Phwetekere "cosmonaut volkov" anabala I.N. Maslov - injiniya mu teknoloji yamlengalenga, yemwe, atatsiriza ntchito yake yaikulu, anayamba kugwira nawo ntchito yolima tomato. Njira ya Maslov inaloledwa kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi makilogalamu 70 a tomato ku chitsamba chimodzi.
Makhalidwe ndi zosiyana za zosiyanasiyana
Phwetekere "Cosmonaut Volkov" ili ndi wapadera kwambiri ndi zodabwitsa katundu. Tikukufotokozerani mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu yosiyana ya tomato.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere ndi mitundu monga "Katya", "Tretyakovsky", "Pink Honey" ndi "Cardinal".
Kufotokozera tchire
Phwetekere chitsamba - indeterminate (ali ndi malire kukula, ndi nyengo yabwino akhoza kukula kwambiri). Chitsamba chili ndi mphamvu, mpaka mamita awiri, choncho chiyenera kudulidwa ngati kuli kotheka.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso za tomato zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi:
- mawonekedwe okongola;
- atakwera kuzungulira tsinde;
- Mtundu: kuyendayenda kwa mandimu, malalanje ndi mitundu yofiira;
- Nyama, khala ndi kukoma kokoma;
- kulemera: 200-400 g (mosamala bwino kufika 600 g).
Mukudziwa? Zosiyanazi zimatchedwa ndi wolemba kulemekeza wokondedwa wake wakufa - cosmonaut Volkov.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Nyamayi iliyonse imakhala ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, malingana ndi mtundu komanso njira zogwirira ntchito. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa ubwino wonse ndi zamanyazi a Cosmonaut Volkov tomato.
Zotsatira:
- Zokolola zambiri pa chitsamba ndi 4-6 makilogalamu;
- zabwino zipatso kukoma (zonunkhira, okoma, ndi pang'ono wowawasa);
- Zipatso zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda;
- kusamba kwakumayambiriro kwa masiku (120-125 masiku);
- tomato wamkulu (chipatso chimodzi chikulemera 300-400 g);
- akhoza kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha (m'madera ofunda adabzala pamtunda);
- chitsamba chosasamala ku nthaka;
- nyengo yokula (kukula ndi chitukuko) ili pafupi masiku 135;
- mpaka tomato 8 amaikidwa pa inflorescence iliyonse;
- Matimati ndi wambiri wogwiritsira ntchito, woyenera kutetezedwa, pasitala, madzi a phwetekere, saladi, komanso chokoma mwatsopano.
Mukudziwa? Tomato ali ndi thiamine - chinthu chokhacho chimene chimachititsa kuti thupi lonse likhale ndi mantha komanso amtima, komanso chigawo cha m'mimba.
Wotsatsa:
- Tomato ayenera kumangidwa (chifukwa cha zipatso zazikulu, zimayambira);
- chitsamba chimafuna kukanikiza (kuleka kukula);
- Kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kumafuna kuwala kwina;
- Mzere wochepa wa yosungirako tomato.
Mbande zokomera
Zosiyanasiyana za tomato "Cosmonaut Volkov" ndi wangwiro kukula mbande.
Kulima masiku
Nthanga za phwetekere ziyenera kubzalidwa mbande kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March kapena kumapeto kwa February. Kufika nthawi kumadalira nyengo ndi zochitika za dera lililonse. Ngati nyengo ikulola, mukhoza kubzala mbewu nthawiyi.
Mitengo ya tomato yamtundu wosiyanasiyana imaphatikizapo mitundu monga "Nyenyezi ya Siberia", "Gina", "Agogo", "Madeira", "Chozizwitsa Padziko Lapansi", "Crimson Miracle" ndi "Openwork F1".
Mphamvu ndi nthaka
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yachonde. Mukhoza kutenga chidebe cha mtundu uliwonse: mabokosi a matabwa, mapalasitiki a pulasitiki, ndi zina. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuteteza ngalande yoyenera, madzi sayenera kugwedezeka mu chidebe.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Musanadzalemo, zilowerereni mbeu za tomato pothetsa potassium permanganate kwa maola awiri kapena awiri. Njirayi imateteza chomera ku matenda a fungal, mwachitsanzo, "mwendo wakuda". Kwa abwenzi ndi omwe amawombera panthawi yake, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amalima mbewu ndi kukula kokondweretsa.
Ndikofunikira! Yang'anani mbewu kumera: imani mbeu mumadzi kwa mphindi 10-15. Mbeu zonse zomwe zimayandama pamwamba siziyenera kubzala, ziyenera kutayidwa.
Kufesa mbewu: chitsanzo ndi kuya
Kubzala nyemba kumapangidwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi 2x2 cm. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyala kwa mbeu ziyenera kukhala 1.5-2 masentimita. Mbeu zofesedwa zomwe zafesedwa ziyenera kusakanizidwa, zophimbidwa, kenako zophimbidwa ndi zojambulazo.
Kumera zinthu
Kubzala mwamsanga ndi okoma mtima mbewu zomwe zimadzala ndi zojambulazo. Bokosi lomwe liri ndi mbande zam'tsogolo ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo okongola, koma kuti dzuwa lisagwere mwachindunji. Sikoyenera kuthirira madzi, koma kuthirira madzi okwanira kuti atsitsimutse nthaka. Ndi malamulo onse, mphukira zoyamba ziyenera kuonekera masiku 5-6 mutabzala mbewu. Chinthu chachikulu - kusamalira bwino mbewu ndikutsatira ndondomeko yobzala.
Kusamalira mbande
Pambuyo pooneka mphukira yoyamba, filimuyi iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo chidebecho ndi mbande ziyenera kusuntha pafupi ndi dzuwa. Zipatso za phwetekere ziyenera kudyetsedwa (kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza phosphate feteleza) ndi madzi.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia, tomato adathokoza kwambiri Catherine II, mbuyeyo atalandira chipatso chachilendo monga mphatso yochokera kwa kazembe wa ku Russia.
Mbeu zovuta
Masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14) musanafike pansi, mbande zimayenera kuumitsa, ndiko kuti, kukonzekera kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Pochita izi, mbande zimasamutsira ku chipinda choziziritsa, choncho zimakhala zochepetsera kutentha, zomwe siziyenera kugwera m'munsimu +8 ° C. Kuumitsa kwa mbande pa drafts ndi pansi ndi dzuwa lachindunji laletsedwa.
Powuma, mbande ziyenera kuchitidwa mpweya wabwino, koma osapitirira mphindi 30. Ntchito yovuta ikhale yoyenera. Malingana ndi malamulo onse, chomeracho chidzatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -5 ° C Masiku angapo musanayambe kubzala mbewu, iyenera kupopedwa ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa sulphate, kuonjezeranso kuti yowonongeka ndi matenda a fungal.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kosangalatsa kwa kukula kwa zomera ayenera kukhala + 22 ... +24 ° ะก.
Kubzala mbande pamalo osatha
Kubzala mbande pamalo osatha sikudzakubweretsera mavuto ambiri. Chomeracho sichiri chowombera, choncho, sichifuna machitidwe onse obzala.
Migwirizano yowonjezera
Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyamba, mbande ingabzalidwe m'malo osatha. Ngati nyengo ili yofunda komanso yabwino, kubwera kwake kungatheke kale.
Ndondomeko yabwino
Cosmonaut Volkov phwetekere tchire amakula wamtali ndi wamphamvu, kotero malo awo ayenera kukhala tchire pa mita imodzi iliyonse. m
Mbali za kusamalidwa ndi kulima magetsi
Pofuna kukolola bwino, tomato ayenera kusamalidwa bwino. Onetsetsani momwe ziweto zimakhalira, ndipo pakufunika, chitani zotsatirazi.
Kuthirira, kupalira ndi kumasula
Kuthirira chitsamba ndi chosowa, koma zochuluka (makamaka kutsirira n'kofunika pamaso pa maluwa ndi pamaso pa kucha kwa tomato), mlingo wa madzi ukuwonjezeka panthawi yomwe mazira oyamba apangidwa kale. Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka muyenera kumasulidwa. Komanso, kumasula kumachitika ngati n'kofunika, koma osachepera 1 nthawi miyezi iwiri. Pakati pa chitsamba muyenera kuchotsa namsongole nthawi zonse.
Masking
Kuthamanga - kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo zomwe ziri mu sinus ya mbeu, pakati pa tsinde ndi masamba. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana imakhala yosiyana. Matimati "Cosmonaut Volkov" ndi chomera chosadalirika, motero ndiwowononga mphukira 7-8 masentimita yaitali, pamene mphukira imayenera kudulidwa, kuchoka pafupi 1-2 masentimita kuchokera kumunsi, kuti zisawonenso kukula kwa masitepe. Njira imeneyi imachotsa ana onse opeza, chitsamba sichitha ndipo msinkhu wa zokolola sichicheperachepera.
Onetsetsani kuti mphesa ndi nkhaka.
Belt girter
Musanapangidwe zipatso, burashi iliyonse ya phwetekere imamangidwa kotero kuti chipatso chophwima chikakhala cholemera sichisokoneza chitsamba.
Kuchiza mankhwala
The Cosmonaut Volkov phwetekere amayamba kudwala ndi tizilombo toononga, ngakhale kuti imakula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena yotseguka pansi. Kuchedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kumathandiza kuti phwetekere likhale losauka. Ganizirani njira zomwe mungathe kuzizira matenda:
- zojambula za fodya - zimapanga mazenera pamasamba, komanso zimapangitsa kuti zipsepse (ndi matendawa, nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomerazo zichotsedwe, ndipo mfundo zocheka ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi potassium permanganate);
- Kuwoneka kofiira - kumachitika pamene kutentha kuli kosauka ndipo kuthirira sikukwanira, motero, kuchiza, ndikofunika kusintha ndondomeko ya ulimi wothirira ndikusintha chikhalidwe cha kutentha;
- tizilombo monga whitefly wowonjezera (pamene tikukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha), slugs, nthata zamagulu (pamene mukukula tomato pamtunda) zingathenso kuthana ndi tchire. Polimbana ndi whitefly ya wowonjezera kutentha, yankho la Confidor lidzakuthandizani (1 ml ya mankhwala pa 10 l madzi); Sopo yothetsera sitiroko imachotsa nthata zamadzimadzi (kungopukuta madera a kuthengo); zolirovanie nthaka kuchotsa zonse slugs ku chomera.
Kudyetsa
Feteleza amagona pansi pa nthawi yobzala tomato, ndipo pambuyo pake chomera chimatha masiku khumi ndi awiri. Asanayambe kudyetsa chitsamba, imalimbikitsa kufalitsa kufanana kwa feteleza pansi. Manyowa ovuta (phosphate ndi potashi) ali oyenerera kuvala pamwamba, zakudya zawo zimathandizira kukula kwa tomato.
Ndikofunikira! Malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito feteleza: pa 1 sq. M. M sayenera kupanga 30 g ya fetereza.Zosiyanasiyana za tomato "Cosmonaut Volkov" zimabweretsa zokolola zambiri, ndizodzichepetsa komanso zophweka. Yokwanira mtundu uliwonse wa opaleshoni. Zomera zolimba, kukaniza matenda ndi kukoma kwabwino kumakopa ochuluka a wamaluwa, kotero phwetekereyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti iyo idalimbikitsidwa ndi wopanga masewera.
