Calendula - marigolds: mitundu, mitundu, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Calendula ndi udzu pachaka wa banja la Astrov. Malo ogawa Western Europe, Mediterranean, South -est Asia.

Ili ndiye dzina lodziwika bwino la marigolds odziwika. Maluwa osadzimira amaimira chikondi, moyo wautali komanso kuyera. Nthawi zambiri, calendula amabzalidwa m'mitundu yosakaniza. Amayambitsa infield wachikasu ndi lalanje.

Kufotokozera kwa Calendula

Calendula mu ukalamba ndi chitsamba chotumphukira, chimatalika masentimita 70, maluwa m'mimba mwake 4 cm (mitundu yokongoletsera - 8 cm). Chikhalidwe chimatha kukhala chamunda komanso chamtchire. Zina ndizophatikiza:

mabasiketi apical multifloral;
kukhalapo kwa mizere umodzi kapena awiri a timapepala tokhala ngati mawonekedwe;
ma corollas akunja ndi pistillate komanso zabodza zabodza, zamkati zamkati komanso tubular;
heteromorphic lopindika ma achenes;
fungo labwino;
kuthekera kuletsa tizirombo.

Pesi lokwera ndi lamtundu wakuda bii. Imakutidwa ndi masamba ofanana ndi fosholo, iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi, lalitali. Chifukwa cha iwo, mbewuyo imakhala yomata. Malo omwe ma corollas mu inflorescence mwachindunji amatengera jenda. Imakula bwino m'malo amdzuwa, popeza ndiwosangalatsa.

Marigolds ayamba kuphuka mu Juni. Nthawi imeneyi ikutha kumapeto kwa yophukira. Zipatso zimapangidwa pazomera zazikazi. Calendula limamasula nthawi yamnyengo yamvula yokha. Kuyang'ana duwa, mutha kuneneratu nyengo. Mbeu zokhwima zimapitilira kumera kwa zaka 4-5. Mbewuyo imabala zipatso zambiri, ndiye kuti zokolola zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya calendula

Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 20. Ambiri mwaiwo ndi azaka. Mu vivo, munda ndi mankhwala calendula nthawi zambiri amakula.

Mitundu ya m'munda idapezeka chifukwa chosankha mitundu yazachilengedwe.

Munda

Ndi calendula wamunda yemwe ali ndi phindu lokongoletsa. Chomera chiribe mankhwala, motero sichikugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa. Tsinde limakhala lopanda mphamvu, kutalika kwake kumakhala kosiyanasiyana masentimita 10 mpaka 30. Masamba a obovate masamba ndi pubescent ndi glandular villi. Nthawi, mawonekedwe a ocher-chikasu inflorescences. Zipatso zimapezeka pakati pa chilimwe. Mbeu zokhota zidakutidwa ndi minga. Misomali yamunda imatha kuwoneka m'malo osiyidwa ndi malo owonongeka. M'mundamo, mitundu iyi imakulidwa komanso mitundu yokongoletsera.

Mankhwala

Mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zomera zake zimakhala zazikulu komanso zokhala ndi masamba ochepa. Kutalika kwa pachaka sikupita masentimita 75. Makhalidwe ake amaphatikizapo kukhalapo kwa kukula komata, mthunzi wobiriwira wobiriwira wa tsinde, masamba osavuta ozungulira. Kununkhira kowoneka bwino kwa lalanje kumafikira masentimita 6. Fungo lotsitsimutsa lachilendo limatuluka m'makhola.

Munda

Mukamapanga mitundu yokongoletsera, obereketsa amatsogozedwa ndi kutalika kwa maluwa, kutalika kwa mbewu, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa inflorescence. Zotsatira zake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya calendula yam'munda idapezeka.

Mwachitsanzo, misomali ya gulu lokongola la Pacific Kukongola nthawi zambiri imakulidwa kuti idulidwe, ndipo patio calendula imabzalidwa m'mphepete, m'makalabu ndi m'mapiri a Alpine chifukwa cha kukula kwake.

Gulu	Kufotokozera
Wailesi	Kutalika kwa mphukira zophukira kumachokera 35 mpaka 45. Hemispherical terry corollas amapentedwa mu lalanje wowala. Dawo lawo ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 7. Masamba osalaza amaboola mitsempha. Tsinde ndi louma komanso lamiyala.
Juvel	Tchire lozungulira, m'mimba mwake mulitali mtunda wa theka-terry silidutsa masentimita 9. Kutalika kwa mbewuyo ndi 40-50 cm. Tsinde ndi pentahedral, inflorescences amapangidwa kuchokera ku macular tubular ndi salmon-orange.
Chisoni	Chitsamba chowoneka bwino, kutalika sikupita masentimita 45. Mabasiketi a terry amatengedwa kuchokera kumaluwa owala a lalanje. Masamba ophimbidwa utoto mumdima wobiriwira.
Bononi	Kufikira masentimita 30. Makungu onenepa, okhala ndi korona kawiri ndi lalanje. Dawo lawo ndiosachepera 8 cm.
Meisterstuyuk	Tchire silitali kupitirira masentimita 45. Makulidwe a mabasiketi amayambira 6 mpaka 8 cm.
Sonnstein	Kutalika kwa chomera si kupitirira masentimita 50. Mphukira zobiriwira zowala zimakhala ndi masamba. Dengu loyera lachikasu m'mimba mwake limafikira masentimita 7.5 Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe.
Kalonga waku India	Mphukira imafika masentimita 75. Pakatikati mwa inflorescences mumdima, pamakhala bronze-lalanje wokongoletsedwa ndi mizere ya burgundy. Mabasiketi a Terry ndi akulu kukula. Dongosolo lawo limafikira masentimita 9. Maluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira maluwa komanso kukongoletsa ziwembu zanu.

Mndandanda wazokongoletsera umaphatikizanso mitundu monga Golden Emperor, Orange Koenig, Calypso, Malawi.

Zambiri za kukula kwa calendula

Maonekedwe a mbewuyo makamaka zimawunikira malo osankhidwa. Kuwala kokulirapo, kumakulira ndikuwongolera dengu. Ngati calendula wabzalidwa pamthunzi, tsinde lake amatambasulira zambiri. Chikhalidwe chakumunda chomwe chimalankhulidwa chingathe kupirira chisanu ndi nyengo yophukira popanda mavuto.

Chofunikira china ndi nthaka yachonde. Ngakhale amachita marigolds, mawonekedwe awo osiyanasiyana amawonetsedwa bwino mutabzala m'nthaka komanso lonyowa.

Calendula samangokongoletsa kwambiri. Marigolds ali ndi vuto loyipitsa nthaka. Chifukwa cha izi, mbewu zomwe zikumera pafupi ndizotetezedwa ku zoipa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toopsa. Zotsalazo ndi monga agulugufe, nthata za kangaude ndi kachilomboka. Kusamalira calendula ndikosavuta. Kuti ikule bwino komanso kuphuka bwino, wolima ayenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta.

Kubzala Mbewu za Marigold ndi Mbande

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apachaka, calendula imamera ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, gawo loyamba ndikupeza mbewu zofunikira. Nthawi zambiri palibe zovuta pogula. Mtengo umatengera mawonekedwe a mitundu.

Pobzala, mutha kubzala mbeu zonse ndi mbewu.

Njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mitundu yayitali. Mukamasankha njira yachiwiri, muyenera kuchita khama kwambiri. Amasankhidwa ndi okhala chilimwe omwe akufuna kukwaniritsa maluwa oyamba.

Nthawi yobzala imatsimikiziridwa ndi wosamalira mundawo. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amatulutsa miyezi 2.5 patadutsa nthawi yophukira. Kuti mukwaniritse maluwa mosalekeza, calendula amafesedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana (kuyambira March mpaka Novembala).

Calendula yakudula ibzalidwa mu Marichi-Epulo. Ngati cholinga cha wokhalamo chilimwe kudzikongoletsa m'malire ndi mabedi a maluwa, mbewuyo imayikidwa mu February-March.

Mukakulira mbande, njere zimayikidwa mumiphika wa peat wodzazidwa pasadakhale ndi osakaniza dothi. Zomwe zakonzedwazo zimayikidwa m'makhola, omwe kuya kwake sikungakhale oposa 2 cm. Kenako, kuthirira kumachitika ndipo chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi filimu yowonekera. Zotsirizirazi ndizofunikira kuti tikwaniritse boma labwino. M'masiku oyambira sayenera kukhala ochepera +18 ºC. Mphukira zimawonekera patadutsa masiku 7-10 mutabzala. Gawo lotsatira ndikuchotsa kanemayo.

Kutentha m'chipindacho sikuyenera kukwera pamwamba pa +15 ºC. Mbande imafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuyatsa yunifolomu ndi kuvala kovomerezeka. Ma feteleza ovuta a mchere amawonjezedwa panthaka.

Kubzala calendula panja

Kuti tikwaniritse maluwa ambiri, ndikofunikira kusankha mbewu zomwe zimasiyana pang'ono komanso zopindika. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa, lotayirira ndikuthira manyowa. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chitetezo pamakonzedwe olimba. Kuyika kumachitika pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba awiri owona.

Malo osankhidwa ndi omwe adakumbidwa masabata 1-2 musanachotsedwe. Umuna ndi umuna ndi michere ndi humus. Kusakaniza kuyenera kukhala ndi zosakaniza monga mchenga, kompositi ndi phulusa. Kuzama kwa mabowo ndi osachepera 2 cm.Pakati pa mbande kuchoka pa 60 mpaka 70 cm.Pakulitsa calendula wamankhwala, mtunda ungakhale wocheperako.

Zofesedwa ndi mbewu, njira yobzala imachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Poterepa, njere zimabzalidwa m'mizere yokonzekera kale.

Pochita izi, tsatirani malamulo awa:

mtunda - kuchokera 30 mpaka 40 cm;
ngalande yakuya - kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 4 cm.

Kuyika calendula pafupi kwambiri kumachedwetsa kukula kwake.

Mbande zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika mu Meyi. Asanatumizire mbande pansi, amafunika kuumitsa pathanthwe kapena khonde. Nthawi imeneyi imatenga pafupifupi sabata.

Chisamaliro cha Calendula M'munda

Kukula ma marigolds satenga nthawi yayitali komanso sikufunika kuchita zambiri.

Mkhalidwe waukulu ndikuchitika kwakanthawi kwa ntchito zaulimi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuthilira, kuvala pamwamba, kumasula komanso kudula.

Ngati zonse zachitika molondola, calendula imaphukira kwambiri mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Kuthirira

Kukula kwa njirayi kumatengera nyengo. Ngati nyengo ndi yotentha kwambiri, kutumphuka kolimba kumawonekera panthaka. Chifukwa cha izo, kusinthana kwa mpweya mumizu kumasokonekera.

Mukathirira, osalola kusayenda kwa madzi kwakutali.

Chifukwa chothirira nthawi zonse, mbewuyo imatha kukhala ndi nyengo yopanda mavuto. Pakakhala chinyezi chokwanira, kuchuluka kwa inflorescence kumachepetsedwa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kuphatikizika kwa osakaniza mwachindunji kumatengera mawonekedwe oyamba a dothi. Chifukwa cha kusasamala, calendula imatha kukula ngakhale panthaka yopanda chonde. Kamodzi pamwezi, misomali imaphatikizidwa ndi ma nitrogen okhala ndi ma protein. Pankhaniyi, mlingo uyenera kuonedwa. Kuchuluka kwake kukuwonetsedwa ndi kufinya kwamphamvu kwa inflorescences. Zopangira zachilengedwe zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuvala kwapamwamba. Mndandandawo umaphatikizapo kulowetsedwa kwa nettle, yankho la mullein ndi zitosi za mbalame. Ndikofunikira kuti boron akhale gawo la zovuta.

Tsinani

Mwa njirayi, mutha kukulitsa maluwa. Ndondomeko ndi yosavuta. Ziphuphu zimafunika kudula zisanachitike. Lingaliro lokhomphola amatanthauzanso kuchotsedwa kwa nsonga zomwe zili pamwamba pa malo okula. Awa ndi malo omwe tsamba la masamba amapezeka. Gawo lomwe latchulidwalo liyenera kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lumo. Zotsatira zake, inflorescence yatsopano ndi nthambi zimakhazikitsa. Dulani mphukira ndi ma corollas kuti mumakololedwa kuti ziume kwambiri.

Kutolera mbewu

Mbewu zimakolola pokhapokha nyengo yabwino. Mukadula, madengu omwe ali ndi njere amachotsedwa limodzi ndi chidutswa cha peduncle. Ayenera kukhala opsa. Popewa kukhetsedwa ndikubzala tokha, chikwama chachigoba chimayenera kuyikidwa pamalowo.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Calendula samatha kugwidwa ndi matenda ambiri komanso tizirombo. Pokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri pamtengowo, zizindikiro za ufa wa poty ndi mtundu wakhungu zitha kuwoneka. Vutoli litha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides. Pakati pawo, Topsin, Skor, Fundazol ndi Topaz amadziwika. Njira yothandiza kwambiri yochepetsera ndikucheperachepera kwamtunda.

Calendula sachita mantha ndi majeremusi ambiri. Chokhacho chingakhale nsabwe za m'masamba. Mutha kuchotsa ndi thandizo la mankhwala apadera, monga Antitlin, Fufanon, Biotlin, Karbofos, Aktellik ndi Akarin.

Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: calendula - dokotala m'munda

Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za calendula zimafotokozedwa ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

carotenoids - siyani njira zotupa;
sterols - kusintha magwiridwe antchito amtima ndi kuzungulira kwa dongosolo;
triterpenoids - kuchepetsa shuga;
flavonoids - imathandizira kusinthika, kuyeretsa thupi la poizoni ndi poizoni;
mafuta ofunikira - kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
coumarins - kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha thrombosis;
kalendala - mabala amachiritsa;
mavitamini ndi mchere - chotsani matenda opatsirana.

Ma bonasi owonjezerawa akuphatikiza kukulitsa mphamvu, kukhazikitsa kagayidwe kazinthu komanso kukonza ntchito yamanjenje. Musanagwiritse ntchito calendula mu mankhwala osakanikirana ndi homeopathy, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zoyipa sizitha kupewedwa.

Calendula imawoneka bwino m'minda imodzi ndi gulu. Mitundu yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maziko, osasinthika amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa njira zaminda, mipanda ndi zisumbu. Ma marigold achikasu a lalanje amaphatikizana ndi maluwa ofiirira, burgundy ndi maluwa abuluu.