Monga momwe zimadziwira, malinga ndi cholinga cha banja, nkhuku zimagawanika kukhala nyama ndi dzira. Oyamba ali ndi kukula kwakukulu ndipo amadziwika kuti sagwira ntchito, yachiwiri ndi yowonjezera, yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi yowonjezera "yotetezeka", koma imakula mofulumira ndi kunyamula bwino. Koma pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito potsata mazira ndi nyama. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha mbalame yoteroyi ndi mtundu wa nkhuku Welsumer.
Kuswana
Welzumera anabadwira ku Holland zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Palibe zodabwitsa mu dzina lokongola la mtunduwo. Velzum - iyi ndi dzina la tawuni yaing'ono, osati pomwe ntchito yosankhidwa inachitikira.
Zimadziwika kuti pakugwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yatsopano mizere itatu:
- Nkhuku zapamwamba zofiira "kuropatochnogo", zomwe zinakhala maziko a mtunduwo;
- Mitundu ya ku Malaysia yomwe imamenyetsa mbalameyi kumanga kulimbikitsa ndi kupirira;
- Nyama ya Chingerezi Dorking, inaloledwa kukwaniritsa kukula kwakukulu.
Chotsatira choyamba chakhala bwino kwa zaka zambiri, ndi British akupereka ndalama zambiri pa ntchito yoswana.
Miyezo yomaliza ya nkhuku inakhazikitsidwa ndi theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazo, ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono Ajeremani anatulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya velzumera, yomwe ili yoyenera kubzala m'madera ang'onoang'ono.
Chiphona cha Hungary, siliva ya siliva, silika wa China, Bielefelder, Maran, Amrox, Broken Brown, Redbro, Wamkulu, Master Gray amadzitamandanso chiyambi china.
Kufotokozera ndi Zochitika
Kwa mbiri yakale kwambiri, mtunduwu watha kupambana ndi okondedwa ambiri, iwo amauyamikira kwambiri ndi okhala m'madera ozizira, chifukwa cha kukana kwa chisanu. 
N'zovuta kutcha mbalame yokongoletsera ya Velzumer, koma safuna kukongola kwake. Zosiyana za muyezo - chipiriro ndi khutu.
Mukudziwa? Nkhukuyi imatengedwa kuti ndi mbalame yoyamba yomwe munthu amatha kuyisamalira. Malingana ndi malipoti ena, cholinga chodyetsa mbalameyi chinali zaka zikwi khumi zapitazo, ndipo Chinese anayamba ntchitoyi.
Kunja ndi mtundu
Mzere wamabereka - mbalame yochepetseka komanso yapamwamba-yambiri yokhala ndi thupi lamphamvu kwambiri ngati mawonekedwe a silinda komanso otsika kwambiri. Tambala a tambala amasiyana pakati pa 3-3.5 makilogalamu, nkhuku pafupifupi pa kilogalamu yochepa. 
Mtundu wofiira wa kuropatny womwe unatengedwa kuchokera kwa makolo a Dutch ndiwo wokhawokha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya velzumer, koma sichiwasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina yambiri, yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ili ndi mtundu womwewo.
Tsamba ndi khosi la tambala zili ndi ubweya wofiira kwambiri, munthu wakuda, wokhotakhota amawonekera pachiyambi. Mutu waukulu uli pamphuno ndi mapiko, komanso kumatha ndi mitundu itatu. Mbali yamkati ya nthenga ndi yakuda ndi speck brown. Kumbuyo kumakhala bulauni, ku lamba ndi kusakaniza kwa golide ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono: mizu ya nthenga ndi imvi, pakati ndi bulauni, nsonga ndi yakuda. Misozi imakhala ndi mapeto a bulauni, chifukwa chinyengo cha bulauni chimapangidwa.
Mizere ndi yunifolomu yambiri, nthenga zake ndi zofiira ndi zakuda ndi imvi, mutu, khosi ndi mbuzi ndi zofiira, zosaphika komanso mdima, mchira wakuda. 
Mutu wa mbalame ndi waung'ono, mlomo ndi wautali, kawirikawiri chikasu (mu mtundu wa paws), maso ndi aakulu, lalanje wofiira.
Cockerel ali ndi chisa chokongola, chodzitukumula chokhala ndi mano asanu kapena asanu osachepera kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndi ndolo zamfupi zozungulira. Nkhuku ili ndi khungu kakang'ono, kamene kali kolunjika. Diso la tambala liri ndi dothi, koma osati losavuta kwambiri, kawirikawiri limasunthira patsogolo. Miyendo ndi yamphamvu, ya kutalika kwa miyendo, miyendo ikuwoneka bwino.
Mbalame zonsezi zimakhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu, mimba yomwe imakhala yofewa kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yofewa kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yaitali komanso yayitali kwambiri, imakhala ndi minofu ndipo imatembenuka kukhala mchira wawung'ono womwe uli pamtunda wa digiri 45 kumbuyo. - ndi zida zochepa, nkhuku - zothandizidwa ndi zabwino. Mapikowa amamangiriridwa ku thupi.
Velzumera imadziwikanso ndi mapulumu olimba, ofewa komanso oyenera. 
Zotsatila zotsatirazi zochokera muyeso zikuonedwa ngati ukwati:
- thupi losakwanira;
- sanaphuke mimba mu nkhuku;
- kuthamanga kwambiri thupi;
- ndizitali kwambiri;
- kupachika mapiko;
- mutu waukulu;
- mtundu wa diso kusiyana ndi wofiira;
- Mitundu yambiri yamoto, kusowa kwa mitundu itatu;
- kukhalapo koyera mu nkhwangwa, pakuti nkhuku imavomeretsanso momveka wakuda;
- mawanga kapena mikwingwirima mu mitundu.
Alimi ovomerezeka ndi nkhuku, monga lamulo, yesetsani kupeza nkhuku zowonjezera, chifukwa zidzatenga nthawi, chidziwitso komanso kuyesetsa kuti nkhuku zizitha. Dzidziwitse nokha njira zotsalira za nkhuku.
Makhalidwe
Obadwira achi Dutch sanakhumudwitse. Ngakhale pali kholo lakumenyana mu mtundu wa velzumer, mbalameyo ndi yosiyana ubwino ndi kukondweretsa. Amuna ndi nkhuku amadzimvera m'malo momasuka, samasonyeza kuti amawakonda kapena anzawo, amadziwika bwino ndi mwiniwakeyo, amadziwika bwino, amadziŵa komanso sachita mantha. Pali chinthu china chofunikira, kusasinthasintha komanso kudziwonetsera kudzilemekeza pazitsulo, koma izi zimakongoletsa mbalameyi.
Ena obereketsa amadziwa zochitika zina zowonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa "anyamata", koma, malinga ndi msinkhu wamtunduwu, hafu ya mtunduwu si yachilendo. Mwina mawonetseredwe ake amachokera ku zifukwa zolakwika za ndende, makamaka, malo osachepera komanso nambala yochuluka ya "amayi" pa tambala imodzi. 
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa
Koma ndi chidziwitso cha makulitsidwe, zinthu zikuipiraipira. Tsoka, izo sizingatheke pomwepo ku Velzumer. Ngakhale zokolola za velzumer ndi zabwino, ndipo mazira oyendetsa njuchi ndi chimodzi mwa zolinga zoberekera, kuti atsegule anawo, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito chofungatira (kapena kungoyika mazira a cuckoo pansi pa nkhuku ina).
Kukonzekera
Pansi pa zokolola zoweta ziweto zimamvetsetsa zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kulima mtundu wina wa ziweto kapena nkhuku. Kwa nkhuku, zokolola zimayesedwa m'njira ziwiri, malinga ndi cholinga cha banja:
- Mitundu ya mazira - kupanga dzira, yomwe poyamba, imawerengedwa kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha mazira omwe mbalame imodzi imadya chaka chonse;
- Mitundu ya nyama - kulemera kwa thupi ndi kulemera kwa thupi, zomwe mbalame ikupeza nthawi yopha, komanso ubwino wa nyama.
Pezani zomwe mungachite ngati nkhuku sizigwira bwino, kunyamula mazira aang'ono, peck mazira.
Popeza velzumer ndizo mitundu yambiri ya dzira, zizindikiro zonsezi ndizofunika kwambiri. 
Kutulutsa mazira
Nkhuku za Dutch zili nazo mazira ambiri"chizoloŵezi" chawo - 170 mazira pachaka ndi zovuta zosiyana ndi 10-15%, malingana ndi msinkhu komanso momwe amamangidwira (poyerekeza: izi zikusonyeza kuti zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mazira zimakhala zosiyana pa mazira 150-220 pa chaka).
Mukudziwa? Mbiri ya padziko lonse ya mazira ndi mazira 371 a chaka chosakwanira (masiku 364). Ilo linalembedwa mu August 1979 mu boma la United States la Missouri. Mbalame zoyera zoyera, chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri, zinaposa, motero, bwenzi lake la mtundu womwewo, umene mu 1930 unayika mazira 361.
Choyamba nkhukuyi imapezeka pakati pa miyezi yachisanu ndi isanu ndi umodzi ya moyo, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti nkhukuyi imakhala yozungulira.
Musayime ndi kukula kwa mazira: kulemera kwao ndi 65 g, kupitirira 70 g. Mazira ndi osachepera owerengeka a makoswe saloledwa. Matendawa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, zipolopolo zazing'ono komanso mtundu wa mtundu wofiira (chosiyana ndi velzumer). 
Kupereka mikhalidwe yabwino, makamaka kudya zakudya zowakomera nkhuku, mazira ake amapeza kukoma kokoma komanso zakudya zabwino kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za ubwino ndi zoopsa za mazira yaiwisi.
Kuchepetsa ndi kulawa kwa nyama
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumayesedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa Velzumera. Nkhuku zimasonyeza kupulumuka kwabwino (chiwerengero cha imfa mwa nyama zinyama sichiposa 10%) ndipo mwamsanga zimakhala ndi kulemera (ndi kudya kwabwino kwa miyezi imodzi ndi theka mbalame imakula kufika pa makilogalamu 0,8), choncho nkhuku zimagwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Zindikirani kuti nkhuku zomwe zili ndi ufulu wopita ku mpweya wabwino, zimakhala ndi nyama zokoma kuposa mbalame, zimagwiritsa ntchito moyo wawo wonse m'nyumba.
Nyama ya ku Velzumera ndi yabwino komanso yabwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, izi zimakhudza mbalame zazing'ono, koma zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa dzira (kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo), kuyala nkhuku kungathenso kubzalidwa chifukwa cha kunenepa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya, nyamayo imangokhala yolimba kwambiri. 
Zomwe amangidwa
Kutchuka kwakukulu kumene nkhuku za Dutch zomwe zapezeka m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi zikungokhala chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbalameyi, komanso kuti palibe vuto lililonse la kuswana kwake. Ntchitoyi ikhoza kuthetsedwa ngakhale ndi mwiniwake wosadziwa, yemwe ali ndi malo ochepa kwambiri panyumbamo.
Velzumer, chifukwa cha kusanganikirana kwabwino kwa magazi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yochokera kwa makolo ake kwambiri chitetezo chokwanira ndi kukana matenda akuluakulu, chipiriro, kudzichepetsa komanso chikhalidwe chachinyengo.
Kuteteza nkhuku zokwanira kuti zikhazikitse zokhazokha zomwe ziyenera kuchitira nkhuku iliyonse.
Awerenganso za mtundu wa nkhuku zowatchedwa Russian Crested, Kuban Red, Pavlovskaya, Poltava.
Zofunikira pa chipinda
Miyeso ya nkhuku coop kwa velzumera yatsimikiziridwa kuti 1 peresenti. M mderalo sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kuposa mbalame 3-4, komabe chipindachi chidzakhala chokwanira kwambiri, chidzasangalatsa kwambiri anthu ake. 
Nkofunika kwambiri kuti nkhuku nkhu ndi yotentha ndi youma, chifukwa adani awiri ofunika kwambiri ndi nkhuku. Nthakayi imakhala yodzala ndi udzu kapena utuchi, ndipo zinyalalazi ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Muyeneranso kusamala bwino mpweya wabwino kuti mpweya uli m'chipindamo usawonongeke ndipo sungakhale wolimba.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za momwe nkhuku zimakhalira: kusankha ndi kugula nkhuku nkhuku, kudzipangira komanso kukumbitsa nkhuku nkhuku.
Mkati mwa nkhuku nkhuku imakhala ndi odyetsa ndi oledzera, omwe ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndikusintha zomwe zili mkati. Kuwonjezera apo, chipindacho chili ndi mapulaneti otsika ndi zisa za zigawo. 
Bwalo la kuyenda
Kupereka nkhuku zaufulu ndi njira yabwino yosunga chakudya, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo imalimbitsa chitetezo cha ma ward awo, chifukwa amatha kudzipeza okha ndiwo zamasamba ndi zinyama "zopatsa mphamvu" zomwe zikusowa zakudya zoyambirira. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhuku ndi zachilengedwe za dacha, kuwononga tizilombo towononga mbeu.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuteteza dzira m'nyengo yozizira, nkhuku imafuna kuwala kokwanira. Kumbali imodzi, izi zikhoza kupindula mwa kuyenda pa masiku a dzuwa, koma zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwanso ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi masana mwa kuyang'anira kuyatsa mu nyumba ya nkhuku. Thupi la mbalame limakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kumeneku poonjezera chiwerengero cha mazira omwe adayikidwa.
Kuti nkhuku zikhale zotetezeka, zimafunika kufikako kudera laling'ono pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Mungagwiritse ntchito galasi kapena zitsulo kuti kutalika kwa mpanda pasakhale mita imodzi ndi hafu, mwinamwake mbalame zamphamvu zimatha kutuluka, ndipo izi zidzakhudza kwambiri munda wa m'munda, munda wamaluwa kapena munda wamaluwa. Nkofunika kuti mbalame, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo tating'ono tizilombo tomwe timapeza malo otsekemera. 
Onetsetsani kuti muonetsetse kuti bwaloli liri ndi denga, komwe nkhuku zidzatetezedwa ku dzuwa lotentha kapena mvula yambiri. Zikuonekeratu kuti malo oterowo ayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri, mwinamwake mitsinje yamvula idzayenda kumeneko. Ngati palibe malo okwera m'deralo, zidzakhala zofunikira kumanga pansi kuchokera pamatabwa kapena konkire pansi.
Slate, zinthu zakutchire kapena polycarbonate amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo za padenga. M'mabwalo oterewa muli okhota ndi omwa, komanso - ndithudi! - zikho ndi mchenga, zipolopolo ndi phulusa, zofunika kwa mbalame kuyeretsa kusamba kwaukhondo. M'chilimwe, zisa zimatha kukonzekera mazira.
Mmene mungapiririre kuzizira
Welzumer ndi mtundu wa nkhuku zomwe zimakhala zozizira kwambiri. Mbalamezi zimangowonjezera chisanu bwino, koma sichitha kuchepetsa mazira m'nyengo yozizira.
Phunzirani momwe mungamangire nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira ndi manja anu ndikupanga Kutentha.
"Dutch" akuyenda mumlengalenga sangathe kuimitsidwa pamene kutentha kumatsikira mpaka -20 ° C, koma nyengoyi imayenera kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mbalame zimakhalabe kuzizira: ngati kutentha sikutsika pansi -10 ° C - maola limodzi ndi theka, pamatsika apamwamba a thermometer - Ora, osakhalanso. 
Kuwonjezera apo, pakuzizira kwakukulu mbalame ziyenera kuyenda pa malo omwe ali ndi udzu, masamba owuma kapena zina zotentha, mwinamwake chisanu cha paws chikhoza kuchitika.
Mukudziwa? Ngati Dutch ayesa kuonjezera chisanu cha kukana kwa mbalame zawo, ndiye kuti Ayuda akukakamizidwa kuthetsa vutoli. Kotero, posachedwapa ku Israeli mtundu wapadera wa nkhuku zowonongeka kwambiri unamera, wopanda pansi ndi nthenga. Mbalamezi zimabadwa kwa Avigdor Cohaner, pulofesa ku Dipatimenti ya Agricultural Genetics ku University University. Wasayansi anafotokoza kufunikira kwa cholengedwa chodabwitsa ichi chifukwa chakuti nkhuku, makamaka zokhudzana ndi mitundu ya nyama, zomwe zimapindulitsa mwamsanga, ndipo chifukwa chake, zakudya zowonjezera n'zofunikira, zovuta kwambiri kupirira kutentha kwa Israeli, komwe kumayambitsa imfa yambiri mpweya wabwino. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti kupezeka koteroko kunayambitsa chisokonezo pakati pa Green Party.
Zimene mungadye
The zakudya wodzichepetsa velzumerov mwamtheradi wofanana. Zinthu zina zimangokhalapo malingana ndi msinkhu wa mbalame, momwe zimakhalira zokhazokha (kukhalapo kapena kupezeka kwaulere), malangizo othandizira (mazira kapena nyama) ndi nthawi ya chaka. 
Achinyamata
Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa zophika zophika komanso zophika nkhuku zosakaniza ndi zouma semolina. Kenaka, kuyambira tsiku lachitatu, zakudya zamkaka zopangidwa ndi mkaka komanso nkhuku zowakomera kwambiri zimayambitsidwa - phala, chisakanizo cha tirigu, zakudya zosakaniza, ndiwo zamasamba (kaloti, mbatata, mavwende), masamba anyezi (anyezi, nettle, clover, nyemba). , ufa ndi zina zowonjezera madzi, mphodza, msuzi kapena mkaka wouma.
Ndikofunikira! Zakudya zobiriwira ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 30 peresenti ya zakudya za nyama zinyama, chifukwa zili ndi mavitamini akuluakulu omwe amalimbitsa chitetezo cha nkhuku.
Nkhuku zowonongeka zimadyetsedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, ndipo kuyambira tsiku la 11 la moyo, chiwerengero cha zakudya chimachepetsedwa pang'ono. 
Akuluakulu
Maziko a chakudya cha mbalame zazikulu ndi tirigu. Welsumer amakondwera kwambiri pa chimanga, mapira, balere, oats, ndi tirigu. Ngati mulibe mwayi woonetsetsa kuti mbalame, masamba, masamba ndi mapuloteni (zida za mkaka, nsomba zazing'ono, mollusks) zikuyenera kukhalapo pa chakudya.
Mbalame zimafunikanso kupatsidwa phala, kuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chamtundu uwu sichipezeka mu feeders ndipo sichiphwanya (ndi bwino kuchotsa zitsulo yomweyo). Onetsetsani kuti mu zakudyazo muyenera kukhala ndi mavitamini ndi zigawo zamchere: gwero lawo lingakhale shell, choko, fupa.
Phunzirani zambiri za chakudya cha nkhuku kunyumba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe ka nyama ka mbalame, chakudya chonse chikuwonjezeka, komanso chakudya chophatikizana chikuwonjezeredwa.
Zakudya za nkhuku zazikulu zimadya chakudya chambiri m'nyengo yotentha komanso zitatu - m'nyengo yozizira. Chokhacho ndi achinyamata omwe akugona nkhuku: asanakwanitse chaka chimodzi, ndibwino kudyetsa mbalame 3-4 nthawi patsiku pachaka. 
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Kuphatikiza mwachidule zonsezi, munthu angathe kuzindikira kuti phindu ndi zoipa za nyama ndi dzira za Dutch ndizovuta.
Kotero, kusagwirizana zoyenera Velzumera ayenera kuphatikizapo:
- kudzichepetsa pa msinkhu uliwonse, kuthekera kwa "modzichepetsa" kupirira zolakwitsa za mlimi wa novice komanso zosakhazikika kwambiri;
- стандартный рацион питания;
- хорошую оплодотворяемость яиц (более 95 %);
- очень высокую выживаемость (около 90 %);
- ubwino wambiri, womwe umathandiza kuti musadye nyama yosankhidwa mwamsanga, komanso kuti muzitsitsimulira mosavuta ng'ombe ngati dzira likucheperachepera ndi zaka;
- Dzira zabwino kwambiri pozisunga m'nyengo yozizira popanda malipiro owonjezera a malamulo (zovuta zowunikira, etc.);
- khalidwe lofunika kwambiri la nyama.
Kuipa Miyala ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- pafupifupi pafupifupi kutayika konse kwa kayendedwe ka makulitsidwe mu nkhuku, kufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito makina osakaniza kapena nkhuku zina zoberekera anapiye;
- malingaliro okongola a ana a koka, amene, mu nthawi zina, amatha kuvulaza mbalame;
- Kusiyana kochepa (mbalame yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za muyeso sizowonjezera kupeza).
Video: Nkhuku zowonjezera
Kufufuza alimi a nkhuku pa mtundu wa Welsumer
Welzumer ndi wachikulire ndipo akuwonetseredwa kwa zaka makumi angapo za nkhuku zokolola za ku Ulaya, woimira bwino nyama ya nkhuku ndi ntchito za dzira. Kukhalitsa mwamsanga, kolimba, kudzichepetsa komanso kusagwedezeka kwa nkhuku, nkhukuzi ndizabwino kwa minda yaing'ono, monga momwe angaperekere eni ake nthawi yomweyo ndi mazira akuluakulu komanso nyama yowonjezera.
