Momwe mungabzala mbatata

M'zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi za zana lomalizira, kwa ambiri, mbatata zokulira inali njira yopulumukira. Tsopano anthu omwe amadziwa bwino za sayansi ya zakuthambo amapanga bizinesi yopindulitsa.

Kubzala mbatata ndi malamulo

Makolo athu amadziwa njira imodzi yobzala mbatata - kukumba mabowo ndi fosholo. Chifukwa cha kuswana kwamakono, njira zobzala sizingawerenge. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti zokolola za mbatata zimatengera njira yobzala. Inde, simuyenera kuchotsera feteleza, mitundu ya masamba ndi mvula.

Zolemba zoyambirira za njira iliyonse sizosiyana. M'dzinja, chiwembuchi chimakonzedwa ndikuukumba ndi kuphatikiza manyowa. Pakatikati, mutha kumasula dothi osakumba, koma kuyenda kosenda ndikuphwanya zovala zazikulu.

Kutalitali musanabzale, maimidwe amaphatikizidwa, amasanjidwa ndi kukula. Kuti kumere, zinthu zofunikira kubzala zimayikidwa m'mabokosi omwe ali ndi mabowo owongolera ndi kuyikidwa pamalo otentha, owala.

Musanabzala, mizere imayikidwa (kapena kukumba mabowo), manyowa pamalowo. Tinthu timene timatulutsa timayikidwa pamalo omwe adakonzedwa, ndikuwaza iwo ndi lapansi. Pamene tchire limapangika, limayalidwa kuti liwonjezere zokolola, likulimbana ndi kachilomboka kabichi ka Colorado.

Amayamba kubzala mbatata pafupi ndi Meyi. Dothi lotenthetsedwa bwino limathandizira Kukula mwachangu ndi kukula kwa ma tubers. Pofuna kutenga mbewu iwiri, kum'mwera zigawo mbatata zibzalidwa kumapeto kwa Julayi. Mitundu yoyambirira imasankhidwa, pomwe imakololedwa mpaka chisanu choyamba.

Kusankha ndi kukonza kubzala

Kutsatira zomwe anthu amakonda, muyenera kubzala mbatata mutangotulutsa maluwa. Muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera zonse zofunikira kuti zitheke. Zaka zinayi zilizonse, izi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizisinthidwa, kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu yatsopano.

Mbewu zimagulidwa mwezi umodzi zisanabzalidwe. Akatswiri odziwa zinthu zakuthambo amalangizidwa kuti azigula m'masitolo apadera komanso makanema ochita malonda. Zimatenga ndalama zochulukirapo kuposa misika, koma chiopsezo chotenga matenda ndi matenda okhala ndi tubers ndizochepa. Mbatata za osankhika ndi zabwino kwambiri; zimagulidwa m'misika. Mtengo wake ndiwokulirapo ndipo amapita kukaweta chaka chamawa. "Ana" osankhika amatchedwa mbatata za kubereka koyamba.

Zomera zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku ma tubers ndizoyenera chakudya komanso mbewu. Pambuyo pa osankhika, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mitundu muzaka 5-6 ndipo ndichifukwa chake. Tubers wachitatu, chachinayi (ndi zina) kubereka kumadutsa matenda ndi kuwonongeka. Mibadwo yambiri yomwe mbatata yapamwamba imasiyanitsidwa ndi yobereka, yomwe imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amtundu uliwonse.

Pogula, yang'anirani maso - ambiri aiwo amalonjeza kupindula kwambiri. Mbatata sizinagulidwe zitaphukika, apo ayi zikumera zimathyooka pakagwiritsidwe. Zowola ndi zowonongeka sizololedwa.

Pogula, amayesa kukaniza kwa mitundu kumatenda ndi tizirombo. Kutetemera kwakukulu kumatenda otsatirawa mitundu:

• nematode: Sante, Zhukovsky koyambirira, Odysseus, Amadeus;
• choipitsa mochedwa: Lina, Temp, Nikulinsky, Luck;
• nkhanambo: Destkoselsky, Bryansk zachilendo;
• Khansa: Gatchinsky, Lukyanovsky, Andretta.

Zosiyanasiyana Lasunka, Ogonyok, Pomegranate, Crystal ndi okhazikika motsutsana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado.

Nthawi yodzala mbatata ya kalendala ya Lunar ya 2019, kutengera mitundu ndi dera

Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, nyengo za malo ena zimathandizira chitukuko cha mbatata.

Kuti mudziwe bwino mbewu, ndikofunikira kuwerengera nthawi yobzala. Chifukwa chake, kumadera akumwera, ndikokwanira kuti dziko lapansi lizitentha mpaka madigiri 8, pomwe madera akumpoto amafunika kutentha kwa madigiri 12.

Amasankhanso mbatata, malinga ndi dera lobzala komanso nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yokhala ndi yakucha mochedwa siyabwino ku Siberia ndi dera la Leningrad, chifukwa sangakhale ndi nthawi yakukula mpaka chisanu choyambirira.

Mitundu yoyambilira imapemphedwa kuti ikafike mu Epulo, mitundu yapakati imakhala pambuyo pa Meyi 15th. Pambuyo pake mitunduyi imakula msanga nthawi yachisanu, nthawi yakucha kwawo kwathunthu ndi miyezi 4.

Chifukwa cha zovuta za nyengo komanso nyengo, mayendedwe obzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana amawoneka motere:

Kubwatanso kwina: posankha masiku obzala malinga ndi kalendala ya Ku Lunar, zindikirani kuti mbatata za chakudya zimabzalidwa patatha masiku ochepa mwezi watsopano, ndipo kubzala pa mbewu kumachitika patatsala mwezi wathunthu.

Kusankha malo okhalitsa

Akatswiri a sayansi ya chilimwe atangosankha njira yanji ndi njira yodzalitsira mbatata, malo osankha mbatata mbatata amasankhidwa. Mmasamba amakonda nthaka yopepuka yokhala ndi mchenga wocheperako.Amakonda malo omwe kale anali peatlands ndi chernozem.

Clay izilepheretsa kukula kwa mbatata. Amathetsa vutoli mwakuwonjezera mchenga pachimangacho, kuthira manyowa ndi manyowa, ndipo mbatata zimabzalidwa kumapiri. Chinyezi chimachepetsedwa powonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kapena laimu.

Mukugwa, amakumba fosholo pa bayonet, kuchotsa mizu ya udzu, chomera zinyalala, manyowa ndi manyowa ndi kompositi, koma osasunthira pansi. Izi zimapangidwa kuti tisunge chinyezi cham'madzi komanso kuti zitheke bwino. Ngati malowa ndi dongo, ndiye kuti pakuchotsa madzi a kasupe nthawi yophukira, ndibwino kuti mupange miyala. Chapakatikati, mundawo umakumbidwanso ndikuwononga kosungira. Pambuyo pachisanu chisanu, ndikokwanira kumasula chiwembucho, ndikukhalabe chinyezi.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zodzala mbatata

Kuti musankhe zokolola zambiri osati kuthana ndi mavuto, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta:

• nthaka itenthe bwino. Bedi lozizira limalepheretsa kukula kwa mbande, tubers timayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, kuwonjezera apo tidzatetezedwa ndi matenda.
• Osakoka kubzala mbewu, apo ayi madzi omwe adalandidwa ndi chisanu nthawi yachisanu amatha kutuluka osafikira mbewu.
• zibzalidwe ziyenera kusungidwa ndi kumera mbewu. Mbatata zodzala siziyenera kukhala ndi zowola, chinyezi kapena ming'alu.
• ku dera lililonse ndi nyengo yawo, obereketsa apanga mitundu yapadera. Izi ndi zofunika kuziganizira.
• kudziwa mawonekedwe ndi acidity motere. Nyowetsani dothi lapansi ndikufinya m'manja mwanu. Ngati sichidagwa, nthaka ndiyosalala. Chinyezi amatsimikiza ndi zomera. Pa ndale pansi, kubzala nthula ndi bindweed kukula. Plantain ndi buttercup amakonda malo acid.
• Mbatata siziyenera kubzalidwa kwa zaka zingapo mzere patsamba limodzi. Izi zimachepetsa nthaka, tubers imayatsidwa matenda ndi tizirombo. Sankhani malo oti mubzale malo omwe ma beets, mpendadzuwa, nyemba, maungu, ndi nkhaka zimamera.
• ndi chisamaliro chabwino kuchokera ku zana limodzi, mutha kutolera 500-600 kg. Koma ngati mukuyenera kumva nkhani ya mbeu 20 kg kuchokera kuchitsamba chimodzi, izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewuzo zidathandizidwa ndi waukulu feteleza. Zikuwonekeratu kuti masamba ngati amenewo siabwino kwa anthu ndi nyama.
• zimachitika kuti pofuna kupulumutsa mbewu zofunikira ziyenera kudulidwa. Pofuna kuti asachotse matenda mwangozi kuchokera ku masamba obwera odwala kupita kwa athanzi, mpeniwo umamizidwa nthawi zonse mu njira yothandizira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Mbatata samadulidwa osati paliponse, koma, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mphukira zomwe zimakula bwino zimasonkhana pamwamba pa mutu.
• Kukula kwabwino kwa mbatata zambewu ndi dzira la nkhuku, ndipo ndichifukwa chake. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timakhala ndi michere yaying'ono ndipo mbewu, sizikhala zofunikira. Ndipo mukawononga nthawi yayikulu kubzala mbatata zazikulu, imasiya masamba ambiri.

Njira zapamwamba zakufikira

Pali njira zambiri zobzala mbatata. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake. Ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwa akatswiri azamayiko aliwonse amasankha omwe ali oyenera kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa dothi ndi zipatso.

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe mungabzala mbatata, muyenera kuthana ndi chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Pansi pa fosholo

Pansi pa njira ya agogo akale, chiwembu chotenthetsera chija chinamasulidwa ndi pitchalo kapena chingwe. Zingwe ndi zikhomo ndi gawo la tchire zamtsogolo. Mulifupi pakati pa mabedi ndi 65-75 masentimita, pakati pa mabowo pafupifupi masentimita 30. Anthu awiri ndi okwanira ntchito: wina amakumba, winayo amaponyera mbatata m'matumba. Feteleza kapena manyowa amaikidwa pachitsime chilichonse, ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi nthaka kuchokera kuchitsime chotsatira. Mphukira zisanaphuke, zimaduka kawiri. Zoyipa za njirayi: mutamasula, muzu mutha kuvulazidwa; Chifukwa cha kakulidwe kazomera kazomera, nkovuta kumasula pansi mozungulira tchire ndipo tizirombo tambiri tisonkhana pamenepo. Kubzala ndi kubzala mbewu munjira imeneyi ndizambiri zolimbitsa thupi.

M'makhola

Pali malo ena omwe pansi pamadzi pamakhala pochepetsa mbewu chifukwa chakuyandikira kwawo. M'madera otere ndi dothi lodzala ndi dothi, mbatata zimabzalidwa motere. Matrakitala amapanga zitunda zazitali, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 15. M'lifupi mwake muli masentimita 60-70. Tizilomboti timabzalidwa pamitunda iliyonse masentimita 25-30. Pano, palinso chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mizu pakufukula, kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuchepa ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata. Koma mwayi wa njirayi ndikuti pamtunda chinyontho chimawuma msanga, ndipo izi zimateteza ma tubers kuti asavunde. Ubwino wina sikuti kugwira ntchito yamanja, koma kugwira ntchito mwamakina.

Mu ngalande

Kukonzekera kumayamba mu kugwa. Mosiyana ndi njira yakale, magoba amakumbidwa kuti asunge chinyontho. Amakumba bowo lomwe limakhala ndi kansalu kokwanira kupanga fosholo imodzi ndi kuya komwe, pafupifupi masentimita 40. Kutalikirana kwa mzerewu ndi mabatani awiri, omwe ali masentimita 80. M'dzinja, udzu umayikidwa mu dzenje, wophwanyika ndi manyowa kuchokera pamwamba, feteleza ndi anyezi mankhusu amawonjezerapo (amawopsyeza waya. Chapakatikati, tumphukira tumphukhu timayikidwa pamwamba pa kompositi, ndikuwaza ndi lapansi. Zotsatira zake, zimawotezedwa, kunyowa, sizifunikira kuthirira, ndikulandila feteleza ofunikira ochokera kompositi, omwe amakhudza zochuluka. Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizana ndi kukonzekera mayendedwe akugwa. Ndipo ngati mvula-masamba a chilimwe amatha kuvunda.

Ukadaulo waku America

Iyi ndi njira yakuya kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito 22x22x22. Pakutali kwa masentimita 22 kuchokera kumabowo oyandikana, amakumba bowo lakuya masentimita 22. Masamba omwe adayikidwamo amapereka chitsinde chachitali mobisa, pomwe mbatata zazing'ono zimamangidwa m'litali lonse. Koma njirayi ndiyoyenera kupepuka kwamchenga wopepuka. M'dothi lodetsa, mbatata zimavunda.

Tekinoloje ya Dutch

Amapereka zodzala mbatata m'mabedi akulu. Mbatata zimabzalidwa zitsime ndi feteleza. Tchire lokongola, dziko lapansi limasungidwa kuchokera kanjira. Ndi mtunda waukulu pakati pa mabedi, mizu yake siyowonongeka. Kukula tchire kumiza, kumasula dothi lozungulira iwo.

Njira ya Mitlider

Malinga ndi ukadaulo wa asayansi, timatumba timabzalidwa malinga ndi dongosolo lotsatirali. Mulibe mabedi akulu ofanana ndi 35cm okhala ndi zingwe ndi zingwe pamalowo.Mizere yotalika masentimita 90-100 imatayidwa.Mabedi omalizidwa amakumbidwa ndipo amakhala zaka zingapo. Kenako ma bumpers a dongo amapangidwa pa iwo. Bedi lodothi mkati limalumikizidwa ndi phulusa, kompositi, ndowe za nkhuku. Mizu yophukira imabzalidwa m'mizere iwiri yoyendera pambuyo pa masentimita 30. Mpaka mtundu utawonekera, iwo amasungunuka kawiri ndikuthira manyowa, popanda kufesa nthaka. Ubwino wake wa njirayi ndi tchire la mbatata zomwe sizifunika kukonzedwa ndi glanders. Kusintha kotereku ndikoyenera dera laling'ono, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mbewu zimapereka zokolola zambiri. Zokhazo zoyipa: muyenera kusinkhasinkha mabedi.

Tikufika pansi pa udzu

Makolo athu amadziwa kubzala mbatata m'zaka za zana la 19. Poterepa, tsamba limakolola mu kugwa, ndikuphimba ndi udzu m'magulu angapo. M'nyengo yozizira, imayamba kumera. Chapakatikati, mbatata zimabzalidwa mumsanganizo wama micherewo, ndikupanga ma aisles 70. M'malo mongolola, udzu umawonjezeredwa nthawi iliyonse. Njira yake ndi yabwino chifukwa tchire silifunikira udzu ndi udzu, palibenso tizirombo ta mbatata. Kompositi imagwiriziziranso timadziti, ndipo osalumikizana ndi nthaka amafukula oyera pakugwa.

Kukula mbatata pansi pa agrofibre kapena makatoni

Kusankha kuli kofanana ndi "udzu" umodzi, ndi zida zapadera zokha kapena makatoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake. Chingwe chimayala pamalo okumbidwawo ndi umuna, mabowo amawadula pamwamba pa mabowo pomwe timadzala tomwe timabzala timabzala. Agro-fiber imatha msampha wa udzu. Tsambalo silifunika kupalira, kuthirira ndi feteleza, chifukwa zinthu zonse zofunika kuti chitukuko chikhale pansi pa filimuyo. Mtengo woyipa wokha wogula zinthu.

A Dachnik adalangiza: kubzala mbatata kwa aulesi

Momwe mungabzala mbatata popanda kuchita zambiri? M'matumba, m'mbale ndi m'mabokosi. Kwa olimiwo, uwu ukhala upangiri weniweni.

Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa zing'onozing'ono zadothi.

1. Drainage imathiridwa m'thumba, dziko lapansi limawonjezeredwa. Mbatata zodzala zimayikidwa pamwamba, zowazidwa ndi osakaniza ndi dothi, komwenso ndi magawo ofanana. Zikangotulutsa koyamba, iwo amaphatikiza michereyo m'thumba, ndikuiphimba. Pokulitsa mbatata, osakaniza ndi dongo amawonjezeredwa kangapo. Njirayi imafunikira kuthirira ndi feteleza nthawi zonse, chifukwa pansi mu thumba mumayamba msanga.
2. Mukabzala mbiya, umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo, mabowo okha ndi omwe amakumba mu thanki kuti mpweya wabwino uzungulira ponsepo ndipo pansi pake amachotsedwa. Oyesera ozindikira akuti mwanjira iyi ndizotheka kutola pafupifupi chikwama cha mbatata.
3. Ngati masamba abzala m'mabokosi, kuwapangira kuyenera kumalizidwa pomwe tchire limakula. Bokosi lam'munsi limayikiridwa ndi njerwa kuti mpweya wabwino uziyenda bwino. Pansi limakutidwa ndi pepala, dongo lokwezedwa limatsanulidwa, nthaka yachonde imawonjezeredwa ndipo mbatata zimayikidwa, yokutidwa ndi dothi losakaniza. Nthambi zowonera bokosilo zidzadziwitsa mwini wake kuti nthawi yakwana kukhazikitsa bokosi lina kuchokera kumwamba, ndikuwonjezera dothi. Ndipo motero amachita nthawi ya budding isanachitike. Ubwino wa "njira ya waulesi" ndikuti palibe chifukwa chofuna udzu ndikumata mbewu, kukolola ndikotheka popanda kukhala ndi chiwembu chachikulu. Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizapo kuthirira pafupipafupi.

Pomaliza

Monga lamulo, mwa njira zonse, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo amasankha yomwe imapereka mbewu yabwino kwambiri komanso yoyenera kudera linalake.

Muli ndi chidziwitso cha njira yabwino yobzala mbatata, kusankha mitundu yomwe imakonda nthaka ndi nyengo, chisamaliro choyenera komanso chisamaliro, yophukira ikusangalatsa kukolola bwino. Mukungoyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta ndikukonda kugwira ntchito pansi.