Maluwa maluwa: mitundu ndi mitundu, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Rosa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba zamuyaya za banja la Rosaceae. Mitundu iyi imagwirizanitsa mitundu 40. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, pamakhalidwe a maluwa akale, ndikusankhidwa, mitundu yatsopano yambiri yawonekera, kubzala komwe kumalemeretsa maluwa.

Maluwa Maluwa

Chitsamba chimatha kukhala piramidi kapena kuphulika. Kutalika kuyambira 25 mpaka 90 cm, zimayambira za gulu lokwera maluwa kufika 8 m.

Tchire limapangidwa chifukwa cha mitundu iwiri ya mphukira: osatha mitengo yake yayikulu. Mwaofewa pachaka, wokutidwa ndi masamba petioles. Mitundu yonseyi imakhala ndi minga lakuthwa, kukula kwake ndi kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera maluwa osiyanasiyana.

Mphukira imakhala kumtunda kwa mphukira, kapena kutalika konse. Kukula kwa duwa kumayambira 2 mpaka 18 cm, mitundu itatu imatsimikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma petals:

• osakhala kawiri 5-8;
• theka terry 20;
• terry 70-128 cm.

Mitundu ina yamaluwa a maluwa a tiyi ya floribunda kapena ma hybrid apindika miyala yambiri, ena ambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe owongoka. Nthawi zina amadzaza kapena ndi mano m'mphepete.

Duwa limakondedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosavuta: yoyera, kirimu, chikasu, yofiira. Komanso multicolor: m'mphepete kapena mbali yakumbuyo ya petal imapendedwa mumtundu wina, ngakhale mikwingwirima ndi madontho amapezeka. Mwa kusankha, sizinathekebe kupeza mtundu umodzi wokha - wabuluu.

Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso losangalatsa; zipatso, zipatso ndi zonunkhira zimapezeka.

Amasiya ndi mano m'mphepete mwa cholengedwa chazitali kapena chozungulira. Pansi pake pali matte komanso gloss, ndipo mawonekedwe ake siangokhala obiriwira okha, komanso mawonekedwe amkuwa.

Mizu yamafupa imalowa pansi, yokutidwa ndi makungwa okhala ndi mainchesi 2-3. Palinso nthambi zazing'ono kwambiri, zomwe zimatchedwa - lobes.

Ulalo wolumikizira pakati pa gawo lobisika la chomera ndi masamba ake ndi masamba ndi khosi lozika, kukula kwake masentimita kutengera kuchuluka kwa kulowa pansi:

• kutalika kwa 10-15;
• pafupifupi 5-9;
• mwachidule 3-4.

Mtundu waminda yamaluwa

Kutengera ndi mbiri yakusankhidwa, maluwa a m'munda amagawidwa kukhala akale komanso amakono, omwe adakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa 1867.

Maluwa a mpesa

Gululi limakhala ndi maluwa omwe sanathenso kuoneka ngati duwa lakuthengo chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maonekedwe a maluwa amapendekeka kapena pafupi ndi mpira, kuchuluka kwa ma petals ndikakulu. Mtundu wake ndi wopepuka, pastel, womwe umakonda kwambiri ndi utoto. Mabasi amapangidwa wamtali, wokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Maluwa pa nyengo, monga lamulo, ndi osakwatiwa. Kupatula kumeneko ndikosasangalatsa komanso kaphokoso.

Zoyipa zamaluwa izi zimaphatikizapo kukana kofowoka kwa kutentha kochepa ndi mvula, masamba ndi ma petals amawonetsedwa. Amakhudzidwanso ndimatenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Chingerezi

Gululi nthawi zambiri limagawidwa mosiyana chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito konse. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuchokera ku Chingerezi chomwe chidamera m'mundamu, mutha kupanga chitsamba chokhwima komanso chophuka, mtengo wokhazikika kapena udzu. Zomera izi zimagwirizana ndi zovuta, kuzisamalira sizovuta. Madera ofiira amalekeredwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa dzuwa kwa maola 4-5.

Duwa looneka ngati chikho, lofanana ndi maluwa akale, lotengedwa kuchokera kumiyala yambiri. Mwa mitundu ina, kuchuluka kumafika mazana awiri. Tchire zambiri zimayambiranso maluwa. Ali ndi mafungo abwino kwambiri komanso osangalatsa a mure, musk ndi zipatso.

Otchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu itatu:

• Abraham Derby;
• A Benjamin Britten;
• William Shakespeare.

Maluwa amakono

Maluwa onse amakono m'munda amagawidwa m'magulu omwe akuyenera kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Tiyi ya haibridi

Mawonekedwe opatsa chidwi: maluwa akulu 10-14 cm, okongola mwanjira yamagalasi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya terry 25-35, ndi zidutswa 50-60. Ma piligine ngotalika. Kapangidwe ka masamba kumachitika mu Juni-Julayi, patadutsa milungu iwiri, ndipo funde lachiwiri la mapangidwe limapitilira mpaka kugwa. Mtundu wowoneka bwino umakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuwala kununkhira kokwanira.

Kutalika kwa tchire lapakatikati ndi 60-70 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa 80-100 cm. Kusiyana kosamalidwa ndikovomerezeka pogona kumapeto.

Mitundu yodziwika ya maluwa a tiyi osakanizidwa:

• Mr. Lincoln;
• Lucky Piece;
• Kusangalala Kawiri
• Alexander

Floribunda

Mtunduwu ndi wosakanizidwa womwe umapezeka podutsa maluwa akuluakulu. Mphukira zazing'ono komanso zosonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence zazikulu zimawonekera nthawi yotentha. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa.

Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumakhala zimphona za 80-100 masentimita, zokulirapo ngati mipanda, ndipo osatsitsidwa osaposa 40-55 masentimita, omwe agawidwa pagulu limodzi - maluwa, patos (miniflora), omwe ndi chikhalidwe chokongoletsa bwalo.

Yoyenerera kupanga malire ndikuwoneka bwino m'magulu akulu obzala. Mulole bwino nyengo yamvula, yolimbana ndi matenda ambiri.

Oimira onunkhira kwambiri:

• Kugwedeza Buluu;
• Kukondwerera Kwazipatso;
• Wopanga Zopanga

Grandiflora

Maluwa akulu, adawonekera pakudutsa tiyi wosakanizidwa ndi maluwa a maluwa a maluwa. Chifukwa chopanga mphukira zazitali, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula. Amatha kuphuka mosalekeza kwa miyezi ingapo, ndichifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokongoletsa.

Oimira otchuka ndi awa: Mfumukazi Elizabeth Rose ndi Sonja.

Komabe, m'maiko ambiri aku Europe gulu ili silizindikiridwa mwalamulo ndipo mitundu yake imawerengedwa ngati maluwa a floribunda.

Miniature

Maluwa amtunduwu amafanana kwambiri ndi polyanthus. Ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tating'ono nthawi zambiri tating'ono, kutalika kwa 30 cm. Masamba osakwatiwa kapena osonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence. Utoto umasiyana, nthawi zambiri umakhala wowoneka bwino. Kukana chisanu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Maluwa amapitilira chilimwe chonse.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera pamakhonde, amakulira m'miphika ndi m'mbale. Mundawo umawoneka bwino kutsogolo kwa mabedi amaluwa, ngati malire komanso ophatikizidwa ndi maluwa amtali.

Zoyala

Dzina lina ndilolimba. Tchire zazikulu komanso zotumphukira kutalika kwa 200-250 masentimita. Maluwa ndi akulu, ophatikizika kawiri kapena maluwa osavuta ofanana ndi m'chiuno cha rose. Fungo lake limakhala ndi tiyi, musky ndi zipatso.

Gulu la zikwangwani limaphatikizapo maluwa aku Canada ndi Austin. Kukana nyengo ndi matenda aliwonse. Amapirira nyengo yachisanu bwino, amakhala odzikuza pochoka.

Polyanthus

Gulu ili lidawonekera ku France. Ma inflorescence amapezeka kumapeto kwa mphukira ndipo amakhala ndi masamba ochepa kuchokera 20 mpaka 60 zidutswa. Tchire limakhala lalikulu masentimita 40-60, yaying'ono, yosasamala.

Maluwa a Polyanthus ali ndi zabwino zokwanira zingapo:

• kusowa kwa minga;
• mphamvu yayikulu, yobwezeretsedwa mosavuta kuchokera ku muzu;
• kulekerera kuzizira ndi tizilombo;
• maluwa amasungidwa mwatsopano komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwa nthawi yayitali masiku 10 mpaka 14;
• imatha kumera nthangala;
• Imalekerera chinyezi chambiri;
• Amamva bwino pamtunda wamtunda.

Zoyimbira zoluka

Mitundu yambiri ya gululi ndi ma hybrids a Vishurian. Gawo lalitali masentimita 200 mpaka 1500. Maluwa ndi ochepa masentimita 2-3,5, komabe, amatoleredwa m'm inflorescence yayikulu. Yoyenera kukongoletsa mipanda, kupanga hedges, masking zolakwa.

Ali ndi kuzungulira kwazaka ziwiri zachitukuko. M'chaka choyamba, zitsamba zazitali zazitali zimachokera ku dothi, mchaka chachiwiri, mphukira zokhala ndi masamba zimawonekera pakati pawo ndi kumtunda. M'nyengo zotsatirazi, zotupa zazing'onoting'ono zimamera pansi ndi m'malo otsika a nthambi chaka chatha.

Tiyi

Dzinali linaperekedwa chifukwa cha kafungo kabwino kamaluwa awa. Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso mithunzi yowoneka bwino ya petals, kuchuluka kwake kumafikira 60 zidutswa. Masamba ndi akulu mozungulira kapena lalitali, mawonekedwewo amatengera zosiyanasiyana. Pali zitsamba zonse zokhazikitsidwa 50 cm, ndipo zoluka 200 cm.

Choyipa chachikulu cha mtunduwu ndi kukana kwake kuzizira.

Zitsanzo za mitundu:

• Parade;
• Gloirede Dijon.

Chophimba pansi

Zomera zokwawa zamtunduwu zazing'ono maluwa ndi zitsinde zazitali zimachokera ku Rugosa ndi duwa lakutchire la Vihua. Chifukwa cha kudutsa kumeneku, mitundu ingapo ya chivundikiro chinaoneka:

• Yochepa masentimita 45 ndi sing'anga kuchokera 50 cm.
• Chachikulu kwambiri masentimita 100 ndi kutalika kwaku 110 masentimita okhala ndi mphukira.

Zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, zina zimakhala ndi malo okhala okwanira, ndipo nthawi yambiri chisanu chimakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Mukamasiya odzikuza, muzu mizu.

Paki

Mapaki a Park - zitsamba zazitali 150 cm, zokhala ndi masamba owonda. Mitundu yambiri imalephera chisanu ndipo ndi yabwino zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira. Maluwa koyambirira kwa Juni.

Maluwa maluwa - malamulo oyambilira a kulima ndi kusamalira

Chomera chilichonse chimakonda ndipo palinso mawonekedwe posamalira maluwa. Chimodzi mwazinsinsi zofunikira kuti mudzalime bwino ndi malo oyenera kubzala. Maluwa amakonda malo opepuka otetezedwa ku mphepo. Tchire siliyenera kukhala lalitali kwambiri padzuwa, makamaka kwa mitundu yamtambo yakuda yomwe imatentha mosavuta.

Kutentha kwambiri ndi +18 ... +25 ° C, pamtengo wabwino mtengowo uzilandira kuwotcha kwambale, ndipo maluwa adzauma.

Chotsatira, muyenera kudula bwino, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa chomera, malamulo oyimilira awa azikambirana pansipa.

Nthaka ndi mulching

Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi humus, lotayirira, yolowanso chinyezi ndi mpweya. Kuchepa kwa oxygen kumakhudza kwambiri mizu. Dothi liyenera kukhala acidic pH 6.0-6.5, chifukwa madera omwe kuli ozizira, alkaline pH 7.0 ndi bwino. Kuonjezera acidity, kuwonjezera peat kapena organics, mwachitsanzo, manyowa.

Mtunda wosayenera - chithaphwi komanso chonyowa kwambiri, chinyezi chochulukirapo chimatsogolera ku kuvunda kwa mizu ndi kufa.

Pakati pa tchire la udzu, mutha kubzala mbewu pachikuto kapena udzu, womwe umakhala wabwino kwambiri mulching zakutchire, ndikupatsa dothi friability. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tchipisi tamatabwa kapena zokutira.

Kuswana

Kuberekanso tchire kumachitika m'njira yamasamba. Pokwera ndi mitundu yayikulu, kuzika kwamizu yokhala njira yabwino kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, mumasankha mphukira yolimba kwambiri, pomwe pamapangika masentimita 8. Kenako, tsinde limalumikizidwa ndi zikhomo pansi ndikuwazidwa ndi dothi. Nyengo yotsatira ikhoza kulekanitsidwa ndikusanjidwa.

Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito kudula. Kuti muchite izi, kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, sankhani zitsinde mwamphamvu popanda kuwonongeka ndikuwadula zidutswa za 15-20 cm. Ma sheet amasamba amachotsedwa kapena kufupikitsidwa. Mbande zakonzedwa zitha kuyikidwa mu dzenje lopangidwa pansi, ndikuwaza ndi dothi lotayirira pakona. Pamwamba ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena mtsuko wagalasi.

Kasupe wotsatira, wodulidwa mizu akhoza kuikidwa mu bedi la maluwa wokhala ndi dothi lotayirira.

Kuumba ndi kudula

Malinga ndi ntchito zomwe wakumana nazo wakwanayo, pali mitundu 5 ya kudulira:

• zopangika;
• zaukhondo;
• pa maluwa;
• kuwonda;
• odana ndi ukalamba.

Chitsamba chobzalidwa masabata 2-3 patadutsa masinthidwe m'malo atsopano chitha kuyamba kukula kwa mphukira. Kuyambira lero, mutha kupanga chomera. Potsogola kwambiri pazinthu zina kuchokera pamwamba ziyenera kukhomekedwa. Muyenera kuchita izi pambuyo pakupezeka kwa ma shiti 4. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuyerekezera kwamtchire kumatheka. Kuwongolera kwa mawonekedwe kuyenera kupitilira mpaka Ogasiti, ndikupereka mwayi wophuka. Kudulira koyamba nthawi zonse kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika, ngakhale duwa libzalidwe mu nthawi ya kugwa.

Zaukhondo zimachitika pambuyo poti kutseguka tchire kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe komanso nthawi yoyandikira. Zomera zonse zomwe zimapanga chisanu kapena zosapanga bwino zimadulidwa. Komabe, m'dzinja ndikofunikira kusiya mphukira motalika, izi zithandiza kuti ziwapulumutse kuimfa pa kutentha kochepa.

M'matanthwe ena, mphukira zokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono zimayamba kuwonekera malo ogulitsa, uku ndi kutulutsa kwamtchire. Iyenera kudulidwa kumapeto kwa khosi, ndikuyeretsa pansi.

Maluwa ofota amayeretsedwa, izi zimathandizira kuti muzikhala mawonekedwe abwino. Muyenera kudula masamba oposa 2-3 ndi duwa lotukuka, mtunda kuchokera pamenepo uyenera kukhala 0,5-0.8 masentimita. Pamapeto kwa chilimwe, ma peduncle owuma samadula. Kuchotsa kwawo kungayambitse kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, zomwe sizinakonzekere bwino nthawi yozizira.

Kudula kwamalimwe kumatha kudula masamba onse ofowoka ndi amafuta omwe amapanga chitsamba chowirira. Mbewu yokhala ndi nthambi zowonda zambiri imakhala yosavuta ngati tizirombo. Wakhungu wopanda masamba amafunikiranso kufupikitsidwa, kusiya masamba 4-5 a masamba.

Njira zothandizira kukalamba ndizofunikira kuti zitsamba zachikulire zitheke moyo wawo m'mundamo. Zomera zimafunika kudulira kwambiri, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika m'magawo angapo kuti chitsamba chizitha kusinthika isanagwe. Ndikofunikanso kukumba ndi kudula mbali zouma za zimayambira.

Kuthirira

Munthu wamkulu akamakula amafunika madzi ambiri. Komabe, pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yakukula, kufunika kwa chitsamba mu madzi sikungofanana. Kufunika kwakukulu kwamadzi kumera pakaphukira mphukira, mawonekedwe a masamba ndi pambuyo poyamba maluwa. Pazomera chimodzi, malita 15-20 amafunikira, ndipo kutentha, kuthirira kuyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka 2 pa sabata. Kuperewera kwa chinyontho kumakhudza kwambiri zimayambira ndipo, makamaka, maluwa, adzazirala ndikukula.

Madzi ayenera kukhala otentha, mizu ya maluwa samalekerera kuzizira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuthira madzi osungunuka kuchokera kuthilira ndikutsitsa pang'ono mkatikati mwa chomera, mosamala kuti masamba asakhale. Musanyowetse nthaka potentha, komanso gwiritsani ntchito payipi.

Kuyambira mu Seputembala, kutsirira kumafunika kuchepetsedwa. Madzi ambiri panthawi imeneyi amalimbikitsa mbewu kuti zimere mphukira zatsopano, zomwe sizikhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera bwino nyengo yachisanu ndikufa. Chifukwa chake, olima maluwa ambiri amasiya chinyontho m'nthaka nthawi imeneyi. Komabe, ngati nyengo ili youma komanso yopanda mvula, kuchepa kwamadzi kumayenera kulipiriridwa pamlingo wa malita 10-12 pachitsamba kamodzi pa sabata. Izi zithandiza kuti mizu isunge madzi nthawi yachisanu.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kuti mbewu ikule ndikukula bwino, muyenera kusintha feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere. Amawonetsedwa m'nthaka yothira bwino, kuchoka pakhosi loyambira la masentimita 10-15. Pambuyo pakugawa, kuthirira kwina kumachitika.

Tchire zazing'ono komanso zokhwima zimadyetsa mosiyanasiyana. M'chaka choyamba chodzala, feteleza amafunika kuyikamo zing'onozing'ono katatu pachaka chimodzi. Njira zopitilira pafupipafupi 5-6 zitha kuchitika mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa rose.

Magwero okhala ndi zinthu zazikuru zambiri:

• Manyowa owota amathanso kusakanikirana ndi peat powerengetsa 2: 1. Imawola pang'onopang'ono, ndikudzaza dothi.
• Madontho a mbalame: Wothira feteleza wogwira ntchito mwachangu yemwe ali ndi nayitrogeni. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pamlingo wa 1:10. Zidebe zokhala ndi yankho zidzakhala zokwanira ma tchire 2-3.
• Phulusa. Amapanga nthaka yamchere.
• Kompositi mumagawo ena a mbewu zina.

Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga michere ya maluwa zimaperekedwa patebulo:

Mulingo wambiri wazakudya zomwe michere imayenera kulandira mchaka cha kukula pakukhazikika. Pofuna kuti musalakwitse ndi kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe apamwamba, muyenera kuthira manyowa m'magawo 5 molingana ndi chiwembuchi:

Zinthu zomwe zapangidwazo zimakhazikitsidwa pamtsuko wamadzi.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Kukula maluwa ndikukuteteza kwa matenda kapena tizirombo munthawi yake. Kuyendera kuyenera kuchitika osachepera 1-2 m'masiku 7. Izi zikuthandizani kuzindikira vutoli koyambirira ndikuletsa imfa ya rose.

Madera onse owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa, safunikira kutumizidwa kompositi, ndibwino kutaya kapena kuwotcha.

Ngati kudulira kwaukhondo sikunathandize, fungicides iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Abiga-Peak, Topaz, Skor. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe. Kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa kutsekera kwa chomera ndikupeza mankhwala oyenera chithandizira tebulo:

Matenda onse amakhudza maonekedwe okongoletsa a maluwa ndi kuuma kwawo kwa dzinja.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Pogona pa maluwa ndi njira yofunika komanso yofunika kuchitira, chifukwa kukonzekera chomera kumayamba ngakhale nyengo isanazizire. Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti, zomwe wofesayo ayenera kuchita ndikuti ayimitse kukula. Kuti muchite izi, muchepetse kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba, mvula ikakoka polyethylene pamtchire. Momwe akukula mphukira kutsina.

Kutentha kukatsika mpaka 0 ° C, maluwa amasiya kukula ndikusunga michere. Kuuma kwachilengedwe kumachitika, kotero musatseke mbewuzo koyambirira.

Gawo lomaliza lokonzekera ndi kuyamba kwa Novembala. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba otsalawo ndi kudula tchire kutalika kwa 40-45 cm. Pambuyo pake, mudzaze ndi kutentha: zouma zouma, makamaka zophatikizika, pamlingo wa zidebe zitatu pachitsamba chilichonse. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito peat, mutasakaniza ndi mchenga, nthambi zodziyimira kapena kungoyala ndi dothi lapansi.

Nthawi zina nyumba zosungiramo nyumba zopanga 50-60 masentimita zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera pazitsulo kapena mapaipi ndi zinthu zounikira. Komabe, mtundu uwu wa kutchingira tchire suyenera malo oyaka.

Maluwa ndi zitsamba za kukongola kwapadera, zoyimiriridwa ndi mawonekedwe, mitundu ndi mitundu. Kusamalira moyenera ndikuyang'anira mosamala malangizowo, ngakhale woyambitsa kumene angapangitse nyimbo zosiyanasiyana m'mundamo ndi mbewuzi.