Camellia ndi chomera chobiriwira cha banja la Tea. Mitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi "Camellia sinensis", tiyi amapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba. Mitundu yambiri ya camellia yapeza ntchito yokongoletsa maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Camellia imatchedwanso ku Japan.
Mitundu ya camellia Chipinda cha Camellia ndi mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi mthunzi kapena shrub, womwe uli pafupi ndi maluwa. Awonetsa masamba owala a mdima wobiriwira. Dzuŵa, masamba a camellia amawala ngati sunbeams.
Ndikofunikira! Gwiritsani mosamala masamba a chomera: ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo mukhoza kudzidula.
Nyumba za ku Japan izi maluwa zimagawidwa mu mitundu yotsatirayi:
Phiri la Camellia. Malo amtundu uwu wa camellia amaonedwa kuti Fr. Okinawa. Zitsamba za mitundu iyi zimakula kufika mamita asanu mu msinkhu. Pa woonda nthambi zili mphukira pubescent ndi wofiira tsitsi. Masambawo amakhala olemera masentimita atatu ndipo amafika masentimita 7 m'litali. Masamba ali opangidwa ndi elliptical kapena oblong-ovate mawonekedwe, pansi pamtundu ndi wa pubescent pang'ono, pamwamba ndi glossy, green green. Maluwa 7 masentimita mu kukula amakhala ndi fungo lamatsenga, kukula ndi zidutswa 2-3 za pinki, zoyera kapena zofiira. Zomerazi zimakula bwino m'nyumba zowonongeka. Amamera kwambiri kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa November mpaka kumapeto kwa January.
Camellia waku Japan. Mitundu imeneyi imafalikira m'mapiri a Korea ndi Japan. Zitsamba ndi mitengo ya camellia ya Japan imakula kufika mamita 15 mu msinkhu. Pojambula pamwamba ndikukwera pamphepete mwawo, masamba a kamdima wamdima wonyezimira amakhala okonzeka kukhudza ndi pang'ono. Maonekedwe amafanana ndi dzira kapena ellipse. Maluwa 4 masentimita m'litali amakula onse awiri okha komanso awiri awiri. Mtundu wa duwa ndi wofiira, woyera kapena wofiira, palinso masamba osiyana siyana. Kawirikawiri imamasula kuchokera ku December mpaka April. Kunyumba, amakonda malo atsopano, ozizira pang'ono.
Camellia wa Chitchaina. Malo okula - mapiri, mapiri ndi nkhalango za ku China. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu kukufikira mamita 155. Masambawo ndi aakulu masentimita 4 ndi 10 cm yaitali, ovate ndi elliptical mawonekedwe. Masamba aang'ono amakhala pachimake cha tsitsi loyera, masamba akale amawonekera. Ngamila ya Chitchaina imakonda zipinda zozizira.
Kusamalira kwambili camellia kunyumba
Camellia amafunikira kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Izi zidzalola kuti liphuke nthawi yaitali ndikukondweretsa diso ndi kukongola kwake.
Malo abwino ndi kuunikira
Camellia imaonedwa ngati chomera chokondetsa, ndibwino kuyika izo pazenera kumadzulo kapena kutuluka kumwera. Pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi bwino kuti musasunthire mphika ndi duwa, ndibwino kuti poyamba mumusankhe malo omwe adzakhala nawo nthawi zonse.
Mukudziwa? Phiri la Camellia limalekerera kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo anthu a ku Japan amakonda mthunzi.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi
Maluwawo ndi ofunika kwambiri polemba ndipo amakhudzidwa bwino ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, camellia iyenera kukhala yowonongeka ndi yosungunuka, koma kutentha kumakhala pafupi 12 ° C, chifukwa kutentha kwapamwamba kumawononga mitundu iyi.
Camellia amakonda mpweya wonyezimira. Zidzakhala bwino kuyika chidebe ndi madzi pafupi ndi chomera. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse uziwaza masamba ndi madzi ozizira, koma madzi sayenera kugwera pa masamba ndi maluwa a zomera, izi zidzatsogolera kugwa kwa maluwa ndi maluwa ovunda.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthaka
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yochuluka. Pofuna kukwaniritsa asidi oyenera, nthaka yowonongeka ya nthaka iyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka: singano zapaini, perlite, makungwa a pine; Kupatulapo, chifukwa cha kukula kwa camellia, ngalande m'nthaka ndi yofunikira. Mukhoza kukulitsa nthaka mwa kuwonjezera madzi a mandimu, oxalic acid ndi citric asidi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala komanso yowonongeka, izi zidzathandiza kupeŵa madzi ochulukirapo. Mukhoza kugula nthaka yokonzeka pokhazikika pa peat, izi zikugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa rhododendrons, azaleas, ndi zina zotero.
M'chilimwe Nthawi zambiri maluwa ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi opatulidwa kapena osankhidwa pa firiji. M'nyengo yozizira muyenera kumwa madzi pang'ono. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chomeracho sichiuma, koma sichimatha. Pamene maluwa amapangidwa, m'pofunika kuti nthaka ya camellia ikhale youma pang'ono.
M'chaka, pamene mphukira zoyamba zimayamba kuonekera, muyenera kuthira manyowa a camellia. Kwa feteleza, zovuta zowonongeka kapena feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mmaluwa. Kuponyera feteleza m'madzi, kuchepetsa mlingo kawiri kuchokera pa zomwe zasonyezedwa pa phukusi. Simukusowa kudyetsa maluwa nthawi zambiri, ndipo ngati kuvala pamwamba kuli pamwamba, ndiye kuti camellia akhoza kufa. Kumapeto kwa August, feteleza ziyenera kuimitsidwa, chifukwa panthawiyi masamba akuyikidwa.
Kudulira ndi kuyika camellia korona
Dulani camellia musanayambe kuikamo, kuti mizu ya maluwa yophika idzadyetse zomera zokha. Camellia imadulidwa pambuyo maluwa, chisanafike kasupe kukula. Kawirikawiri, ndizozoloŵera kudula gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthambi kamodzi pazaka zingapo, koma ngati pali chikhumbo, mukhoza kudula 2/3 mwakamodzi.
Kuwonjezera apo, mdulidwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ukhale wofewa korona ndikuthandizira kukula kwa impso. Chifukwa cha mdulidwe, mutha kuyendetsa maluwa. Camellia yamapiri ikhoza kudulidwa mopanda mantha, koma kamera kamera kamayenera kudula mokoma.
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yomwe ingabweretse duwa
Kawirikawiri ndi kofunika kuti ndikasendeze zomera zachinyamata, maluwa akuluakulu amaikidwa limodzi kamodzi zaka zinayi. Ndipotu, camellia siidasindikizidwa, koma kwenikweni imasamutsidwa mu mphika watsopano. Miphika ya camellia imafunika kwambiri. Kuwombera kumachitika mosamala kwambiri, ndikofunika kuti asawononge mizu ya maluwa. Msosi, womwe uli pakati pa mizu ndi tsinde la chomera, sayenera kutsukidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Ndikofunika kubzala duwa mutatha maluwa. Nthawi yoyamba mutatha kuika maluwa ayenera kupopedwa tsiku lililonse.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi zina zimalimbikitsa kubzala maluwa nthawi yomwe camellia imamasula, koma pakadali pano n'zotheka kuvulaza maluwa.
Njira zoberekera za camellia
Kukula ndi kusamalira ngamila mumphika kumayamba ndi kufalitsa kwa mbewu. Pali njira ziwiri zofalitsira makhamera:
Mbewu
Kufalitsa mbewu ndi njira yofala kwambiri. Mbeu zatsopano zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa zimataya "kumera" mwamsanga chifukwa zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Mbewu zafesedwa mchenga ndi peat (1: 1). Ngati mukukwera kutentha kwa 21 ° C, kukula kwa mbande kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti kukula kwawo kumatenga masabata 2-3 mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ngati pali masamba awiri pa mphukira, zimamera limodzi ndi miphika yomwe ili ndi masentimita 10.
Maluwa amamera amakula msanga ndipo mosavuta amasintha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovuta. Mitundu ina ya camellia ikhoza kuphuka m'chaka chachitatu mutabzala.
Ndikofunikira!Kawirikawiri camellia imamasula pambuyo pa zaka 6 za kukula..
Cuttings
Njira ina yoberekera Camellia - kubzala zipatso. Tiyeni tiwone momwe angamere bwino camellia ndi cuttings. The cuttings, yakucha mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, adadulidwa ndi anayi masamba opangidwa. Amafunika kuti abzalidwe mwamsanga mumchenga kapena kusakaniza malo ndi mchenga (1: 1). Nsonga ya kudula imayikidwa mu phytohormone ndikuyesera kutsimikizira kuti kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthaka yochepa. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka kudula kumayamba miyezi iwiri. Kwa kubalana, muyenera kutenga wamkulu cuttings - achinyamata mphukira si abwino.
Kuti maluwawo afalikire mofulumira, graft imathandizidwa pa zomera zomwe zachokera ku mbewu. Zomera zazitsamba za masabata atatu isanayambe nyengo yolima nyengo. Zotsatirazi zimamera mochuluka madzi, ndiye muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira, zidzakuthandizani kucha kwa nkhuni.
Zovuta za kulima, matenda otheka ndi tizirombo
Kudziwa momwe mungasamalire ngamila, musakhale ndi mavuto akukula. Makamaka chifukwa Kusamalira maluwa si kovuta, ngakhale camellia imafuna chipiriro ndi chidwi. Mphoto idzakupatsani inu maluwa okongola ndi okongola.
Camellia imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo tina. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal, mawanga wakuda ndi imvi amawonekera pamakhala. Pofuna chithandizo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides, ngakhale kuti ndibwino kutaya chomera.
Maluwawo amawoneka kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mitsempha ya masamba imatuluka chikasu.
Zovulaza zambiri zimabweretsa nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zofiira. Kudyetsa madzi a masamba, amamwetsa pedi, yomwe imabweretsa bowa wakuda. Pofuna kuchotsa tizirombozi, maluwawo amachiritsidwa ndi swab ya thonje yotsekedwa mu mowa kapena tizilombo.
Vuto lalikulu la Camellia ndi scosar imodzi. Mphutsi zake zimawononga mizu ya chomera, ndipo kale kakang'ono kafadala amawononga mizu ya mizu, chifukwa maluwawo amafa. Kuti mubwezeretse mliriwu, gwiritsani ntchito yankho la mankhwala omwe ali ofanana - muyenera kudyetsa nthaka.
Tsopano mumadziwa kukula kamera. Samalani bwino kumbuyo kwa maluwa ndipo iye adzakondweretsa iwe kwa nthawi yaitali pachimake.
