Russula (lat Russula) - Izi ndi bowa wambiri m'mapiri: amapanga 30-45% ya bowa lonse. Amatchulidwa kotero chifukwa zina za mitundu yawo zingadye zofiira. Pali zakudya zowonongeka komanso zosadetsedwa. Momwe russula ikuwonekera ndi momwe angadziwire ngati bowa ndi owopsa pamaso panu kapena ayi, mungapeze kuchokera ku nkhani yathu.
Kufotokozera za banja la Russula
Russulae ndi a mtundu wa bowa wa agaric wa dongosolo la banja la agaric la banja la Syerazhkov. Zipatso zawo zimakhala zinyama, zazikulu. Kuphunzira nsomba za m'nkhalango zikhoza kukhala zowala, zosiyana siyana za makapu ndi awiri a masentimita 2-20 masentimita, hemispherical, belu woboola pakati ndi mnofu woyera ndi miyendo yoyera yolunjika. Mukhoza kuwerenga za mtundu wa russula mu gawo la "Mitundu ya zibwenzi". Nsaluzi zimatha bwino, zomwe zimachepetsa ubwino wa bowa awa. Pamene akukula, amasintha mawonekedwe awo, amakhala otseguka, ophwanyika komanso ophwanyika, nthawi zina amapotoka. Bowa zimakhala pansi pamapope ndi zomveka kapena zovuta. Mtundu wa mkangano ukuchokera ku zoyera mpaka ku chikasu.
Mukudziwa? Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa russula uli - ku lamala kapena tubular, muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa kapu. Mzere wosanjikiza uli ndi mbale zambiri.
Mipikisano ikukula mu Julayi, maonekedwe awo ambiri akulembedwa mu August ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Kwenikweni, zonsezi ndizodya, koma mbali yochepa chabe siyiyenerera chakudya chifukwa cha kufooka koopsa kapena kukoma kosangalatsa. Oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe atsopano ndi ozifutsa. Amaphatikizapo m'gulu lachitatu la bowa zomwe zimadyetsedwa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo bowa la kukoma. Ena amagawidwa m'munsimu chifukwa sakuimira zakudya.
Ambiri angakhale ndi chidwi ndi funsoli, kodi Russula ikukula pansi pa mtengo wanji? Chowonadi n'chakuti bowawa ndi zomera za mycorrhiza zokhala ndi mizu. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pansi pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: mitengo ya thundu, birch, alder, komanso pansi pa mapiritsi ndi mapiritsi. Mipukutu imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, makamaka mavitamini - mu 1 makilogalamu a bowa pamenepo muli 264 mg vitamini B ndi 6 mg wa vitamini PP.
Mukudziwa? Chakudya chabwino chimatengedwa ngati russula, yomwe imakhala mtundu wobiriwira, wabuluu, wachikasu komanso wofiira.
Mitundu ya syroezhek (ndi zithunzi)
Mchikhalidwe cha Eurasia, Australia, East Asia ndi America, kawirikawiri m'mapiri a coniferous and deciduous, pali mitundu yoposa 275 ya zovuta, timafotokozera mwachidule zowonjezereka.
Mukudziwa? Popeza kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya syrups n'kopanda phindu, nthawi zina kusanthula mankhwala kapena umboni wochuluka zingakhale zofunikira kuti mudziwe molondola mtundu wa bowa.
Kudya Russula
Podgodzdok woyera (zouma zouma). Zikuwonekera kuyambira July mpaka October mu nkhalango zowonongeka. Amadziwika ndi kapu yoyera, nthawi zina ndi mapepala achikasu ndi m'mphepete mwachabe. Mmene kapu imapangidwira imasiyanasiyana kuchoka kumalo osambira. Mphindi yochepa, yopepuka, yoyera kapena yofiira pang'ono. Mu cookery, youma supu okonzekera soups, yokazinga mbale, kuzifutsa. Kukoma kwake ndi kosauka.
Russula yachikasu. Amamera m'madzi a birch ndi a birch-pin. Nthawi yowonekera ndi July - Oktoba. Kumayambiriro kumeneku muli chipewa chachikasu chakumtunda. Patapita nthawi, imasintha n'kukhala phokoso komanso phokoso. Kufikira pamtunda wa masentimita 5-10. Mbali yodziwika ndi khungu lofiira pamphepete mwa kapu. Miyendo ndi yoyera. Ma mbalewo ndi oyera, ndipo nthawi imakhala yofiira ndi imvi. Russula yachikasu imayikidwa ngati gulu lachitatu la bowa wodyetsedwa. Ili ndi kukoma kokoma, kosakhala kanseru. Amanyeketsa mwatsopano komanso mchere.
Russula buluu. Nkhumba, yomwe imapezeka m'nkhalango zam'madzi. Hat ndi pakati pa 3-10 masentimita ndi utoto wabuluu. Mtunduwo ndi wosayenerera: ukhoza kukhala wofiira-wakuda mkati, kuunika mpaka kumapeto. Msola ndi woyera, masentimita 3-5.
Russula wobiriwira. Mzinda wokhala ndi nkhalango zowonongeka. Zitha kuzindikiridwa ndi bonnet yonyezimira ya chikasu mpaka masentimita 10. Ngakhale kuti maonekedwe ake osakondweretsa komanso osakondweretsa, bowa ali ndi kukoma kokoma. Ndi mchere, wokazinga ndi wophika.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mumadabwa ndi bowa chakupha mungathe kusokoneza Russula wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira. Komabe, syroezhek palibe mwendo pa mwendo ndi kuphulika pansi.
Chakudya cha Russula. Chipewa cha russula iyi ili ndi mtundu wokongola ndi wokongola - wofiira ndi mawanga ofiira. Msola wake ndi wosalala, woyera. Ikubwera mu Julayi - September. Amakula makamaka m'nkhalango zakuda.
Fried Russula. Zikuwoneka kumapeto kwa chilimwe - magulu oyambirira autumn m'nkhalango zakuda. Ili ndi phokoso lakuda lakuda ndi lofiira pafupi ndi pakati. Msola ndi woyera ndi zofiira zofiirira m'munsi.
Marsh Russula. Dzina lake limachokera ku mfundo yakuti nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'madera othamanga, m'nkhalango zamapine. Kumene kuli mtunda wa russula, nthawi zambiri imakhala yonyowa komanso yonyowa. Amakula kuyambira June mpaka September. Paunyamata ali ndi chipewa chokwanira, m'tsogolomu amatha. Ndizojambula zofiira, pafupi ndi pakati - bulauni. Msola ndi woyera, umabwera ndi mthunzi wa pinki. Bowa ndi zokoma, zoyenera kuwira, kutentha, pickling ndi salting.
Green Russula. Amakula mpaka m'nyengo yozizira mpaka mwezi wa October. Amakhala m'nkhalango zovuta komanso zosakanikirana, nthawi zambiri pansi pa mitengo ya birch. Ili ndi kapu yaikulu - mpaka masentimita 15. Mu fungus young syroezhek ndi hemispherical, ndipo nthawi imapita convex kapena pansi. Zojambulajambula zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira. Pophika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira, kutentha ndi salting pambuyo blanching.
Russula wobiriwira ndi wofiira. Zimayamba kukula pakati pa chilimwe. Zikuwoneka ndi chombo chachikulu chogwedezeka mpaka masentimita 20 a mitundu yowala: wofiira, wachikasu, wofiirira. Phazi liri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 3-12 ndi madigiri a masentimita 4, yoyera, nthawizina ndi pinki ya pinki.
Russula wachikasu. Nkhumba za mitundu iyi zikhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuyambira July mpaka October. Nkhono za mitundu iyi mu mawonekedwe okhwima bwino ndi ozungulira wobiriwira kapena wofiirira. Msola uli wandiweyani, makamaka woyera, koma ukhoza kukhala wofiira ndi wofiirira. Nkhumba zimakonda zabwino. Ndilo gawo lachitatu.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe zimabweretsedwera mitukuwonekedwe zikuwoneka ngati. Palinso gulu la bowa zomwe zimadya, zomwe zingakhale ndi zokoma zosakondweretsa, zosayenera kuziphika, koma zoyenera kuzikamo. Zakudya zowonjezera zimaphatikizapo: russule bulauni, mtsikana, ocher, golide wachikasu, wokongola, wakuda podgruzkakh, podgruzdok woyera, wakuda podgruzdok, walui, gray grayule ndi ena.
Kenako tidzakhala tikudziwana bwino ndi oimira a m'banja lathu.
Zosamveka bwino
Nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kupanga malo oti palibe mankhwala otentha syroezek mwachindunji cha mawuwo. Chigawo cha inedible chimaphatikizapo bowa zomwe zimakhala ndi zowawa, zokhala ndi poizoni, pakati pawo zikhoza kukhala zoopsa pang'ono kapena zowononga, zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa mankhwala m'kamwa, zovuta za m'mimba zikadzalowa. Ambiri mwa iwo amakhala ndi zizindikiro zakunja zofanana ndi abale odyetsedwa, chifukwa cha izi amatchedwa abodza russula. Bowa losakhala ndi poizoni muli: russula birch, yofiira, pinki, Kele, yowopsya, yosavuta, yambirimbiri ndi ena.
Birch Russula. Zikhoti za russula iyi ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala ndi mithunzi: zofiira, pinki, zofiirira, imvi. Mafomu mycosis ndi birch mizu. Ikuchitika kuyambira June mpaka November.
Russula wofiira. Amamera m'nkhalango zamapine kumapeto kwa chirimwe - kumayambiriro kwa September. Chipewa cha bowa ichi ndi chaching'ono - mpaka 6 masentimita, chophatikizira, chofiira chofiira. Mtundu uwu umamveka bwino ndipo uli ndi kukoma kwachisomo.
Pink Russula. Ngakhalenso mitundu yapitayi, imapezeka m'nkhalango zapine m'mwezi wa August-September. Chipewa chake pachiyambi cha chitukuko chiri ndi mawonekedwe okhwima, kenako chimakhala choweramitsa. Zithunzi mu pinki. Russula kulawa kowawa.
Kele Russula. Ili ndi kapu yaing'ono 3-8 masentimita. Pazigawo zosiyana za chitukuko, zimasintha mawonekedwe: zimachokera kuzing'ono zozungulira kuti zitha kugwedezeka. Mtundu wa mithunzi yake yamdima - wofiira, wofiirira, burgundy. Lembani utoto wofiira. Kukoma kwa russula iyi ndi pungent, fungo ili losangalatsa.
Russula akuwombera. Nthawi zambiri amakula m'magulu osiyanasiyana m'nkhalango. Chipewa chake ndi 3-5 masentimita, chophweka-chowerama ndi khungu lofiira. Pamphepete mwa khungu kuli kofiira kofiira, kofiirira pakati, wofiira ndi azitona tinge. Mnofu ndi wonyezimira, wokometsetsa ku kukoma.
Nkhuku zodyedwa ndizoopsa za Mayr ndi russule ya moto.
Mayra a Russula. Russula ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri, kufotokozera mwachidule kukuthandizani kuzindikira pamene mukukumana ndi kudutsa. Choyamba, ndi chipewa chofiira. Poyamba maonekedwe ake, amakhala opanikizika, osokonezeka pang'ono. Msola ndi woyera, ukhoza kukhala wofiirira kapena wachikasu m'munsi. Amakula m'nkhalango za beech. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito poizoni wofatsa.
Russula ikuyaka. Amakhala m'mapiri a nkhalango zamchere. Amadziwika ndi kapu yofiira kapena yofiira-pinki yokhala ndi masentimita 10, masentimita ophatikizira, ndipo kenako amawonekera. Ili ndi kukoma kosangalatsa kosangalatsa komanso kununkhiza kosangalatsa.
Mmene mungasiyanitse zakudya ndi zosafunika
Sankhani ngati Russula bowa pamaso panu - amadya kapena ayi, akhoza kukhala pazifukwa zingapo. Choncho, chifukwa chosaoneka bwino, thupi lofiira, pinki lakumapeto kwa mwendo, palibe kuwonongeka kwa mphutsi, mbale zopanda pake, filimu kapena mwendo pa mwendo. Mitundu yonse yosakhala yodetsedwa ya syrozhek, monga lamulo (koma osati nthawizonse), khalani ndi mtundu wowala komanso fungo losasangalatsa. Pamene kudula ndi kutentha thupi kumasintha mtundu.
Ndikofunikira! Zizindikirozi zilipo m'mabuku ena amodzi.
Muyenera kukhala osamala kuti musasokoneze russula yobiriwira ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe ali ofanana. Nazi kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ndi mtundu wa miyendo ndi makapu omwe mungawathandize.
Mwendo. Mu russula izo ndi zolunjika, zikhoza kukhala zochepetsedwa pansi, zoyera. Muzitsamba zam'madzi, zimakhuthala m'munsi mwa mawonekedwe a tuber, ali ndi mphete ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira zamtundu ndi zowona.
Hat. Grebe ya Pale ili ndi filimu pansi pa kapu.
Ndikofunikira! Zitsamba zakale zakale sizikhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe a bowa woopsa - mphete pamlendo.
Chithandizo choyamba cha poizoni wa bowa
Ngakhale, monga momwe talembera kale, russulae sakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ku thanzi laumunthu, komatu, ngakhale poizoni wochepa, kudyetsa bowa woopsa kumafuna thandizo lachangu. Pankhani ya kukangana, pakamwa pakatsuka kumafunika, mwinamwake kumapangitsa kusanza ndi kupweteka m'mimba. Pakakhala poizoni kwambiri ndi bowa woopsa, kuwonongeka kwa m'mimba, matenda a mtima, CNS, chiwindi ndi impso zikhoza kuchitika. Ndikofunika kuthandiza ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni. Mwachitsanzo, monga chithandizo cha zilonda zopangidwa ndi toadstool, zomwe zimachitika tsiku lachiwiri, zidzakhala zachabechabe.
Fungasi zosiyanasiyana zowopsa zimapanga zotsatira zapadera pamene zimatengedwa mkati, koma zimakhala ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, ndi kupweteka m'mimba. Zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni zingathe kuchitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi bowa. Mwachitsanzo, poizoni ndi chovala chofiira chidzadziwonetsera mkati mwa maola 8-18, ndi mizere - pambuyo pa maola 6-10, ndi ma agarics a ntchentche - pambuyo pa mphindi 30 kapena maola 2-6, ndi bowa wonyenga - pambuyo pa maola 1-6. Kuchotsa poizoni kuchokera m'thupi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kusanza. Chifukwa chake, kumwa kapu ya madzi ofunda ndi supuni 1 ya mchere kapena supuni 1 ya mpiru. Mukhozanso kuyambitsa kusanza mwakumwa madzi ambiri ozizira, ndikukakamiza zala ziwiri pazu wa lilime.
Onetsetsani kusamba m'mimba. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito makala omangidwa (mapiritsi 1-2 pa 1 kg ya kulemera). Monga momwe mukuonera, mitundu yambiri ya maukwati ndi ambiri. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa zakudya ndi zosavuta. Nthawi zina ngakhale makhalidwe monga mtundu, fungo ndi kulawa sangathe kuthandizira. Kumbukirani: pokhapokha ngati bowa ndi yabwino kapena yoopsa patsogolo panu, ndibwino kuti muchotse.
