Kukula mpendadzuwa sikungakhale kovuta ngati mutsatira zina mwa njira zokulira.
Kusankha mbewu za mpendadzuwa
Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ya mpendadzuwa ndi zomwe zimachokera. Mukamasankha mitundu inayake, wina ayenera kuwongoleredwa ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pamaphukusi aliwonse. Iyenera kuthandizidwa makamaka kuti mbewuyo ikukula, popeza kutalika kwake kumasiyana 30 cm mpaka 4.6 mita. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti imatha kukula ngati tsinde limodzi kapena ngati nthambi zamaluwa.
Mukamasankha mbewu, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuti sizinakidwe komanso kukhala ndi zokutira zofunika.
Kukonzekera ndi kubzala mbewu za mpendadzuwa
Asanabzalire mbeu m'nthaka, nthawi yoyamba zimamera panyumba. Kuti muchite izi, tengani thaulo (makamaka pepala) ndikunyowa kuti ikhale yonyowa. Kenako gawani pakati, ikani nthiti imodzi, ndikuphimba yachiwiri.
Zonsezi zimayikidwa m'thumba la pulasitiki, lomwe limasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda pa t pamwamba pa +10 ° C, nthawi zina limayang'aniridwa kupezeka kwa zikumera komanso nthawi yomweyo kuyang'anira chinyontho cha thaulo. Nthawi ya kukula ndi masiku awiri.
Ngati mbewuyo sinaphuke pakapita masiku atatu, ndiye kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito ma tonneel, chotsani m'mphepete mwa mbewuyo ndikusiya kwakanthawi.
Komabe, mutha kuchita popanda kumera, kungodzigwetsa pansi, koma kuthekera kwa kutuluka kudzakhala kotsika.
Asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, mbewu, kuti zisadyedwe, zimagwiridwa ndi njira zapadera motsutsana ndi makoswe, okonzeka ndi manja awo kapena pogula.
Mutha kukonzekera osakaniza nokha motere: 100 g ya adyo, kuwaza ndi kusakaniza ndi anyezi mankhwalawa, kuwonjezera malita 2 a madzi otentha ndikusiya maola 24. Zitatha izi, kanizani nsapato yokonzedwa bwino ndikutsitsa nthangala zokonzedwazo munthawi yomweyo.
Zochita zonse ziyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Kukonzekera dothi mpendadzuwa
Chomera sichosankha m'nthaka, chonde kwambiri komanso chosiyana kwambiri. Zoyambilira zimaphatikizapo chernozem, dothi la chestnut, kuzungulira ndi pH ya 5-6. Mtundu wachiwiri umaphatikizapo miyala yamchenga, komanso madambo okhala ndi pH ya 4 kapena kutsikira.
Malo abwino adzakhala malo omwe chimanga, kabichi, mbewu zachisanu chisanabzalidwe. Malo pambuyo pa tomato ndi ma beets a shuga siabwino, chifukwa amakhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, yemwe ali ndi vuto pa mpendadzuwa.
Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti komwe mpendadzuwa udakula, osavomerezeka kuti uwokezenso kwa zaka 7 pofuna kuti nthawi dothi ichotse. Kuti muchite izi, mudzala nandolo, nyemba, masika, zomwe zimathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino.
Mu nthawi yophukira, feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous (potaziyamu sulfate, superphosphate) amawonjezeredwa kunthaka ndipo amakumba mosamala.
Oyenera oyandikana nawo mpendadzuwa
Chimanga chimatha kukhala mnansi wodabwitsa, popeza mizu yake ili pamlingo wina m'nthaka, chifukwa chake kulimbana kwa michere ndi madzi sikungakhaleko. Dzungu, soya, nkhaka, letesi ndi nyemba zikhala bwino, koma zoyipa - mbatata, tomato.
Kubzala mbewu za mpendadzuwa poyera
Kufesa kumayamba kubala mkatikati mwa Meyi. Kuti muchite izi, mothandizidwa ndi khasu, maenje amapangidwa m'malo osankhidwa ndi akuya masentimita 5-7 ndi kupingasa kwa 15 cm, koma amathanso kutalikirana, popeza kutalika kwakutali pakati pa mbande, milifupi yanu imakula. Mbewu 2-3 zimatsitsidwa m'mabowo ndikudzazidwa ndi dothi, ndipo dothi liyenera kupukutidwa.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: chisamaliro chomera
Kuti mukolole bwino, ndikofunikira kuti muzisamalira mbewu moyenerera. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa dongosolo la kuthirira, kulima dothi, kuchotsa maudzu. Tchera khutu ku garter, chifukwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu tsinde limatha kuthyoka, ndipo chiwopsezo ichi chitha.
Kudyetsa nthawi zonse za chitukuko ndikofunikira. Koyamba muyenera kudyetsa chomera patatha masiku 14 kuchokera ku mphukira ndi ma feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni (mwachitsanzo, urea). Izi zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa tsinde, masamba.
Kenako, patatha masiku 14 mpaka 21, kuvala kwina kwapamwamba kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu. Chifukwa cha izi, zipewa zidzakhala zodzaza ndi mbewu. Ngati mupita kutali kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nayitrogeni, panthawiyi, ndiye kuti mutha kukhalabe opanda mbewu.
Chovala chotsatira chapamwamba chimachitika pambuyo pa masiku 21 pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous ndikusakaniza ndi potashi.
Malamulo Othirira
Makamaka chidwi ayenera kulipira kuthirira. Nthaka yomwe mbewuzo zidabzalidwa zimayenera kukhala zonyowa mpaka zikumera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira pang'ono patali ndi mbewu zokha (7.5-10 cm), popeza ndikadali ang'ono komanso opepuka ndipo potero kuthetseratu kutsikira kwawo kuchokera pansi, ndipo mizu yake imakhudzidwanso.
Chaka chilichonse chikamakula, kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Mizu ndi tsinde zikakula bwino, zidzakhala zokwanira kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata.
Komabe, nyengo zimayeneranso kukumbukiridwa: posakhala mvula kwa nthawi yayitali, kuthirira kuyenera kukwezedwa.
Kututa
Kukonzeka kwa mbeu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chinyezi cha mbewu. Pali magawo atatu a kucha:
- chikasu;
- zofiirira;
- kucha.
Kukula kwa bulauni, ndikothekanso kale kukolola (mulingo wa chinyezi udzakhala 15-20%).
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya agrotechnical ya kuyanika mbewu pampesa (desiccation), ndizotheka kuyambitsa kwambiri ntchito yakucha, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikufanana. Izi zimachitika nthawi yamaluwa itadutsa kale (chinyezi cha 30%).
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana (desiccants) kumalimbikitsidwa nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwamtundu wa +13 mpaka +20 ° C m'mawa kapena madzulo. Mutha kukolola pambuyo masiku 10 mutatha izi.
Mbewu zokolola zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri zimayeretsedwa ndikutsukidwa ndi zinyalala ndi mbewu zowonongeka.
Mukamatsatira malangizo onse ndikupanga zinthu zabwino, sizivuta kukula chikhalidwechi. Sizongokhala zokongoletsera zokongola mdziko muno, komanso zingakondweretse zokolola.
