Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mitundu ya peyala. "Favorite Yakovlev". Mudzapeza zofunikira zonse zomwe zingakuthandizeni kulima ndikukula mtengo wa zipatso uwu.
Peyala "Favorite Yakovlev", zambiri zambiri
Musanabzala mapeyala "Okondedwa Yakovlev" muyenera kuwerenga mwachidule za zosiyana ndikudziwe bwino zochitika zakale zambiri.
Mitundu imeneyi idapangidwa chifukwa cha mitundu ya Mwana wamkazi Blancova ndi Bergamot. Zinyamazo zimatchulidwa pambuyo pozipeza - P. N. Yakovlev. Pambuyo poswana, iyo idakula pa mafakitale. "Favorite Yakovlev" ikugawidwa ku Central, Central Black Earth ndi madera a Middle Volga.
Mukudziwa? Mawu akuti "peyala" omwe amalembedwa pamapepala amapezeka m'zaka za m'ma XII mu mawonekedwe a "peyala". M'zaka za zana la XII, m'malo mwa "peyala" adagwiritsiridwa ntchito "dula" - choyambirira cha chinenero cha Polish.
Komanso, peyala iyi ndi yabwino kukula m'midzi.
Mtengo umakula mofulumira, uli ndi piramidi ya korona, yomwe nthambiyo imakula pambali ya 90˚. Makungwa a peyala ndi imvi. Zipatso zimakula pakatikati, zowoneka bwino. Pa nthawi ya kucha ndi mtundu wa chikasu. (pa kukhwima kwa wogula - golide wachikasu ndi tani wamng'ono). Zipatso zamapatso zili ndi quince kukoma, osakanikirana ndi maselo aakulu stony.
Zipatso peyala "Wokondedwa Yakovlev" wokonzedwa kwa chilengedwe ntchito ndi ali ndi 8.2% a shuga ndi 8.4 mg wa ascorbic acid. Taganizirani mbali zabwino ndi zoipa za zosiyanasiyanazi.
Ubwino ndi:
- mkulu;
- zokolola zabwino;
- zabwino kukoma.
- chowawa;
- kukhalapo kwa maselo amphepete pa chipatso;
- kuchepetsa kubereka (mu gawo la pollinator ntchito "nyengo yotentha ya duchess").
Choncho, peyala zosiyanasiyana "Pet Yakovlev" ali Thupi lalikulu la pamwamba, lamtunda wolimba kwambiri, limapereka zokolola zambiri (makilogalamu pafupifupi 20 mpaka 25 kuchokera pamtengo), womwe umabuka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September.
Kupanga peyala luso
Tapenda tsatanetsatane wa peyala zosiyanasiyana "Favorite Yakovlev", tsopano tiyeni tikambirane kubzala ndi kukula.
Kusankha funsolo mmene chomera peyala "Favorite Yakovlev", muyenera kuwerenga malamulo ofunika. Chomera chosalakwitsa bwino chidzapereka mbewu zochepa kapena sizidzaperekanso. Chojambula chimatha pachimake maluwa, kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa kuwonongeka, ndipo kusowa kwa kuwala kungayambitse matenda a zomera.
Kufika kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo (mu April) kapena kugwa (mu October). Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi ngalande yabwino komanso yobereka. Njira yabwino ingakhale dothi lonyowa loamy.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nyembazo zidabzalidwa m'dongo, ndiye kuti ziyenera kubzalidwa ndi peat, kuwonjezera mchenga wa mtsinje kukonza ngalande. Zochitazi zikuchitidwa mosagwirizana ndi preplant supplementation.
Kusankha malo okhala
Kupanga chomeracho kumva bwino malo omwe muyenera kusankha dzuwa, otetezedwa ku mphepo ya kumpoto. Mukhoza kubzala mtengo kumbali yakumwera, kumbuyo kwa nyumba. Panthawi imodzimodziyo muzisamalira mtunda woyenera, mwinamwake mtengo ukhoza kusokoneza maziko a nyumbayo.
Komanso samalirani pansi zomwe sayenera kunama pafupi kwambiri. Nthaka pa malo okubzala sayenera kukhala madzi, okometsera kwambiri kapena amchere.. Sankhani dothi losakanizidwa ndi mphamvu ya humus pafupi 20 cm kapena kuposa.
Kulowera
Musanadzalemo, dzenje limakumbidwa ndi masentimita 70 ndi kuya kwa mamita 1. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nyembazo ziyenera kuikidwa m'manda mpaka pamutu (choncho, sungani kuya kwa dzenje malinga ndi mizu ya mbeu). Raskuima pakati pa zomera mu mzere ayenera kukhala mamita asanu, mtunda wa pakati pa mizera uyenera kukhala mamita 6. Pansi pa dzenje muzitsanulira 5 makilogalamu a humus kapena kompositi, 5-6 makilogalamu a mtsinje (wouma), 15 g wa superphosphate ndi 350-400 g wa ufa wa dolomite.
Ife timabzala mtengo ndikuyika mbendera (kuti thunthu laling'ono lisayambe kugwedezeka ndi kutaya). Mukamabzala, gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yabwino. Zitatero, peyala imatsanuliridwa pa 30 malita a madzi.
Apa ndi pamene mapeyala amabzalidwa. Ngati mtengo suvomerezedwa, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda kuti wothirira.
Momwe mungamwetse peyala
Popeza munabzala mapeyala a "Favorite Yakovlev" m'munda mwanga, ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungamwetse chomeracho.
Sapling imasowa madzi ambiri pa nyengo yokula. Mitunduyi imakonda njira yothirira mvula (pamene chinyezi chimafika pa thupi lonse pamwamba, ndipo kenako chimadza ku mizu). Chifukwa cha kukula kwa mtengo wamkulu, sitingathe kuika madzi oterewa, choncho, dzenje lakuya ndi lalikulu la 10-15 masentimita kuposa kukula kwake kwa thunthu. Mu mtsinje muyenera kutsanulira m'mawa kapena dzuwa likadutsa pafupifupi 25 malita a madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo waukulu, madzi ambiri amathirira madzi (mtengo wa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri umafuna 30-33 malita a madzi).
Feteleza peyala "Favorite Yakovlev"
M'zaka zitatu zoyambirira, mtengowo umafuna feteleza wa nayitrogeni (50 kg pa 1 ha). Gawo lopangidwa musanafike maluwa, ndi theka - masabata awiri mutatha maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mtengo ukukula bwino, mlingo wa feteleza feteleza ukhoza kuwonjezeka.
M'chilimwe, kuthirira mapeyala kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuvala. Mu mawonekedwe a feteleza ntchito organic infusions, mchere feteleza, humus kapena kompositi.
Pofuna kuti chipatsochi chimangirike bwino, Manyowa omwe ali ndi boron angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuwabweretsani kamodzi musanayambe maluwa kapena pakati pake. Ngati peyala yopanda chisanu imakhala yowonongeka, ndiye kuti mapepala apamwamba a 0,5% urea amapezeka muzigawo zingapo: yoyamba - masabata awiri mutatha maluwa, yachiwiri - sabata imodzi itatha.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo yakale imachita mosiyana ndi feteleza. Ngati simukukhutira ndi zokolola, ndi bwino kupanga kudulira kokonzanso kuposa "kudyetsa" mtengo ndi humus ndi mchere.
Malamulo kudulira peyala "Pet Yakovlev"
Ndi ochepa wamaluwa amadziwa zimenezo Kudulira mitengo moyenera kumapereka zochuluka kuposa makilogalamu a feteleza. Ndipotu, kudulira sikungowonongeka kokha komanso kupangidwa kwabwino kwa mtengo, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma, odwala ndi owonongeka omwe amasokoneza mbewu.
Pear Pruning
Kukonza kwa mtengo wamtundu wokalamba kumaphatikizapo kubwezeretsedwa kwa nthambi, kuchotsedwa kwa odwala ndi owuma mphukira, komanso mkati kukonza korona.
Kwa zaka zachinayi ndi zotsatizana, korona wa mapeyala amasungidwa mu kukula kwake komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yobzala.
Pamene kudulira nthambi zowuma ndi matenda, masamba ena akale, omwe panalibe inflorescences, akhoza kuchotsedwa. Masamba otsalirawa amfupikitsidwa pang'ono. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kuchepetsa kukula ndikuwonjezereka mapangidwe atsopano.
Pamene kudulira amafunika kuchotsa nthambi zomwe zimaphwanya "dongosolo". Korona imafunika kupangidwira mochepa-pang'ono kuti matanthwe a nthambi athe kukolola mosavuta. Pankhaniyi, m'munsi mwa mphukira ayenera kukhala wotalika kuposa pakati ndi pamwamba.
Mukudziwa? Alimwa abwera ndi peyala yazitsulo mu rowan. Chifukwa chake, wosakanizidwayo adakhala wodzichepetsa, koma zipatso sizikhala zokoma komanso zokoma, ndipo kukoma kwa mapeyala kunapatsa rowan.
Kudulira mbande
Kukula peyala yokongola yachonde, ndi kofunika kuti muzitha kudulira zoyenera za sapling ndi mtengo wachinyamata. Mukamabzala, mphukira zonse zimachepetsedwa ndi 1/3 ya kutalika kwa nthawi yonse. Izi zatsimikiziridwa kuti mtengowu ndi wovomerezeka komanso wosasinthika. Yotsatira yowunikira peyala ikuchitika chaka mutatha kubzala, mu March. Chotsani mphukira pamwamba, kuchepetsa mtunda wa mtengo mpaka 90 cm.
M'chaka chachiwiri, nthambi zonse za m'munsi ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamtunda wa 0,5 m, "conductor" yadulidwa ku 35-40 masentimita kuchokera kumtunda kuponyera pansi.
M'chaka chachitatu pa nthambi zosalala zimasiya mphukira zofooka zomwe zibala chipatso (mpaka 30 cm kutalika). Mphukira zazikulu zowonjezereka zimadulidwa, ndikusiya maso pang'ono m'munsi.
Ndikofunikira!"Favorite Yakovleva "amayenera kubwezeretsa mphukira pa malo osakanikirana. Nthambi zikafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15, zimayendanso pogwiritsa ntchito prishchepy. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika mu May ndi June.
Kukolola ndi kusunga zipatso
Kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi tinalemba za kuchotsedwa ndi kugula.
Kukolola kokolola ndi kukula kwake komwe mukufuna kuchotsa chipatso chosungiramo kapena kugulitsa. Zipatso zam'kati zophika zipse m'nyumba, ndipo sizisiyana ndi zakucha pamtengo. Njira iyi imakulolani kuti mukulitse moyo wa alumali wa chipatso osati kuvulaza kukoma kwake.
Kukula kwa ogulitsa - zipatso zonse zakupsa pamtengo yomwe ili ndi kukoma kokoma, koma siimapitirira kwa milungu yoposa 2-3 ngakhale pamalo ozizira.
Choncho, kukolola kumachitika malinga ndi ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yabwino ingakhale kusonkhanitsa zipatso zokwana 85-90% za zipatso zobiriwira ndi kuwasiya iwo kuti akonze ndi kusungirako zina, ndi zina zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya pambuyo pa kuchapa pamtengo.
Pamene zipatso zoyamba kugwa zikuwonekera, kukula kwa msinkhu kumafunika kuyang'aniridwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kusonkhanitsa mapeyala amagwiritsa ntchito zikwama ndi pansi.
Pa nthawi yokolola, muyenera kuchotsa mapeyala, Ndikofunikira kuti musatuluke mbozi yowola, yomenyedwa kapena yowonongeka.
Kuyeretsa kumachitika kokha m'nyengo youma, pamene palibe chinyezi pa zipatso. Mukatha kukolola, muyenera kuchotsa zipatso zonse zovunda pamtengo kuti peyala isagwidwe ndi matendawa.
Mukudziwa? Mpaka Columbus atabweretsa fodya ku Ulaya, anthu a ku South Africa adasuta masamba a zomera zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mapeyala. Masamba a mtengo uwu anali otchuka kwambiri.Tsopano mumadziwa peyala "Favorite Yakovlev" ndipo sizingatheke ndekha Chitani mitengo komanso tsatirani malamulo a chisamaliro cha mbewu, kuti ukhale wathanzi ndi kukolola bwino. Awa ndiwo mapeyala osiyanasiyana, omwe amafuna chikondi ndi chisamaliro kuchokera kwa eni ake, kupereka mobwezera zipatso zabwino ndi zathanzi.
