Ma currants amapezeka pafupifupi munda uliwonse, chifukwa ndi mabulosi otchuka kwambiri. Mtundu wakuda wakuda ndiwo wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa ena onse (wofiira ndi golide). Black currant imakhala ndi mavitamini ochulukirapo ndipo imapitirira ma strawberries ndi maulendo asanu, mavitamini ndi mapeyala nthawi khumi, ndi mphesa pafupifupi nthawi 100.
Zakudya zambiri za vitamini C mu black currants zimapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwa zipatso zothandiza kwambiri. Komanso, Black currant zipatso zimateteza vitamini C ngakhale pamene zasinthidwa. Mukhoza kuwaundana, finyani madzi kuchokera kwa iwo, kupanga kupanikizana, pogaya ndi shuga, ndi zina zotero.
Motero, currant yakuda yakhala imodzi mwa zipatso zofunidwa kwambiri ndipo ndi yotchuka. Koma kuti muzitsatira bwino currant baka wanu chiwembu ndi kuyembekezera zipatso, kuonjezera zokolola za black currants kuchokera kuthengo, muyenera kudziwa malamulo kubzala ndi kusamalira izo.
Mukudziwa? M'dziko lathu, currants yakuda idayamba kukula m'zaka za zana la XI ngati chomera chokongola. Kumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapakati pazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi, iwo anamvetsera za mankhwala a zipatso, ndipo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi za currant kuti tiyi.
Yabwino mitundu ya currants wakuda
Kuti musankhe mitundu yabwino ya black currant, muyenera kuganizira mbali zake:
- mawu opatsa zipatso;
- Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo;
- momwe zimapirire chisanu ndi matalala.
Ndi bwino kusankha currants, ndikuyang'ana dera limene mukukhala. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya currants:
- Pearl - Oyambirira currant wakuda. Mitengo imakhala ndi masamba ambiri. Zipatso ndi zazikulu komanso zokoma. Kulimbana ndi chisanu ndi chilala, tizirombo ndi matenda. Kusamala mwatcheru.
- Sophia - currant oyambirira. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu, zoboola pakati, khungu ndi laliwisi ndi lowala. Musapunuke mutatha kucha. Pakatikati mwa mabulosi muli wobiriwira, kukoma kwake ndi kokoma ndi kowawasa. Kulimbana ndi chilala, tizirombo ndi matenda.
- Chaka cha Copan - kalasi ya mid-season ya blackcurrant. Mitengo imakhala yochepa, imathamanga. Zipatsozo zimakhala kuzungulira nthawi yomweyo. Kukoma ndi kokoma ndi kowawa, kusungidwa kwautali. Chitsamba chimagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira ndi chilala. Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a chilimwe.
- Pygmy - pakatikati nyengo nyengo zosiyanasiyana dessert wakuda currant. Zipatso ndi zazikulu komanso zokoma. Zimasiyana chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kusamalidwa kwina. Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.
- Kukongola kwa Lviv - mochedwa black currant. Mitengo yonse, imathamanga kwambiri. Zipatsozo ndizochepa, zowala ndi zokoma zokoma. Zosangalatsa kwambiri.
- Wolimba - kutsiriza mofulumira. Zipatso ndi zazikulu komanso zamchere. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafuna kusamalidwa komanso fetereza. Kawirikawiri amalekerera kusintha kwa nyengo.
- Munthu waulesi - nthawi ya kucha. Zimayang'ana mdima wobiriwira, waukulu. Kukonzekera kuli kochepa, koma kukhoza kuwonjezeka mothandizidwa ndi kuyendetsa mungu.
- Chisomo - kalasi yoyambirira ya currant. Zipatso zopanda khungu, zokoma. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, matenda ndi tizirombo. Zipatso zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Dar Smolyaninova - oyambirira osiyanasiyana. Mitengo imakhala yambiri, yandiweyani. Masambawa ndi aakulu, atakwinya. Zipatso zimakwanira 2.8-5 g Kukaniza matenda (impso mite, powdery mildew, etc.). Zokolola za black currant ndi chitsamba ndi 2 kg ndi zina.
Onse currant wakuda pali mitundu yoposa 15. Aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe ake omwe.
Ndikofunikira! Posankha, m'pofunika kuganizira mawu opsa, kulawa, khungu, kukana ndi kulandira kusintha kwa nyengo, matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kuyala currant yakuda
Black currant amapereka zokolola za zaka 12-15. Ali ndi zokolola zopindulitsa kwa zaka 6 kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Ndi bwino kubzala mitundu yambiri ya currants kuti iwonetsetse kuti imayambitsa mungu. Choncho, mudzalandira zipatso zazikulu ndi zokolola zambiri.
Nthawi yokwanira ndi malo osankhidwa oti mubzala mbande
Black currant ingabzalidwe kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Koma ndibwino kuti mufike kumapeto kwa September-October. Momwemo, mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa bwino, ndipo m'chaka chidzapita kukula. M'chaka chiri bwino kubzala musanayambe kudzuka ndi kusuntha kwa madzi.
Momwe mungasankhire sapling
Posankha mmera, samalani kachitidwe ka kavalo: iyenera kukhala ndi mizu yopanda mafupa. Mizu iyenera kukhala yonyowa ndi kusinthidwa. Mphukira ndi yofiira ndipo imasintha. Mu wathanzi mphukira Mphukira yachibadwa kukula. Ngati ali kutupa, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha impso.
Ndi bwino kugula mbande mu kugwa. Zidzakhala zogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano ndipo kawirikawiri zidzakhazikika. Mutagula mbande, onetsetsani mizu yawo mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti asavulazidwe ndi kuuma panthawi yopitako.
Momwe mungakonzekeretse nthaka musanadzalemo
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonjezereka, yopanda ndale (pH 5.0-5.5), yachonde. Black currant baka amakonda kwambiri loam. Anabzala kumwera kwakumadzulo kapena kumwera. Malowa ayenera kuyatsa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ku mphepo.
Ngati mumabzala currant kumapeto, konzekerani nthaka kugwa. Onjezerani humus, phulusa (1 l), wamphamvu (100 g) pa mita imodzi. Kubzala kwa black currant ndi motere:
- konzani chiwembu kuyambira autumn / spring;
- Kukumba nthaka ndi mbeu 7-10 kg ya humus;
- Konzani dzenje lokhazikika m'masabata awiri. Onjezerani mu nthaka, superphosphate (supuni 2), phulusa laling'ono, 5 makilogalamu a kompositi, kudzaza dzenje ndi 2/3;
- kuyembekezera nthaka kugwa ndi kusindikiza;
- Thirani 1/2 chidebe cha madzi mu dzenje;
- ikani nyemba mu dzenje pamtunda wa 45 ° mpaka 5 cm chakuya kuposa momwe idakwera kale;
- Pang'onopang'ono muwongole mizu ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka, yaying'ono;
- Thirani zitsulo zina ziwiri za madzi pansi pa nyemba;
- mutabzala, mutenge mphukira za mbande, kusiya masamba awiri payekha.
Ambiri wamaluwa akudabwa chaka chomwe mutabzala currants kubereka zipatso.
Ndikufuna kuti ayambe kubweretsa zipatso kwa zaka 2-3, koma izi zidzangokhala 5-6.
Chitsamba chiyenera kupeza mphamvu ndi kukhazikika bwinobwino.
Kukula ndi kusamalira currants wakuda
Kukula ndi kusamalira currants wakuda ndi nkhani yosavuta. Mungofunika kukumbukira madzi, kudula ndi kudyetsa nthawi.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji nthaka?
Nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba amafunika kukumba ndi kusungunula ndi humus kapena manyowa. Kukula kwa mulch ndi masentimita 5-10. Ngati namsongole ayamba kuoneka pafupi ndi currant, chotsani nthawi yomweyo kuti asatenge kachilomboka ndi matenda kapena tizirombo.
Musaiwale za kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi feteleza. Ndi bwino kusankha wapadera feteleza kwa currants ndi Kuwonjezera wa potaziyamu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka, yonyowa, koma yopanda madzi, kotero kuti mizu ya currant isayambe kuvunda. Madzi a chitsamba 1-2 pa sabata, ndipo pa masiku owuma kwambiri tsiku lililonse.
Kudulira bwino ndi chitsamba kupanga
Dulani chitsamba chiyenera kukhala kumayambiriro kwa masika musanawoneke impso, onetsetsani kuti muchotse nthambi zosweka ndi zowonongeka (mwachitsanzo, matenda kapena nkhupakupa).
Kuyesa chitsamba, mumapereka kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndikuletsa kubereka kwa tizirombo.
Kuti apange chitsamba mutabzala, mphukira ziyenera kudulidwa pachaka, zokhala ndi 3-4 zokhazikitsidwa komanso zoyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chitsamba chikukula bwino, muyenera kudula nthambi za mafupa 2-3 - izi zidzakuthandizani kuti muzuke mphukira.
Kupanga chitsamba kwa zaka zisanu. Ngati mwachita zonse molondola, ndiye kuti zidzakhala ndi nthambi 10-15 za mafupa omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zam'tsogolo.
Kukolola
Zipatso za black currant zimakololedwa ndi manja, zimatulutsa mabulosi onse. Ndikofunika kuwasungira molondola, popanda kuvulaza kapena kuswa nthambi.
Black currant zipatso zimayikidwa mu trays, bokosi mabokosi kapena mabokosi - ndiye sazengereza ndipo musalole madzi. Pambuyo posankha zipatso, tchire liyenera kutsanulidwa mochulukirapo ndi kumasula nthaka pamalo.
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kudyetsa currant baka. Manyowa omwe ali ndi zinthu zomwe zingapangitse kuti azitha kukolola bwino. Izi zimapangidwa bwino kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zitosi za mbalame, urea, kapena mullein. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zovuta. Dyetsani ma currants 1 nthawi pa sabata. Pambuyo kukolola, yadyetsani tchire ndi superphosphate (100 g kuzungulira chitsamba), phulusa (200 g kuzungulira chitsamba), kapena kuvala kobiri pamwamba.
Kuteteza black currant ku chisanu
Mphepozi ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa currants zakuda. Angathe kutenga zambiri kapena zokolola zanu zonse.
Pofuna kuteteza tchire kumayambiriro kwa chisanu, m'pofunika kutaya tchire madzulo ndi madzi kapena kuika madzi mumatangi pafupi nawo. Mukhozanso kuphimba mapepala a currant ndi mapaketi akuluakulu a pepala, nsalu kapena filimu yapadera.
Njira yobalana currant
Ambiri wamaluwa omwe currant yakuda imakula pa chiwembu chofuna kufalitsa izo zokha. Ndi zophweka kuchita, koma muyenera kukumbukira za matenda omwe angatuluke ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Onetsetsani kuti mukubala ma currants wakuda ayenera kusankha tizilombo tomwe timakhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri.
Cuttings
Ngati mwasankha kufalitsa ma currants ndi cuttings, kumbukirani kuti akhoza kubzalidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa April mpaka kumayambiriro kwa May, kuyambira September mpaka October.
Dulani cuttings ku mphukira pachaka ndi makulidwe a 7 mm. Mdulidwe wapangidwa pa mphambano ya 45 °. Kutalika kwa kudula ndi masentimita 20. Usiku, timadontho timene timayikidwa m'madzi timayikidwa m'madzi ndikubzala m'mawa mumtunda wokonzedwa. Iwo amabzalidwa ngati mbande wamba, pamene akuthirira mochuluka.
Kuyika
Zigawo zimachulukitsa currants kumapeto. Zakudya zowonjezera zathanzi zimapangidwa pansi, zimayikidwa m'madzi okonzeka (akuya 5-7 masentimita) ndipo zimaphatikizidwa ndi makina apadera.
Atatha kugona tulo tofa. Pakubwera kwa mphukira za 6-8 masentimita m'litali, zimayenda mpaka theka lakutalika. Ndikofunika kuwasamalira monga mwachizolowezi saplings.
Kugawa chitsamba
Pogawanika chitsamba, chiyenera kutuluka pamwamba ndi nthaka ndi humus ndikuyang'ana chinyezi kwa nthawi yonse mpaka nthawi yophukira.. M'dzinja, chitsamba chiyenera kukumbidwa, kupatukana ndi mapangidwe a mizu ndi mizu ndi kubzalidwa mosiyana. Musaiwale za kuthirira ndi feteleza zitsamba zatsopano.
Mukudziwa? Simungakhoze kubzala wakuda currants pafupi ndi mbalame yamatcheri, hawthorn, buckthorn, fennel kapena hisope. Izi zingachititse kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Black currant ndi oyandikana naye ayenera kukhala ndi mizu yofanana kuti asasokoneze wina ndi mzake. Ndi bwino kudzala currants padera.
Zothandiza katundu wakuda currant
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chitsamba cha mankhwala kwa nthawi yaitali. Mavitaminiwa ali ndi vitamini C, B, P, A, E, pectin, phosphoric acid, chitsulo, mafuta ofunikira.
Masamba ali ndi sulfure, magnesium, phytocides, vitamini C. Zonsezi zimathandiza pochiza njira zotupa m'thupi, kulimbana ndi khansa ndi matenda a mtima.
Currant imathandiza ndi kuzizira. Kudyetsa decoction kumalimbikitsidwa kuti amwe ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri ndi fuluwenza. Chifukwa cha vitamini C wambiri, currant yakuda imathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha ndi kuonjezera chitetezo.
Vitamini P imapangitsa kuti mitsempha ikhale yotayika ndipo imateteza kukula kwa atherosclerosis. Vitamini E imathandiza kuyeretsa ndi kusintha chiwindi ndi adrenal glands.
Black currant imathandiza kuchokera kupanikizika - imachepetsa komanso imathandiza kuti izi zikhale zachilendo. B mavitamini ndi opindulitsa kwa ubongo, mtima ndi manjenje.
Zoopsa katundu wa black currant
Simungathe kudya currants yakuda ndi thrombophlebitis chifukwa cha mavitamini K. Currants omwe amatsutsana kwambiri ndi gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba komanso osauka magazi, chiwindi cha hepatitis. Madzi a currant sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo pa matenda a mtima kapena kupwetekedwa, komanso ndi thrombosis.
Madzi abwino angayambitse vutoli, choncho amatha kudyedwa ndi madzi komanso osawerengeka.
Pakati pa mimba, muyeneranso kusiya kumwa mowa kwambiri chifukwa cha vitamini C. Mungagwiritse ntchito, koma osapitirira 5-6 zipatso tsiku lililonse.
Choncho, ngati mwasankha kubzala mabulosi othandizirawa monga black currant pa chiwembu chanu, muyenera kulingalira malamulo a kubzala ndi kusamalira. Onetsetsani kuti manyowa ndi kusamalira tchire, ngakhale ngati sakubala chipatso. Ichi chidzakhala chinsinsi cha kukolola kwakukulu m'tsogolomu.
