonongeke. Ndipotu, matendawa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi zomera zina zambiri, ndipo violets amavutika nawo kawirikawiri.
Kutentha, koyenera kufalikira kwa bowa, kumakhala madigiri 10-20 Celsius. Mpweya ukhoza kuchiritsidwa mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides, gawo limodzi la mankhwala a Bordeaux osakaniza, kapena fumbi la sulfure.
Grey kuvunda
Dzina loyenera la matenda awa ndi botrytis. Amayambitsa imvi m'madera onse a chomeracho, kuchititsa nsalu ya violet kuola. Mwatsoka, matendawa ndi ofala ndipo akukula mwamsanga. Anadabwa violet akufa mwamsanga.
Nkhumba zimalowetsa mbewu kumtunda wakale. Choncho, kuti mutsimikizidwe, nthaka imayenera kupitsidwanso ndikusankhidwa ndi yankho la manganese. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi fungicides. Mbali zovunda ziyenera kutayidwa kunja pamodzi ndi dothi la earthy. Njira zothandizira ndikuteteza kusintha kwadzidzidzi komanso kutentha kwadzidzidzi komanso kuchepetsa ulimi wothirira.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti kumwa madzi osayenera ndizomwe zimayambitsa vuto la botrytis komanso la matenda ena.
Vascular bacteriosis
Matendawa amadziwonekera, nthawi zambiri nthawi yotentha. Masamba a m'munsi a violets akuyenera kuti akuphimbidwa ndi ntchentche ndipo posachedwa amafa. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi basezol, zircon, prequickur ndi immunocytophyte. M'pofunikiranso kutenthetsa mpweya komanso kusintha mpweya wabwino m'chipindamo.
Mukudziwa? Violets akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa perfumery. Ku Parma, ku Italy, zonunkhira "Vera Violetta" zimagulitsidwa. Zimapangidwa malinga ndi maphikidwe akale, omwe ali pafupi zaka zana limodzi ndi theka, kuchokera ku Parma violets.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda violets: zizindikiro ndi mankhwala
Saintpaulias sikuti amangotenga matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso tizilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "amawala" ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, pamene kulimbana kwawo, kumadalira kwambiri njira zothandizira mankhwala ndi kukonzekera kwapadera. Dziwani kuti njira zothandizira zowononga, mu nkhaniyi, ndizofunikira. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mungachepetse chiopsezo chomenya maluwa osachepera. Kenaka tidzakambirana za momwe processing of violets kuchokera tizirombo kwambiri.
Pliers
Violets akhoza kumenyedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhupakupa:
- Mtsuko wamagazi wofiira. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimadzaza ndi madontho ofiira ndi mabubu. Masamba kupopera ndi kufa.
- Nkhumba yamagulu. Masamba ophimbidwa ndi zofiira zakuda.
- Cyclamen tick. Kumenyana ndi wamng'ono kwambiri kumakhala pakati pa rosette. Chifukwa chake, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo ndipo amapezeka ndi mawanga achikasu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati sikutheka kuti mudziwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, titsanulirani pansi pa violet "Aktellik" kapena "Fitoverm". Ichi ndi njira yothetsera vuto lonse la zilonda.
Kupuma
Thrips - nkhumba zazing'ono "zouluka" zowonongeka kwa zomera zamkati. Ali ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri ndipo amadya masamba. Kuwathandiza kwawo kungadziŵike ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi kumeta masamba ndi maluwa. Mabala a Brown kapena wakuda amawonekeranso. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa osati kokha ndi zokonzekera "Fitoverm", "Aktellik" kapena "Aktar", komanso kudzera mwachindunji chanu - kusonkhanitsa tizilombo.
Mukudziwa? M'mayiko omwe amapangidwa ndi zinc deposits, ma violets ambiri amakula. Iwo ndi akatswiri a geologist a maluwa a maluwa.
Nematodes
Izi ndi mphutsi zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka. Amayambitsa mizu ya mbewu, kuyamwa timadziti timene timakhala ndi thanzi labwino. Mofananamo, iwo amapanga mankhwala owopsa ndi mawonekedwe owopsa otchedwa galls.
Poyamba, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizimawoneka. Pokhapokha mutayikanso ma violets, mungathe kudziwa kugonjetsedwa (kokwanira kuyang'ana mizu). Powonjezereka kwa masamba a nematodes, masambawo ali ndi mawanga obiriwira, omwe, motero, amdima ndi kuvunda. Mfundo ya kukula kwa violet dries ndi masamba opunduka amachokera kwa izo. Violets omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nematodes amakula bwino, amalephera, sapereka maluwa, tsinde limapotoka pang'onopang'ono ndikufa. Bweretsani maatodes pafupifupi zopanda pake. Choncho, duwa limodzi ndi primer liyenera kuponyedwa kunja, ndipo mphika uyenera kukonzedwa bwinobwino.
Mealybug
Kawirikawiri, chomeracho n'chopunduka ndipo chimaphimbidwa ndi mabala ofiira ofiira. Masamba a masamba ndi ana a peduncles awonongeka. Chowopsa cha matenda amenewa ndi violet mealybug. Amachokera ku zomera zina zomwe zimadwalitsidwa. Kuti mudziwe matendawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi zophweka ndi fungo. Pakuika nthaka idzatulutsa bowa wosasangalatsa. Kuyang'anitsitsa, mukhoza kuwona mphutsi yokha, yomwe imakhala yoyera.
Kuchiza wodwalayo Violet amathandiza mankhwala "Aktar", "Aktellik", "Fitoverm". Mukhozanso kuthetsa vutoli poika chomera mu nthaka yatsopano ndikuchotsa mosamala zitsamba zakale.
Aphid
Nsabwe za m'masamba pa violets zimakhudza mapesi a maluwa, masamba ndi maluwa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono timayamwa kuchokera ku zomera. Pambuyo pake, masamba a violets ali opunduka ndipo amatha. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala zochuluka, zimakhala zofiira zoyera pamasamba. Kutenga chomera "Chiwombankhanga" kapena "Aktellikom."
Mokritsy
Woodlice ndi amtundu waung'ono wa nthaka. Amawoneka ngati ang'onoang'ono armadillos. Makhalidwe abwino pa kubereka kwawo ndipamwamba kwambiri chinyezi ndi nthaka yovunda. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayambitsa mizu ndi masamba pa violets. Zoopsa kwambiri akadali achinyamata zomera. Chiwerengero china cha nkhuni chimakhala m'nyumba zomwe zinyontho zimakhalapo. Acaricides (ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu ndikutsanulira gawo lapansi mu nthaka).
Mukudziwa? Violets kwa Aroma anali ngati nkhope zochepa. Malinga ndi nthano, milungu idawalanga anthu chifukwa cha chidwi chawo asanayambe kusamba Venus, ndipo adawapanga kukhala zomera.
Ntchentche ndi udzudzu
Sciarides imawoneka mumadzi ambiri ndi nthaka yovunda. Akuluakulu samavulaza mavulo, mosiyana ndi mphutsi zawo. Amafulumira kuwononga gawolo, kuwononga mizu, kuchepetsa mpweya wa oxygen kwa iwo ndikuphwanya kwambiri nthaka. Zoopsa ndi achinyamata osalimba maluwa.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timayambitsa tsinde ndi mizu. Amatsukidwa ndi yankho la Karbofos lomwe linatayika m'nthaka. Kuphatikiza apo, pamphepete mwa mphika akhoza kudzozedwa ndi ntchentche zing'onozing'ono, ndipo dothi la pamwamba likhoza kukhala phulusa ndi zinyenyeswazi. Akuluakulu amaonongeka ndi mtundu uliwonse wa magetsi a Reid ndi Dichlorvos. Mukhozanso kutsegula tepi kuchokera ku ntchentche.
Ngati zowonongeka kwambiri za nthaka m'phika, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu. Wokonzeka dothi calcined mu uvuni. Izi zitha kupha mbewu zowonongeka, zomwe zimakopa ntchentche ndi udzudzu. Yesetsani kuti musamatsitsirenso nthaka.
Shchitovka ndi chishango chonyenga
Chishango ndi chishango chonyenga zili pazitsulo zofiira, pamasamba ake kapena pa petioles. Tizilombo timatha masentimita asanu m'litali ndikuwoneka ngati zikopa zofiira. Mukhoza kudziwa ntchito yawo yovulaza ndi zowonongeka pa zomera ndi zomwe akupeza. Ngati pali munthu mmodzi wamkulu pa violet, zikutanthawuza kuti muyenera kusamalira zozungulira zonsezi. Shchitovki amanyamula pansi pa zida zawo ana ambiri, omwe amasuntha mosavuta ndi kupezeka. Pofuna kuchiza chomeracho muyenera kusindikiza.
Miyendo
Amakhala pansi pamtunda, amakonda dampness ndipo amavomereza mwachangu. Mitundu ya violets imakhala yosavulaza, koma ndi chiwerengero cha anthu, mizu yaying'ono ya maluwa ingawonongeke. Pochotsa iwo, dothi liyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala a pyrethrum, ndipo nthaka iyenera kukhala yowuma bwino.
Kuteteza violets ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Pochepetsa kuchepa kwa mbeu yanu, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Violet yatsopanoyo iyenera kusungidwa kwaokha kwa mwezi umodzi.
- Musagule zipangizo zobzala pambuyo pa zomera zokayikitsa.
- Ngati muli ndi malingaliro onena za maluwa omwe anagulidwa, perekani ndi "Fitoverm" ndi madzi mlungu uliwonse kwa Fitosporina-M kwa mwezi. Izi ndi mankhwala odziteteza okha.
- Nthawi zonse perekani nthaka kusakaniza mutabzala.
- Malo okhala malo obiriwira, mabedi a maluwa ndi greenhouses angadetsedwe. Ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito. Kututa nthaka m'nkhalango, kutali ndi malire a mzinda.
- Sungunulani bwino ndi kuthirira miphika.
- Musawonetsere chomeracho kutsika kutentha.
- Musadutse kapena kutsanulira violets. Apatseni kuwala kokwanira, mwinamwake mudzawafooketsa.
Mukudziwa? Fungo la violets ndi chida chodabwitsa, kupumula thupi, kulimbikitsa moyo ndi kulimbikitsa mzimu. Kuwombera ziwombankhanga, mukhoza kubwezeretsa mabatire anu ndi chiyembekezo ndi mphamvu yakuchiritsa.
