Mvula imabwera, ndipo alimi odziwa bwino nthawiyi pachaka amakhala akugwirizanitsa ndi kubzala mbatata pamtunda. M'nkhani ino, takonzekera inu zambiri zokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata "Colombo", kubzala ndi kulima zomwe sizikupatsani mavuto ambiri, koma nthawi yakucha ndi kukula kwa mbewu idzakudodometsani.
Mbiri yopondereza
Mitundu yambiri ya "Colombo" ('Colomba') inalimbikitsidwa ndi obereketsa Achi Dutch mwa kudutsa mitundu ya 'Carrera' ndi 'Agata'. Mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, idapangitsa kuti akatswiri a katswiri a zachuma padziko lonse adziwe chifukwa chokolola kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwa tubers.
Mukudziwa? Anthu okhala m'mayiko a ku Ulaya mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za XVII ankawona kuti mbatata ndi yoopsa komanso yosayenera. Anaponyedwa panja ndikuwonongedwa ngakhale atakhala ndi njala komanso wotsamira.
Mafotokozedwe a botanical a tubers
Mitundu yambiri ya "Colombo" imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amatha kulemera kwake ndi 90-150 g. Nyerere ndi yosalala komanso yosaoneka bwino, yotumbululuka chikasu, ndipo thupi liri ndi chikasu. Maso ali ochepa kwambiri, amagona pamtunda. Imeneyi ndi tebulo zosiyanasiyana za mbatata, zomwe zimakhala ndi zowawa zambiri, zomwe zimapezeka mu tubers ndizochepa - 12-15%, komabe mbale zomwe zakonzedwa kuchokera ku mbatata zosiyanasiyana zimalandira zizindikiro zapamwamba kuchokera ku makina awo. 
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Mtedza uwu ndi wangwiro kuphika mbale iliyonse: Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponse pophika komanso yokazinga. Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe zambiri za "Colombo" zosiyanasiyana.
Matenda oteteza matenda
"Colombo" ya mbatata imatsutsa kwambiri matenda oterewa monga nkhanambo ndi khansa. Kulimbana ndi vuto lochedwa mochedwa pamtunda, kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda a fungus kawirikawiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphwanya malamulo omwe amalimbikitsa ulimiwu. Kawirikawiri kugonjetsedwa baka golide nematodes.
Malamulo a kucha
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mbatata "Colombo" ndi wa gululo mitundu yapakatikati oyambirira - kucha kumapezeka mu 60-65 patapita masiku akufika pamatseguka pansi. Malinga ndi masiku omwe amalembedwa kuti ayambike - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, nyengo yoyamba yokolola ikuphuka pakati pa mwezi wa July.
Nthawi yakucha yakucha oyambirira ndi chizindikiro cha mitundu ya "Adretta", "Sante", "Ilinsky", "Rodrigo", "Courage".
Pereka
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Zonsezi ndi zofunika kuti mukule mbatata "Colombo" izi zosiyanasiyana zidzakondweretsa inu ndi mbewu zambiri.
Kawirikawiri, kuchokera ku hekita imodzi mukhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku 250 mpaka 400 omwe ali ndi zipatso zazikulu zabwino kwambiri.
Kumadera akum'mwera, si zachilendo kubzala zokolola ziwiri nthawi imodzi.
Kunyada
Mlingo wa bata la wosakanizidwa - 95 %zomwe zingatanthauzidwe kuti "zabwino." Mwa kulamulira kutentha ndi digiri ya mpweya chinyezi mu sitolo ya masamba, mukhoza kusunga "Colombo" popanda zoperewera zambiri mu misa ya tubers ndi tebulo khalidwe, kuyambira miyezi 4 mpaka 6. Tiyeneranso kudziŵika bwino kuyenda ndi kukana mawanga amdima omwe amachokera ku mantha.
Ndikofunikira! Malinga ndi mfundo kuchokera kwa woyambitsa zosiyanasiyana - HZPC Holland, mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Colombo" imagwirizana ndi kusowa kwa zinthu, makamaka magnesium. Kupititsa patsogolo kukoma kwa tubers mu nthawi yogwira kukula kwa tchire, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza ndi mkulu wa magnesium sulphate.
Zigawo zikukula
Kukula "Colombo" kotheka kumadera awa: kum'mwera chakumadzulo ndi kumadera a Russia, North Caucasus, komanso kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa Ukraine. Akatswiri a zaulimi amanena kuti ali m'chigawo cha Sumy ku Ukraine komanso m'madera a ku Kursk ndi Belgorod ku Russia komwe mbatata yokolola yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imalembedwa pachaka. 
Malamulo obwera
Takukonzerani inu mwatsatanetsatane za mfundo zazikulu za kulima Colombo zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba lanu: malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira mbatata amakhala ofanana ndi a mitundu ina ya mbewuyi.
Nthawi yabwino
Musanabzala mitundu yambiri ya "Colombo" mvetserani nthaka kutentha - sayenera kukhala pansi + 7 ° С pamtunda wa masentimita 10. M'nyengo yozizira, ziŵerengerozi zimagwirizana ndi mapeto a April ndi kumayambiriro kwa May. Poyamba kubzala "Colombo" kungayambitse kubzala zakuthupi, zomwe zadzaza ndi kuthera kwathunthu kwa mbewu zamtsogolo.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mudziwe nthawi yabwino yobzala mbatata, mukhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyana siyana. Amakhulupirira kuti chiyambi cha maluwa dandelions, mbalame yamatcheri, komanso ukufalikira kwa birch masamba amasonyeza kuti sipadzakhala ozizira chithunzithunzi ndipo mukhoza kuteteza mbatata.
Kusankha malo
Kwa kulima mbatata "Colombo" sankhani malo abwino, pamene nthaka ikhale yopanda chinyezi. Zimalangizirani kubzala mabedi kumbali yakumwera - kotero mutsimikiza kuti chitsamba chilichonse patsiku chimalandira gawo lofunikira la dzuwa. Samalani mlingo wa madzi oyenda pansi - sayenera kukhala oposa 80 masentimita pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. 
Otsatira abwino ndi oipa
Pakukula mbewu, zomera zomwe poyamba zinakula m'malo mwake zimakhudza kwambiri mbewu zawo. Akatswiri a zaulimi akhala akuzindikira bwino kuti mbatata zimakula bwino, zimabzala mbeu zambiri ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti zikhale ndi matenda ngati munabzala m'nthaka kumene mbewu zimenezi zimakula: beets, mpiru, anyezi, radish, nkhaka, nyemba, rapse ndi kaloti.
Mudzidziwe nokha ndi zofunikira zazamasamba zamasamba.
Koma kubzala kwake pansi pambuyo tomato, kabichi, eggplants ndi tsabola zikhoza kuwononga kwambiri tebulo la tubers ndi mawonekedwe a tchire - pambuyo pa mbeu izi, dothi m'derali liribe matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zomwe zimawonetsa mabedi anu a mbatata. Kuti musadwale kwambiri nthaka, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muzipaka zitsamba za mbatata kumalo atsopano zaka 3-4.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Gawo ili ndi limodzi mwa malamulo akuluakulu okhudza ndiwo zamasamba. 
Tidzakuuzani mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zikuphatikizidwa Kukonzekera kwa mbatata pachaka:
- Kukonzekera kwa m'dzinja. Ikuchitika mwamsanga mutatha kukolola ndipo isanayambe isanafike chisanu. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungapangire nthaka m'dzinja. Njira yoyamba: mumapukuta mosamala nthaka, pomwe fosholo imalowa mu nthaka mpaka bayonet. Pofuna kukumba, namsongole ndi mizu ya mbewu zina amachotsedwa, kuwonjezera apo, amamvetsera mwatcheru poyeretsa nthaka kuchokera ku mphutsi za mphutsi, mphutsi ndi tizirombo tina. Kenaka, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, humus, pa mlingo wa 5-7 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi. Njira yachiwiri yokonzekera nthaka ikuphatikizapo kubzala malo ndi zomera zobiriwira. Izi zikuphatikizapo: nkhuku, canola, rye, tirigu, lupine, nandolo, chimanga, oats, mpiru, zokometsera zabwino, nyemba, phacelia. Zomera zimenezi pakukula zimadzaza nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosangalatsa, komanso zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino komanso kukula kwa mbatata. Mmalo mofukula chiwembu, mumabzala ndi mbewu izi ndikudikirira mphukira zoyamba. Mbewuzo zitakula, mumadula ndi kuchoka m'nyengo yozizira. Poonjezera kuti nthaka ikhale yopindulitsa, mutha kuthira pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Spring Training imaphatikizapo nthaka yosasunthika. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi jekeseni kapena foloko, yomwe imayenera kumasula pansi ndikuphwanya zitsamba zazikulu. Komabe, ngati muzindikira kuti pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, nthaka imakula ndi namsongole, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kachiwiri chiwembu. Monga lamulo, dzuŵa litakumba, dothi lawonongeka ndi namsongole ndiloling'ono kale, choncho mphamvu ya ntchito yachepa kwambiri.
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Kuti mbatata ikhoze kukuthandizani panthawi imodzi ndikukula mwamphamvu, zomwe zimasandulika kukhala chitsamba chosakanikirana ndi zida zazikulu pansi, kubzala zakuthupi kukonzekera koyambirira:
- Kumera mwamsanga. Kukonzekera koteroko kumayambira pafupi mwezi usanafike tsiku lokonzekera kukonzekera. Chofunika kwambiri mu njirayi ndi kuunika kowala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda. Mitundu ina ya tubers "Colombo" imakonzedwa mzere umodzi mu bokosi kapena mphamvu zina, mbali zake zomwe sizilepheretsa kulowa mkati mwa kuwala. Masiku oyambirira 10-14 ndikofunika kutentha kutentha kwa 18-21 ° C - mpweya wotentha "udzatsitsimutsa" mbatata ndi kuyamba kuyambitsa maso. Gawo lotsatira pa kumera wouma lidzakhala kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwa chizindikiro cha 10 ° C. Pa kutentha uku, kusungirako kwa tubers kumapitirira mpaka iwo atabzalidwa kutseguka pansi.
- Kumera kwakumwa. Njira yokonzekerayi ikuphatikizapo kusunga mbewu mu chipinda chakuda, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira + 15 ° C. Mbali yaikulu ya chinyezi kumera ndikuphimba tubers ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono dothi lonyowa kapena utuchi. Pofuna kumera msanga kwa maso, ndi kofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzisakaniza gawoli ngati likuuma. Madzi kumera kumachepetsa nthawi yokonzekera tubers kwa kufesa lotseguka pansi mpaka masabata 2-3.
- Njira ya mmera. Njira iyi yokonzekera tuber imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yowonjezera kumera kwa maso musanayambe kukonzekera kubzala m'nthaka. Choncho kuti zokolola za "Colombo" zisasokoneze mphamvu zowonjezera pa mphukira zosafunikira, muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka atakula mpaka 5-6 masentimita m'litali, ndipo pamunsi pawo padzakhala maonekedwe a mizu. Pambuyo pake, mosamala mulekanitse aliyense kuchokera ku tuber ndikuwongolera mu michere yosakaniza. Mzere wokhala pakati pa ziphuphu ndi osachepera 6 masentimita. Mbewu zitakula, zimatha kubzalidwa pamtunda. Ngati momwe zimakhalira kutentha ndi chinyezi zimapezeka, zimamera zimatha kuoneka pa tubers kangapo, zomwe zimapangitsa njirayi kukhala yabwino pamene muli ndi mbewu yochepa.
Ndondomeko ndi kuya kwake
Mukamabzala "Colombo" odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza kukumba mabowo pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera pamzake, pakati pa mabedi ayenera kukhala ndi malo osachepera 70 cm - kufalikira tchire cha mbatata mtundawu udzakhala wabwino kwambiri pa chitukuko chabwino cha mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Ku Alaska, m'masiku a kuthamanga kwa golidi, ambiri anali ndi zowonongeka. Zinali zotheka kubwezeretsanso mavitamini m'thupi mothandizidwa ndi mbatata, mtengo wamsika umene panthawiyo unali wabwino ngati mtengo wa golide.
Momwe mungasamalire
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mbatata sizimafuna luso lapadera pa kulima. Pali mfundo zazikulu zimene siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa pothandizira "Colombo" zosiyanasiyana. Tiye tiuzeni za iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuthirira
Pali malamulo asanu othandizira kuthirira mbewu izi:
- Kumwa madzi nthawi zonse kumangotha kokha pamene ziphuphu zakula ndipo zatha kufika masentimita 15 mu msinkhu. Akuwombera omwe sanathe kuthana ndi chizindikiro, amawoneka kuti ndi ofooka, ndipo chinyezi chingayambitse kubzala mu tubers.
- Kuthirira kumaphatikizapo madzi akuwotcha kutentha kwa mpweya. Madzi ozizira amakhala ndi zotsatira zovulaza mizu yosasunthika, motero akhoza kuyamba kuwonongeka kwawo. Siyani madzi omwe akufunira ulimi wothirira dzuwa kwa maola angapo - izi zidzatenthezera kuzigawo zoyenera.
- Sinthani kuchuluka kwa kuthirira malingana ndi nthawi ya kukula kwa mbeu. Pa mapangidwe masamba ndi yogwira kukula kwa tubers, kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi 1-2 malita pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Nthawi zonse - musapitirire voliyumu 4 malita pa chitsamba.
- Pa masiku okhala ndi kutentha pang'ono ndi kutentha, kuthirira sikuchitika kamodzi pamlungu. Ndipo poyamba kutentha kwa chilimwe, mutha kumwa madzi awiri kapena atatu.
- Musayambe kutsanulira madzi onse pansi pazu wa mbewu. Pofuna kupewa mizu, chitani izi m'magawo - osaposa lita imodzi panthawi imodzi. Thirani batch, lolani ilo lilowerere mu nthaka, ndiyeno nkuyamba kuthirira kachiwiri.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuwonjezera pa feteleza pa nthawi yobzala "Colombo", izi zosiyanasiyana zimadalira chakudya chowonjezera pa nthawi yonse ya kukula kwake. Zingakhale ngati mizu yovala - feteleza pazu, ndi kunjakutanthauza kukonkha nsonga za mbatata.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri imalingaliridwa kuti ikudyetsa mwachindunji pansi pazu wa zomera. Pakati pa tchire ziwiri muyenera kuyendetsa galimoto mozama kuposa masentimita 20 - chifukwa cha izi ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kudula kuchokera ku fosholo. Mu dzenje lomweli kutsanulira kukonzekera yankho ndipo motero manyowa onse a tchire. Njirayi ndi yabwino chifukwa chomeracho chimatenga zinthu zofunikira, ndipo mizu siidzakhala yovuta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa feteleza.
Ntchito yowonjezera ya nkhuku yowonongeka ndi madzi muyeso iyi ndi 1 gawo la zinyalala ndi magawo awiri a madzi. Mu njirayi, mukhoza kuwonjezera phulusa kapena fupa pang'onopang'ono. Ngati mumakhala pafupi ndi matupi a madzi, ndiye kuti mchenga wa silt kapena tinsu ukhoza kukhala chitsime cha zakudya kwa mabedi a mbatata.
Phunzirani zambiri za nthawi ndi feteleza popatsa mbatata.
Kudyetsa koyamba "Colombo" kungayambike mwezi umodzi mutatha kubzala pamalo otseguka. Ndondomeko yotsatira ya feteleza nthawi ya mapangidwe a masamba, ndiyeno - pambuyo pa maluwa a mbatata.
Video: Kudyetsa mbatata
Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka
Kusinthana kwabwino m'nthaka kumathandizira kuzikwaniritsa ndi zinthu zothandiza, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti zimere ziphuphu, kuphatikizapo, dothi lotayirira limathamanga mwamsanga pansi pa kasupe dzuwa. Zomwe anakumana nazo agronomists amalangiza yambani kumasula mabedi masiku angapo mutatha kubzala tuber "colombo". Pamene mbande ikukula, njirayi iyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse - pambuyo pa mvula komanso nthawi zonse ngati phokoso lolimba ladothi limapangidwa. Musaiwale za kuyeretsa namsongole - Pamene mutsegula, mungathe kuwona mizu yawo, yomwe imayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamawathira tchire kapena kutsekemera, musatenge mchenga kapena khola kwambiri m'nthaka. Mizu yawo ili pafupi kwambiri, kotero ndi kosavuta kuvulaza mbatata.
Hilling
Kuti kwambiri imathandizira kukula kwa mbatata mitundu "Colombo", ntchito hilling ake tchire. Njirayi ikutanthauza kufalitsa nthaka yotayirira pansi pa mizu ya chomera, potero kupanga kapangidwe kakang'ono. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mukufunika kuyipeza pambuyo poti maluwawo akukula kufika masentimita 15 mu msinkhu, patapita masiku makumi awiri, phirilo lachitanso. Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi m'nthaka, ndibwino kuti tichite mmawa kapena dzuwa litalowa. Ndi bwino kuthirira mabedi pamaso pa hilling kapena kuigwira iyo mvula ikangotha. 
Kuchiza mankhwala
Kwa mitundu ya "Colombo", matenda osiyanasiyana ndi owopsa, komanso tizilombo towononga mbeu yanu. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokumana ndi mavuto otere pamabedi akhoza kuthandizira.
Kukonzekera kuchokera matenda a fungal Mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito: "Epin", "Ditan M-45", "Krezacin", komanso mkuwa wa sulphate. Ndipo mankhwala monga Aktara, Fitoverm, Bicol, ndi Mospilan akhoza kuchotsa tizilombo, mphutsi, mbozi, ndi tizirombo tina kuchokera ku mabedi anu. Kumbukirani kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala kumachitika nyengo yachisanu m'mawa kapena madzulo. Onetsetsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito zipangizo zoteteza ndikusamba manja bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi mutatha.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati panthawi ya maluwa a mbatata mukuwona tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa tchire, musathamangire kupopera mabedi ndi mankhwala. Maluwa ndi okondweretsa njuchi ndi tizilombo tina timene timayambitsa mungu, kotero mankhwalawa angawawononge.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Mwa kusonkhanitsa "Colombo" mukhoza kuyamba popanda kuyembekezera chikasu cha nsonga zake. Kuti muthamangitse ndondomeko yakucha yotchedwa tubers, mukhoza kupita patsogolo dulani mbali yachitsamba - Izi ziyenera kuchitika pafupi ndi sabata lisanafike tsiku loti asonkhanitsidwe. Nsonga zobiriwira ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga pa webusaiti - ikhoza kukhala malo a tizirombo ambiri. 
Dulani chitsamba chimodzi kuti mudziwe kukula kwa mbatata: ngati kutalika kwake kwa masentimita 3-5, ndiye kuti mukhoza kupitirizabe kukumba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika pambali pa thanzi labwino - yosungirako nthawi yomweyo imatha kupatsira mbeu yonse. Pambuyo kukumba tubers, amazisiya pamabedi kwa maola angapo - izi ndizomwe zimapewera kwambiri matenda a fungus, komanso zimathandiza kuti zikopa za mbatata ziziwoneka bwino.
Musanayambe mbatata yosungirako, amatsuka ndikuyeretsanso mazenera a pansi ndi udzu wouma.Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kudyedwa nthawi yomweyo - siziyenera kukhala osungirako nthawi yaitali.
Ndi bwino kusunga mbatata m'mitsuko ndi mabokosi omwe ali mu malo osungiramo zamasamba, komwe zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi. Ngati mukukula "Colombo" pang'onopang'ono, ndiye ikani chipinda chapansi kapena chipinda chapansi. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukwera pamwamba + 4 ° С, ndipo zizindikiro za kutentha kwa mpweya ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 75-80%.
Ŵerenganiponso za kusungirako bwino kwa mbatata ndi masamba ena, komanso za kusungirako mbatata mu nyumba.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Kwambiri zoyenera Zotsambazi zingakhale monga zotsatirazi:
- kucha;
- bwino;
- chokolola chachikulu;
- kutsutsa bwino "matenda ambiri a mbatata", omwe ali oopsa kwa matenda okolola monga nkhanambo ndi khansa.
Waukulu zovuta mitundu ingatchedwe kumvetsetsa kwa madzi ndi kubzala kwa nthaka.
Video: Mbatata ya Colombo ikukula
Tsopano mukudziwa kuti zosiyanasiyana "Colombo" safuna luso lapadera ndi luso mu chisamaliro. Kutsogoleredwa ndi ndondomeko za kulima kwake, kutengedwa kuchokera mu nkhani yathu, mukhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito ndizofunikira zonse, ndipo mphotho idzakhala yopereka zakudya zabwino komanso zokoma kwambiri zazakonzedwe kuchokera ku mbatata iyi.
