Mu chilengedwe, izi zodabwitsa zosatha za banja la Rosaceae zikuyimiridwa ndi mitundu makumi asanu. Ena mwa iwo adalandiridwa ku chikhalidwe, ena amawoneka ngati namsongole m'makontinenti onse padziko lapansi kupatulapo Antarctica, ndipo ena adatsala pang'ono kutha.
Mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, chomerachi chimatchedwa "Avens", "mizu ya njoka", "vivishnik". Anthu amagwiritsira ntchito rhizomes, masamba ndi maluwa a mitundu yambiri kuphika, mankhwala amtundu komanso ngakhale makampani. Taonani chithunzi china, ndi gravilat, ndi mitundu iti ndi mitundu yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kulima m'mundamo, ndipo imapezeka m'maina a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mzinda
Gravilat m'tawuni (Géum urbánum) sichikulira pamwamba pa masentimita 60. Muzovuta zowuma, zimayambira pafupifupi masentimita 30 mu msinkhu.
Mukudziwa? Ku Sweden, kwakhala kwanthaŵi yaitali kuwonjezera mizu yowuma mumzinda wamatauni kumudzi, mowa vinyo woyera ndi vermouth. Amakhulupirira kuti chigawochi chimateteza zakumwa kuchokera ku asidi oposa ndipo zimawapatsa kukoma ndipadera.Zosatha zimakhala ndi mizu yambiri yosasunthika, masamba a pubescent, amamera molunjika ndi mulu wofewa woyera pamapeto. Masamba a masamba a basal ali ndi petioles ndipo amapangidwa ndi masamba 3 mpaka 9 ngati mawonekedwe ophika ozungulira omwe ali ndi gawo losafunika.
Maluwa osakwatira amapezeka kumapeto kwa kasupe ndikupitiriza kufalikira m'nyengo yachilimwe. Kunja, iwo ndi ang'onoang'ono, kawirikawiri mandimu kapena kuwala kofiirira, okhala ndi mapaundi asanu, omwe mulu wautali wochepa wautali umatha kuwoneka. Kumayambiriro kwa autumn, mbewu zimapsa, zomwe zimafanana ndi nthiti yaing'ono yomwe imakhala ndi mphuno yaitali.Chomeracho chili ndi tanins, glycoside, mafuta ofunikira, ascorbic acid, vitamini A, wowuma ndi nsabwe. Zigawozi zimakhala ndi phindu pa thupi laumunthu, choncho, anthu amakolola chikhalidwe monga mankhwala ochizira. Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa amathandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchiza mabala, kuima magazi, komanso kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. 
Ndikofunikira! Udzu wa gravilat umakololedwa masika, pamene maluwa oyambirira akuwonekera, ndipo muzu umakumbidwa musanayambe maluwa kapena nthawi yophukira.
Mtsinje
Mtsinje Gravilat (Géum rivále) ndi wa zamoyo zowonongeka. Mutha kuzilandira m'mapiri a acidic, komwe nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa, yofewa komanso yochulukitsa zakudya. Ndiponso, osatha amapezeka m'mabanja a matupi a madzi ndi m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Udzu sulangizidwa kuti ugwetse, chifukwa uli mu Bukhu Loyera la Ukraine.
Buku Lofiira limaphatikizansopo: zikopa, zitsamba zamapiri, zitsamba zosamba, suti yosamba, hydrangea yamoto, mazira ambirimbiri, multiflorum cotyles, miyendo iwiri yotchedwa dacha, msondodzi wa mbuzi.
Mitundu imeneyi, monga abale ena, imakhala ndi mizu yambiri yokwawa kwambiri, mapiko okongola omwe amakhala ndi nthambi zowonongeka ndi mulu wandiweyani. Kutalika kwa mphukira, malingana ndi momwe zimakhalira kumera, kumafika pa 25 mpaka 80 masentimita. Masamba a mtsinje wa gravilatum amakhalanso ophwanyika, ali ndi miyendo isanu, ndi mapiri osagwirizana ndi petioles aatali.
Maluwa akuthamanga, ofanana ndi belu laling'ono lokhala ndi nsalu zofiirira kwambiri. Ndalama zimatsegulidwa kwinakwake kumapeto kwa May ndipo zimatha masiku 20. Pakati pa chilimwe kamphanga kakang'ono kofiirira kamayamba kuphulika pazitali za peduncles ndi zipatso zapakati zomwe zimapangidwira. 
Mukudziwa? Gravilat ndi chomera chabwino cha uchi komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mizu yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina opanga utoto wakuda, wofiira ndi wofiirira, komanso mizu yopwanyika imawonjezeredwa ku marinades ndi chakudya chamzitini monga zonunkhira.
Tamer
Mtundu wa Gravilat (Geum rivale) ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yochepa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa m'madzi am'munda. Kawirikawiri amatha kulima ngati mthunzi wa chikhalidwe, chifukwa maluwa ake ochepa samapangitsa chidwi. 
Kunja, chomera chokongola ichi ndi mzere wamtali wowala wowoneka wofiira ndi burgundy ndi masamba akuda a nthenga zamphongo. Chikhalidwe chimayamba pachimake kumapeto kwa kasupe. Ndiye pa peduncles, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi masentimita 70 mu msinkhu, maluwa ang'onoang'ono a pinki omwe ali ndi makapu ofiira amawonekera. Pamene gravilatum imamasula, pistils yomwe imafalikira imakhalabe pa miyendo yaitali. Patapita nthawi, iwo amapanga mbewu yochepa.
Chomeracho chimabereka kokha mwa njira ya mbewu. Kufalikira kwa mbewu kumathandizidwa ndi anthu ndi zinyama, chifukwa nthiti yayitali ya chipatso imamangirira ku nsapato, zovala ndi ubweya wa ziweto. Pakuti mtundu wazinthu umakhala wochulukira. 
Kusatha kumasiyana ndi kuphweka kwake. Pofuna kukula m'minda yamaluwa, m'pofunika kukhala ndi malo owala komanso ochepa omwe ali ndi micronutrients ndi chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Mu nthawi yoyamba ya kukula nyengo, domesticate gravilate ndi ozungulira hardwood rosette kuti bwino hibernates. M'chaka, masamba akale amafa, ndipo mmalo mwake muli mbale zowonongeka zatsopano, zomwe zikugwa. Kumalo awo kachiwiri kumakula chomwe chimatchedwa nyengo yozizira.Nyama zakutchire sizidzakongoletsa munda wanu. Mitundu yobiriwira yabwino:
- "Album" - imaikidwa ndi maluwa oyera, ndi mamita awiri mpaka 2 cm.
- "Zosiyana za Leonard" - zimakopa maluwa ochuluka kwambiri.
- "Lionel Sox" - yodziwika ndi chikasu.
Aleppo
Gravilat Aleppo (Geum aleppicum) odziŵika ndi azitsamba ambiri monga machiritso atsopano. Amakololedwa m'nkhalango kuti asamaye magazi, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi, kusamalira tulo, khunyu, matenda a m'mimba, kupweteka kwa mmero ndi pakamwa, ndi phokoso. Akatswiri odzala zophika amapatsa mizu yowuma, yomwe ili ndi zokoma zokometsera clove-sinamoni. Mafuta okoma amawonjezeredwa ku pastry, ndi achinyamata masamba - mu supu ndi saladi. 
Mukhoza kuphunzira udzu patali, monga momwe zimakhazikika zimakula mpaka masentimita 70 mu msinkhu. Kunja, iwo ali olunjika, ndi ofiira pang'ono tinge ndi wandiweyani, mulu wolimba. Masambawo ndi osalumikizidwa, omwe amaikidwa pamtunda wautali, amakhala ndi mapaundi atatu ndi awiri omwe amawoneka ngati mphete, masamba osindikizira kwambiri. Mu Meyi, maluwa ambiri achikasu okhala ndi awiri mpaka 25 mm akuwoneka pazitali zosatha. 
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala a zitsamba amatsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi thrombophlebitis ndi thrombosis yowopsa.
Fori
Fori Gravilat (Geum fauriei) ndi wamtali kwambiri, nthambi yosatha ndi masamba ofunda kwambiri, masamba ophwanyika a tuft-tufted cuttings. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za May zikuoneka kuti ndizowoneka kuti zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Zipatso globose, zipse m'nyengo ya chilimwe. 
Kumtchire, zamoyozi zimapezeka m'madera otentha ku North America, komanso ku Japan, China, Kamchatka, ndi ku Kuril Islands. Zosatha zimakhala ndi chisanu chotsutsana ndi chisanu ndipo zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi zikhalidwe za kulima.
Phiri
Gulu la Gravilat (Geum montanum) ndilofala m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Ichi ndi chomera chosatha chokhazikika, chomwe chimadziwika ndi zotsika (mpaka 30cm), masamba okhwima ndi makwinya ofiira. Pomwe akudziwululira bwino, maluwa ake amatha kufika 2.5 masentimita. Amapezeka kumapeto kwa masika ndikukula pakatikati pa mwezi wa June. 
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala a chi Tibetan amalimbikitsa kuchotsa ng'ombe ndi chimanga mothandizidwa ndi wosweka mwatsopano mizu ya gravilat.
Nthaŵi zambiri florists amafesa mitengo yosakanikirana ndi minda yamaluwa. Kunyumba kulima, gravilat imakonda malo amdima, samakonda kuphulika, nyengo yosavuta pa madigiri makumi atatu ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera, chomwe chimakopa okonda zomera. 
Zophatikiza
Gulu lophwanyika la Gravilat (Geum x hybridum) ndi mitundu yovomerezeka yomwe imaphatikiza mitundu yonse yopangidwa ndi zidutswa ndi zomera. Pano mungapeze ana a mitundu yonse ya zamoyo, koma nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku Chile ndi zofiira. 
Wosakanizidwa uliwonse ndi wapadera. Kawirikawiri mwa iwo okha otsika chisanu kukana, kusadulidwa kwa nthaka ndi kukula. Gululi la osathazikika linayamba kukondana ndi wamaluwa kuti apange chisamaliro cha pulayimale ndi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakwaniritse kukoma konse.
Mitundu yotchuka ndi iyi:
- Golden West - yamtengo wapatali wa maluwa achikasu ndi mazenera ambiri.
- Moto Opal - amaonekera moto wofiira awiri maluwa.
- Ruby - amadziwika ndi sing'anga-size carmine maluwa.
- Gladys Perry - amasiyanitsa zabwino ndi zosakaniza chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri yofiira.
- Akazi a J. Bredshaw - ndiwo mitundu yodalirika komanso yofunidwa, chifukwa ali ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri a mtundu wofiira kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Mphamvu zonse zimagwira bwino nthaka. M'minda yam'munda, vuto limathetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi ufa wotchedwa pushonki, ufa wa dolomite, fumbi la simenti kapena pulasitala wamba wakale. Kuwonetsa chilengedwe pa mita imodzi ya malo omwe mwasankha muyenera kupanga kuchokera 150 mpaka 300 g ya zinthu.
Chi Chile
Chilian Gravilat (Geum chiloense) imakhala ndi mphukira yomwe imakhala yaitali mpaka 60 masentimita, ndipo imakhala ndi chingwe cha masamba akuluakulu omwe si a pinnate, masamba obiriwira ndi a lalanje. Maonekedwe a maluwa ndi ofanana ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono. M'kati mwake, amafika masentimita atatu. 
Kusatha kumamasula m'mamasabata omaliza a June ndipo amasangalatsa ndi zokongola paniculate masamba mpaka autumn. Izi ndizo zokongoletsera kwambiri zomwe zili pamwambazi. Chifukwa cha masamba okongola, zomera zimayang'ana zabwino zonse kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula komanso pachimake. Mitunduyi idalimbidwa pafupifupi zaka 200 zapitazo. Olima amaluwa a masiku ano, chifukwa cha ochita zokolola, ali ndi mitundu yambiri yosankha mitundu yolima malo awo:
- Lady Shtradeten - limamasula chikasu chodzaza masamba.
- Fireball - imakhala ndi masamba amtengo wapatali kwambiri, maluwa ake onse amatha kufika masentimita 4, maluwa amatha miyezi iwiri.
- Goldball - izi zosatha zimakhala zakuda kwagolide, pachimake chomwe chimatha pafupifupi miyezi limodzi ndi theka.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala opangira a gravilat akhoza kusungidwa zosaposa chaka chimodzi.
Rossa
Gravilat Rossa (Geum rossii) amasiyanasiyana ndi ena omwe akuwonjezereka kuthupi. Kumtchire, zomera zimakhalabe pakati pa miyala yam'mwera ya North America komanso ngakhale tundra yam'mwamba. Kunja, ndi chitsamba chamagetsi, mpaka mamita 30 masentimita, ndipo zimakhala ndi zowonongeka kwambiri, maluwa akuluakulu ndi amaluwa oyera. Kutalika kwa masamba kufika pa 1 masentimita. 
Chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamaluwa, osati kufunafuna nthaka, kumakonda kumera m'madera osungunuka bwino. Pamene kubzala kwachangu kumapanga gulu lakuda, mpaka masentimita 35. Kusiyana kwina kwapadera kwa mawonekedwe ndiko kukana chisanu - chikhalidwe chingathe kukhalabe m'nyengo yozizira ngakhale kutentha kwa madigiri 35.
Triflorum
Gravilat triflorum (Geum triflorum, Sieversia triflora) m'tchire amakhala m'madzi ozizira ndi madontho. Kunja, kosakhalitsa ndizomwe zimakhala zotsika shrub mpaka 30 cm. 
Chidziwitso cha mawonekedwewo chili maluwa oboola ngati belu wolemera kwambiri. Nkhumbazo zimadzazidwa ndi yaitali, kwambiri pubescent burgundy sepals. Mitengo imapangidwa pamwamba pa peduncle. Nambala yawo imasiyanasiyana kuyambira 6 mpaka 12.
Mukudziwa? Poyamba, chomerachi chimatchedwa kariofillat, chomwe chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawu otanthauzira mankhwala, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi olemba zamatsenga a Middle Ages. Patapita nthawi, anthu anamasulira mawu osamvetsetseka, akuusiya kuti azidziŵa "gravilat."
M'malo okongoletsera maluwa zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malire, rabatok, komanso popanga maluwa pa udzu. Ozungulira oyandikana nawo osatha ndi phloxes, peonies, mabell, mabell. Kuwonjezera apo, m'munda ndi kutenga gravilat mukhoza kupanga munda wa mankhwala.
