Kudyetsa masika ndi feteleza kwa sitiroberi: zomwe zimafunikira ndipo ndiliti ndibwino kudyetsa

Masika ndi nthawi yopanga zinthu zamaluwa. Anthu okhala nthawi yotentha komanso olima maluwa amapanga mapulani obzala, kusankha maluwa ndi mitundu ya ndiwo zamasamba. Dzikolo silinakhalepo ndi udzu, koma zipatso zosatha zikukula kale. Mwinanso wokondedwa kwambiri pakati pawo ndi sitiroberi. Ndipo chinthu choyamba choti mumupangire kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ndikumudyetsa kuti amupatse mphamvu kuti akulitse tchire lamphamvu ndi zipatso zazikulu.

Zomwe feteleza amafunika mu masika

Chapakatikati, maluwa asanakhazikike, sitiroberi amakula msanga. Kuchulukitsa kwa mbewu kumatengera kukula kwa masamba ndi masamba ang'ono kwambiri. Pa tchire losalimba, mabulosi amakula ochepa. Mwanjira ina: chitsamba cholimba komanso chathanzi, zipatso zake zazikulu ndizomwe zimakhala nazo. Koma mutha kuthana ndi mabulosi ambiri, chifukwa sichizonenepa, osamangira zipatso, ndipo choyipirapo, chitha kuwotchedwa ndikufa. Chifukwa chake, feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso osapitirira Mlingo.

Kuti apange masamba athanzi ndi zipatso zazikulu, sitiroberi amafunika kudya moyenera

Nitrogeni ndiye chida chomanga cha zinthu zobiriwira za chomera chilichonse, ndipo ndizomwe zimafunika mchaka. Nitrogen imapezeka mu feteleza wam'migodi, humus, mullein, zitosi za mbalame. Kuphatikiza apo, sitiroberi imafunika kufufuza zinthu, koma popanda nayitrogeni zakudya sizingathandize. Ngati atawonjezedwa, ngati mavitamini pambuyo pamaphunziro, zotsatira zake zidzaonekere. Makamaka, ma microelements amathandizira kuthana ndi mavuto opanikizika (chilala, mvula yambiri, chisanu), kuwonjezera mphamvu ya sitiroberi ku matenda, imathandizira kukula, budding ndi kucha. Nthawi yomweyo, zipatso zimakula, zimakhala zokongola komanso zowonjezera.

Mukadyetsa masipulosi mu kasupe

Kusintha kwa nthawi yovalira kumadalira luso lanu, koma mbewuzo zikamalandila posachedwa, zikuthokoza.

1. Ngati tsamba lanu likupezeka pafupi ndi nyumbayo, kapena muli ndi mwayi wokaona mundawo kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena koyambirira kwa nyengo yamasika, ndikumwaza feteleza youma mu chisanu. Zidzasungunuka ndi maudzu, ndi kulowa pansi mpaka kumizu. Izi zimachitika ndi feteleza wa mchere ndi phulusa la nkhuni.
2. Ngati mungalowe m'munda pokhapokha Dothi lisanume, ikani feteleza poyambilira kumasula. Akulandeni wogawana pabedi ponse, sakanizani ndi pamwamba ndi madzi. Kapena ikanikeni madzi ovala pamwamba pamtunda wonyowa.
3. Ngati pamalopo mulibe madzi, nthaka yaphwa, ndiye kuti muthira feteleza mvula isanabwere kapena kuvala masamba oyamba bwino. Pamafunika madzi pang'ono, atha kubweretsedwa kapena kubwera nanu.

Mavalidwe aliwonse apamwamba amayenera kupaka pansi ponyowa, ngati kuli kotheka mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Osaloleza zouma zouma kuti zifike kumizu ndikusungunuka pamenepo. Pakadali pano, njira yolimbikira ikupezeka yomwe imawotcha mizu yopyapyala, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati capillaries - imapereka madzi ndi zakudya kuthengo.

Kanema: Malangizo osamalira sitiroberi pa momwe angatungire madzi ndi nthawi yake

Zakudya zochepa, organic ndi pharmacy zakudya za sitiroberi

Chapakatikati, maluwa asanathenso, sitiroberi timangofunika kuvala m'modzi yekha wa nayitrogeni ndi feteleza wina wowonjezera ndi ma microelements. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugula zosakaniza zovuta kusitolo, zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika za mbewuyi. Mitundu yambiri yakudya yopanga zakudya tsopano ikupangidwa: Gumi-Omi, Agricola, Fertika ndi ena adalemba "sitiroberi / sitiroberi." Samalani kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni (N) kuyenera kukhala okwera kuposa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina.

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungasankhe kuvala masika: Maofesi opangidwa okonzeka ndi oyenerera kulima omwe akuyambira, ndipo akatswiri odziwa zambiri amatha kupanga zosakaniza zophatikiza ndi masamba a udzu iwowo pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe kapena mankhwala opangira mankhwala.

Feteleza ndi feteleza wamaminolo

M'masitolo, mumatha kupeza feteleza atatu okhala ndi nayitrogeni pamtengo wokwera mtengo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zochepa:

• Urea (urea, carbonic diamide) kuchokera kumafetera onse amamineral ali ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni - 46%. Zina ndi hydrogen, oxygen ndi kaboni. Urea ikamakhudzana ndi mpweya, mitundu ya ammonia, yomwe imatuluka. Chifukwa chake, urea iyenera kumanizidwa munthaka kapena kuyikidwa monga yankho. Feteleza amakhala ndi acidic pang'ono, pafupi ndi mbali, kotero amatha kuthilidwa panthaka iliyonse.
• Ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate) ndi mchere wa nitric acid, wokhala ndi 35% nitrogen. Choipa chachikulu cha fetelezayu ndikuti chimachulukitsa acid m'nthaka, choncho ziyenera kuyikidwa limodzi ndi ufa wa dolomite. Koma malo omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbana ndi matenda. Kuthirira masamba ndi nthaka mozungulira tchire ndi yankho la ammonium nitrate, mudzachotsa bowa.
• Nitroammophoska ndi feteleza wophatikiza yemwe ali ndi macroelements onse atatu ofunika: nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Opanga osiyanasiyana amapanga magawo osiyanasiyana osakaniza pansi pa dzinali, ndipo aliyense wa iwo ali ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa macronutrients. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la fetelezayu ndikuti lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mchaka chokha pokhapokha mutapanda kuthira feteleza ndi mchere wa superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mukugwa.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: feteleza wotchuka komanso wotsika mtengo wa ma sitiroberi

Malingaliro ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza wa mchere amasonyezedwa phukusi. Zonsezi feteleza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa 1 tbsp. Malita pa 1 mita imodzi yonyowa komanso yosungunuka kapena malita 10 amadzi ndi madzi amalo omwewo. Komabe, ndibwino kukhazikitsa feteleza wocheperako kuposa kupitirira nthawi zonse: nayitrogeni wambiri amadziunjikira masamba, kenaka zipatso monga mawonekedwe a nitrate.

Nitrate sizowopsa ku thanzi, koma pansi pazinthu zina mkati mwa thupi zimatha kulowa ma nitrites oopsa. Izi zimachitika ndi acidity yotsika, gastritis, komanso ukhondo. Omwe amamvera kwambiri ma nitrites ndi makanda ndi okalamba. Chifukwa chake, ana ndi okalamba amalimbikitsidwa kuti azipeza zipatso kuchokera ku zipatso zomwe zimapangidwa popanda mankhwala.

Kudyetsa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein

Ngati mulibe chidwi chobweretsa feteleza wa michere pansi, koma pali mwayi wopeza mullein (manyowa), ndiye kuti mupange feteleza wa nayitrogeni kuchokera pamenepo. Mullein zimachitika:

• zofunda - zophatikizidwa ndi peat kapena udzu; ndizachuma nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu;
• zinyalala - manyowa oyera okhala ndi 50-70% nayitrogeni.

Mu kasupe, mumafunikira mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni, choncho gwiritsani ntchito mullein wopanda mabedi, ndiye kuti, makeke wamba amphaka omwe amatha kusungidwa komwe ng'ombe zimayenda ndikudya msipu.

Ng'ombe zimapanga udzu mu feteleza wofunikira - mullein kapena manyowa

Chinsinsi chodyetsera kuchokera ku kulowetsedwa kwa mullein:

1. Dzazani chidebe 1/3 ndi makeke amphaka atsopano.
2. Dzazani pamwamba ndi madzi ndi chivundikiro.
3. Ikani kwa masiku 5-7 pamoto kuti nayonso mphamvu.
4. Kwa malita 10 amadzi, onjezerani 1 lita imodzi ya kulowetsedwa ndikutsanulira sitiroberi pamlingo wa malita 0,5 pachitsamba chilichonse.

Njira yotere ikhoza kutsanulidwa pamasamba, ndiye tchire limatetezedwa ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus: powdery mildew, malo osiyanasiyana ndi ena.

Kudyetsa Mbalame

Manyowa a nkhuku amaonedwa ngati feteleza wofunika kwambiri komanso wokhazikika. Ili ndi zakudya zochulukirapo katatu kuposa mavalidwe ena amtundu wachilengedwe. Mu zinyalala muli nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu, kufufuza zinthu. The kulowetsedwa amapangidwa chimodzimodzi monga kuchokera mullein, koma kuthirira, ndende ayenera kukhala 2 zina zochepa: 0,5 l kulowetsedwa pa 10 l madzi. Mulingo wothirira amakhalabe omwewo - 0,5 l pa chitsamba chilichonse.

Ndemanga zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zatsopano. Ikagulitsidwa idawuma m'masitolo, ndipo nthawi zambiri pansi pa phukusi sinyalala, koma humus. Chifukwa chake, yankho kuchokera ku zitosi za nkhuku zogulidwa m'sitolo liyenera kukonzedwa monga zikuwonekera phukusi.

Gwiritsani ntchito zinyalala zochokera m'sitolo molingana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi.

Feteleza mchaka ndi humus

Humus ndiye mbewu zowola za zomera ndi nyama. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa manyowa a humus, omwe akhala zaka 1-2. Koma gululi limaphatikizanso kompositi, zinyalala zowola kuchokera mnyumbayo, masamba osweka pansi pa mitengo. Zonsezi ndizofunikira feteleza wophatikiza ndi nitrogen wambiri. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pamabedi a sitiroberi wazaka 2-3, pomwe tchire akuluakulu akuluakulu atakula kutuluka pansi ndikuwuluka pamwamba pake ngati mabampu. Finyani humus pakati pa mizere yosanjikiza kotero kuti kuphimba mbali yam'mizu yopanda kanthu. Mitima ndi masamba okha omwe ayenera kutsalira pamwamba.

Humus nthawi yomweyo amakhala ngati ovala pamwamba komanso mulch

Choipa chodyetsa ndi humus, kulowetsedwa kwa mullein ndi kutsika kwa mbalame ndikuti ndizosatheka kudziwa zomwe zili zenizeni za nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous kuti muchepetse kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthawi ya chilimwe ndi yophukira kudyetsa.

Kudyetsa ndi phulusa

Phulusa ndi feteleza amene alibe tanthauzo kuti agwiritse ntchito masika popanda feteleza wa nayitrogeni (urea, ammonium nitrate, mullein, zitosi). Muli zinthu zonse zofunika za ma macro ndi ma macro ambiri a sitiroberi, kupatula chimodzi chachikulu - nayitrogeni. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito pamodzi ndimasakanikidwe okhala ndi nayitrogeni, zimachitika mosafunikira ndimankhwala. Phulusa ndi alkali, nayitrogeni pamaso pake imasandulika ammonia ndikuthawa. Zimapezeka kuti zinthu zofunikira zimangopita mlengalenga, osazaza manyowa. Chifukwa chake, choyamba perekani zakudya zazikuluzikulu ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo mukatha masiku 5-7, pamene zimamwa ndi mbeu, onjezani phulusa (zovuta za kufufuza zinthu).

Phulusa limatha kupezeka ndi kuwotcha osati nkhuni zokha, komanso zinyalala zilizonse zomera: udzu wouma, nsonga, masamba okalamba kuyambira pakusamba, masamba a chaka chatha. Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zikapsa, zophatikizika zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka. Imodzi imakhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri, ina imakhala ndi phosphorous, etc.

Gome: zomwe zili ndi phulusa kuchokera ku zida zosiyanasiyana

Chidebe cha phulusa chitha kupezeka ndi kuwotcha mbatata zouma zomwe zisonkhanitsidwa kuchokera zana limodzi padziko lapansi

Mwa njira, phulusa lamatabwa likugulitsidwa m'masitolo kwa wamaluwa, koma kugula chomera chonse cha sitiroberi sikopindulitsa, popeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, poyerekeza ndi feteleza wa mchere, kuli okwera: magalasi 1-2 pa ndowa imodzi kapena 1 m².

Kudyetsa phulusa kumatha kuchitika mwanjira imodzi:

1. Thirani kapu ya phulusa mumtsuko, ndikugwedeza, mpaka zigawo zikadzakhazikika, kutsanulira sitiroberi pansi pazu (0,5 l pa chitsamba chilichonse).
2. Nyowetsani masamba a sitiroberi ndi madzi oyera kuchokera kuthirira. Thirani phulusa mu sieve wamkulu kapena colander ndi fumbi tchire. Kutsuka sikofunikira. Masamba amatenga chakudya chofunikira, zotsalira zimatsitsidwa kapena kugwetsedwa ndi mvula ndikupita pansi, kumizu.

Kanema: pazomwe zimapangidwira, zimapindulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la feteleza

Mosiyana ndi stereotype, phulusa ndi slag lopangidwa pambuyo kuyaka malasha nawonso feteleza. Koma imasiyananso ndi phulusa la nkhuni - imasokoneza dothi ndipo silisintha. Amakhulupirira kuti phulusa lamoto limakhala ndi zinthu zamagetsi ndi zitsulo zolemera zomwe zimadzunjikana muzomera. Komabe, izi zimachitika pamene ndende ya phulusa m'nthaka yoposa 5%. Monga kuyesa, ofufuza aku America adapanga feteleza padziko lapansi ndi phulusa lamoto kwa zaka zitatu pamlingo wa matani 8 pa ekala imodzi (200 makilogalamu pa mamilimita zana), omwe ndi 1.1%. Madzi owundana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka sizinachitike, zinthu zachitsulozi zidatsalira, ndipo zokolola za phwetekere zidakwera ndi 70%. Phulusa lotere limakhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri, phosphorous, komanso mkuwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuvulaza mochedwa. Koma muyenera kubweretsa phulusa la malasha limodzi ndi organic jambo (humus, kompositi).

Kudyetsa yisiti

Njira ina yosinthira kapangidwe ka nthaka popanda kumapangidwira ndikuyambitsa yisiti nthawi zonse. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti timathandizira kuti zinthu zofunikira padziko lapansi ziwonongeke mwachangu, ndiye kuti, zimamasulira ngati mtundu wa chakudya chomera. Nthaka imalemezedwa ndi mavitamini, ma amino acid, chitsulo chachilengedwe, zinthu zomwe zimatsata, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous zimapangidwa. Kuphatikiza ndi yisiti kumapangitsa kuti mizu ipangidwe bwino, ndipo mizu yake ikakulimba, mphamvu ya thengo imakulanso zipatso zake.

Chofufumitsa chouma komanso chopanikizika ndi choyenera kudyetsa ma jamule.

Feteleza wa Strawberry ndi yisiti ali ndi zinthu ziwiri:

• yisiti imangoyambika kokha m'dothi lotentha, kutentha kwakukulu kwa kufalitsa kwawo kuli pamwamba pa +20 ⁰C;
• Mukupesa mphamvu, potaziyamu yambiri ndi calcium zimatengedwa kuchokera pansi, chifukwa chake, mutathirira ndi yankho la yisiti, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera povala pamwamba.

Chinsinsi chosavuta kwambiri chofufumitsa yisiti kwa kuthirira sitiroberi:

1. Thirani mapewa a madzi ofunda mumtsuko wa lita zitatu.
2. Onjezani 4-5 tbsp. l shuga ndi paketi ya yisiti yowuma (12 g) kapena 25 g yaiwisi (yapanikizidwa).
3. Sakanizani zonse ndikuziyika pamalo otentha kwakanthawi, mpaka yisiti iyamba "kusewera" ndipo chithovu chimawoneka pamwamba.
4. Thirani madzi onsewo muchidebe cha lita 10 kapena kuthirira ndi kupitilira pamadzi ndi dzuwa.
5. Thirani zitsamba pansi pa muzu pa 0,5-1 l pa chitsamba chilichonse.

Kanema: Chinsinsi cha yisiti

Pali maphikidwe omwe nyongoyi imatsala masiku angapo mpaka yisiti itasiya kugwira ntchito. Koma mkati mwa kupesa, mowa umapangidwa. Mapeto a kupsa mtima kukusonyeza kuti yisiti idafa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake. Ndikusintha kuti wamaluwa amadyetsa sitiroberi ndi yankho lake, lomwe limaphatikizapo: mowa, mafuta osakaniza omwe amapangidwa panthawi yovunda, ndi yisiti wakufa. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo lonse la chakudya ndi yisiti limatayika - kuti awabweretse m'nthaka ali amoyo ndi kuwalola iwo kuti adzagwire ntchito pamenepo.

Kudyetsa ndi ammonia

Amoniya amagulitsidwa m'mafakisi, koma feteleza wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ali ndi nayitrogeni - ammonia. Kuphatikiza apo, kununkhira kwamphamvu kwa ammonia kumawopseza tizirombo tambiri kuchokera ku sitiroberi: sitiroberi thukuta, mphutsi za Meyi kachilomboka, ma aphid, ndi zina.

Voliyumu yovomerezeka yamapiritsi ndi 40 ml, theka kupita pamphika yonse kupita ku chidebe chodyetsa

Podyetsa, kuchepetsa 2-3 tbsp. l ammonia mu malita 10 amadzi, sakanizani ndikutsanulira masamba ndi nthaka. Onani njira zopewera ngozi mukakonzekera. Amoni ndiwosakhazikika, amatha kuwotcha mucous membrane. Osatulutsa mpweya wake. Tsegulani vial ndi kuyeza muyeso womwe umafunikira mu mpweya watsopano.

Kanema: Zakudya zabwino kwambiri za sitiroberi - ammonia

Strawberry ayodini

Iodini amapezeka paliponse m'chilengedwe (madzi, mpweya, pansi), koma ochepa kwambiri. Iodini imapezeka m'zamoyo zonse, kuphatikiza zomerazo, makamaka zambiri mwazomera. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a ayodini ndi mankhwala ena ochokera kuzipatala zomwe alimi amatengera. Amakhulupilira kuti antiseptic iyi imateteza mbewu ku matenda, komanso kamodzi pansi, imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chida cha nayitrogeni.

Iodini imateteza mabulosi ku matenda ndipo imathandizira kuti kagayidwe ka nayitrogeni.

Maphikidwe osiyanasiyana adapangidwa ndikuyesedwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ayodini komwe ndi kosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera ku 3 akutsikira mpaka 0,5 tsp. pa 10 l madzi. Kodi pali phindu lililonse pamlingo wochepera - sayansi siyinatsimikizidwe, pazomwe zimachitika, zotsatira zoyipa monga masamba owotcha sizinawonedwe. Malinga ndi ndemanga, mankhwalawa ndi ayodini amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yabwino yopewa matenda a fungus a sitiroberi.

Kanema: Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodontha wa ayodini pokonzekera ma sitiroberi

Omwe alimi ena amakhulupirira kuti ndizosatheka kuvulaza ayodini. Komabe, chinthuchi ndi chowopsa, chosasinthika. Chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mpweya m'mpweya wake, mutu, chifuwa chonse, mphuno imayamba. Ngati inaseweredwa, zizindikiro zonse za poizoni zimawonekera. Ngati mlingo umaposa 3 g, zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri. Njira yothetsera ayodini siivulaza. Musawakometse ndi mbeu. Kukonzekera mavalidwe, sonyezani supuni yapadera, chikho choyeza, ndowa, ndi zina. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa feteleza onse ndikukonzekera.

Chapakatikati, sitiroberi zimafunikira kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti tifulumizitse njira zonse za metabolic, kufufuza zinthu kumawonjezeredwa. Koma osathirira mabedi ndi mayankho onse odziwika komanso omwe alipo. Ndikokwanira kuthira sitiroberi limodzi mwazovala zapamwamba za nayitrogeni (mchere, kulowetsedwa kapena multer) kamodzi musanataye maluwa, ndipo patatha masiku angapo, onjezani phulusa la nkhuni kapena gwiritsani ntchito mafuta osakaniza a micronutrients (chopatsa mphamvu). Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe sanapangidwire mbeu mosamala, popeza sanapangidwe kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pa Mlingo womwe amatengedwa kuti azovala pamwamba, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukhala owopsa.