Zinnia kapena zinnia pa kalembedwe koyambirira ndi chomera chosatha kutentha chokhazikika chomwe chimapangidwa kamtunda kotentha monga chaka.
Anatchulidwa pambuyo pa director of the Botanical Garden, a Johann Zinn. Dzina lachiwiri lodziwika ndi Major. Za banja la asters, pali mitundu yopitilira 20, mitundu yopitilira 50 ndi yowerengeka.
Amasiyana mu mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa masamba mu mawonekedwe a zisoti okhala ndi mawonekedwe a hemispherical kapena lathyathyathya. Mitundu yayitali imakulikiridwa kukhala maluwa, kudula maluwa kuyimikidwa m'maluwa kwa masiku 20. Zitsamba zapakatikati ndi zotsika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula malo. Kulima kosavuta ndikosavuta.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a zinnia
Chitsamba chamaluwa chokhala ndi nthambi zomata kapena chofalikira. Chikhalidwe cha thermophilic chimawopa chisanu, chosadzichiritsa pochoka. Monga mbewu zambiri za banja la aster, zinnia sizifunikira pamtunda, zimakonda kuyatsa bwino. Kutengera mitundu, imakula kuchokera 20 cm mpaka mita. Masamba akulu ndi ovoid okhala ndi nsonga yolowera, yokuda, yakuda kapena yobiriwira.
Kukula moyang'anizana kapena whorls. Chipatsochi ndi achene wam'mlengalenga, womangidwa kapena wopindika.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa minda ndi malo osungirako nyama ngati chikhalidwe cham pachaka, ngakhale kuthengo kwakukulu kumatchedwa shrub yamuyaya. Amamera ku Mexico, North ndi South America. Makampani opanga maluwa ambiri mitundu ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, zisoti zamaluwa ndizoterera kapena mawonekedwe a hemisphere. Ma bulu ooneka ngati bango samamera molunjika, nthawi zambiri amapindika kukhala tabu, ndikupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nthawi zina timapindika kumapeto.
Maluwa a multilayer, amatha mpaka miyezi iwiri, amayamba masiku 50-55 atatuluka. Ku Russia, ukadaulo waulimi wa mbande umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mzere woyamba wa masamba akulu akunja ndi maluwa a gawo loyamba, mbewu zimakhazikika mkati mwake, zina zonse - mkati mwa chitsamba, pachimake mu chachiwiri, kutembenuka kwachitatu, mwa iwo mbewu sizingalandire mawonekedwe amtunduwo.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya zinnia
Gulu la maluwa lomwe lidalipo limapereka mitundu yambiri ya maluwa posawoneka m'mitundu inayi ya zinnias: zokongola, zopyapyala, zoyenda bwino, zopatuka mzere, ngakhale kunja kwake kumawoneka ngati myra.
Kutalika kwa tsinde ndikosiyanitsidwa:
- zinnias zapamwamba, zakula kudulira m'maluwa, izi ndi tchire kutalika kwa 60 mpaka 90. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, kuunikira, amasiyana mitundu amafikira kutalika kwa mita;
- wamtali-wamtali, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 30 mpaka 55 cm, iwo amawerengera pakukongoletsa kwamapangidwe;
- wodumphika kapena wamaluwa, amtali, kutalika kwake kuyambira 15 mpaka 30 cm, amawoneka bwino m'miyala, pamapiri a kumapiri, amakongoletsa makonde, obzalidwa mumiphika.
Mitundu yautoto ndiyofunika kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane.
Zabwino
Mawonedwe apachaka a zinnia okhala ndi miyala yayikulu ikupanga zipewa zikuluzikulu, zobiriwira. Limamasuka kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kutentha kozizira. Gululi lili ndi mitundu yazifupi, yayitali komanso yayitali. Maluwa okongoletsedwa ndi wandiweyani, m'mimba mwake amasiyanasiyana, masentimita atatu, mpaka masentimita 17. Maluwa osiyanasiyana: kuyambira oyera mpaka amphaka, mithunzi yambiri yachikaso kuyambira mandimu kupita ku kirimu, ofiira kuchokera pofiyira mpaka maroon, pali carmine, lalanje, papo, lilac. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Gulu la dahlia la zinnias zazikulu zokhala ndi maluwa akulu okhala ndi mawonekedwe amakulu a hemispatical ndi ambiri kwambiri. Reed pamakhala ndi m'mphepete mozungulira, zophatikizika mwanjira ya matailosi, ma terry inflorescence, akulu, kuchokera 10 mpaka 14 cm. Atavala maluwa, amasunga ulaliki wawo mpaka milungu itatu. Mitundu yotchuka: chimphona cha California, Giaris Giants, hybrid Russian kukula F1. Nkhani yokhudza kubereka: Chimbalangondo cha Polar chokhala ndi inflorescence yoyera-mwera, Madzi a Lavender modabwitsa amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri. Crimson Monarch ali ndi carmine mtundu wa zipewa zamaluwa, Loto lili ndi mtundu wa lilac, mtundu wokhazikika, wowala, Hallo wokhala ndi coral pink inflorescences. Giant Purple Prince kapena Ginny wokhala ndi zisoti zofanana ndi msuzi wokhala ndi lilac hue, miyala yamtengo wapatali, gleamu.
- Cactus-kapena chachikulu zinnia ndi spiky petals amatanthauza mitundu yayitali, zipewa ndi zotayirira, pamakhala ngakhale m'munsi, amapanga chubu cholimba kumapeto. Mitundu yotchuka ya Giant Cactus Maluwa idapangidwira ma bouquets, tchire ndiwotalika, mpaka mita kutalika, zipewa zamaluwa ndi lalanje, ofiira, otentha, amtundu wa carmine wakuda.
- Ma Chrysanthemums amadziwika kuti ndi apakati. Ziweto zazitali, zimaphatikizidwa mu masamba a terry. Mitundu yamtundu wachikale imapangira chubu kapena mawonekedwe ofunda.
- Pompoms - zinnias zopindika, zopangidwa ndi kukula kwakuchulukirapo, maluwa okongola. Ozizira osagwirizana, kulekerera chisanu chaching'ono pamtunda, pachimake kuyambira Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Mitundu yotchuka: Little Red Riding Hood, mu mtundu woyambirira wotchedwa Rotcopchen. zitsamba zazing'onoting'ono zokhala ndi zipewa zautoto wofiirira wofiyira, ma petals samatha dzuwa; Tom-Thumb, mtundu wocheperako womwe umafanana ndi Little Red Riding Hood, koma duwa silikhala lonenepa.
- Ndimalingaliro - kakulidwe kakapangidwe kakapangidwe ka maluwa okhala ndi makulidwe otayirira a maluwa okhala ndi masentimita 8-10. Mitundu ya peteleyi ndi yopapatiza ndi nsonga yokhotakhota, yosasiyanasiyana, m'mitundu yambiri imapindika, imakhala yokhayokha komanso yopanga mitundu. Nthambi zodziwika bwino za St-Staf zotchuka bwino, zisoti zokhala ndi maluwa ndizochepa, masentimita 3.5-4, mitunduyi ndi yowutsa mudyo: ofiira, matanthwe, dzuwa, oyera, chitumbuwa.
Wocheperako
Ili ndi gulu lalikulu la zinnias, kutalika kwa tchire lotalika masentimita 45-55. Zovala zamaluwa ndizochepa, mpaka 3.5 mulifupi, lathyathyathya kapena lotayirira, ngati terry. Mitundu ya sing'anga kachulukidwe, itakulungani mu chubu. okhala ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena wamtundu wa lalanje, mizere yazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zimakhala zakuda kuposa zina zonse. Kunja kwakanthawi kochepa kofanana ndi marigold.
Zotchuka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe:
- Kalipentala waku Persia, pachitsamba chowala nthawi yomweyo pamakhala masamba osiyanasiyana ochokera pachikasu chadzuwa mpaka safiro.
- KandyStrip, mtundu wodziwika bwino wa carboti waku Persia, amadziwika ndi miyala yamaluwa yamizeremizere, dzina lachiwiri la mitunduyi ndi Tiger.
- Ulemerero, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi chitsamba chosadetseka yopangidwa ndi zipewa za utoto wowala wa lalanje, nthawi zina malire amdima akuda amawonekera pamatumba.
- Cherry - wosakanizidwa amtundu wokhala ndi mphukira zophukira, ogwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa chaka chonse kunyumba m'miphika, hemispherical, masamba a terry, kusintha kwa mtundu wa petal, lalanje pamunsi, safironi pamutu.
- Kapeti waku Persia wofanana ndi carpenta waku Persia, mtundu wa ma petalswo ndi oyera kapena ndimu, tchire ndilakuthwa, lalikulu.
Zophatikiza
Otsala adalandira zokongoletsera zambiri podutsa zopendekera zopendekera komanso zopatsa chidwi, mitundu yotchuka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe:
- "ProfusionMixed", idatulutsa mitundu ndi mitundu ya kukula pansi pa chizindikiro ichi. Nthambi za thengo bwino, zowuluka ndi maluwa a multilayer. Mafuta a hybrid zinnia ndi ofanana ndi chamomile.
- Kusakaniza kwamtundu wa Karusel ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono kakang'ono kwambiri ka zinnia, zipewa ndi zokunira, mafelemu amapendekera kumtunda, amasiyanasiyana mtundu, ang'ono, amakula kumapeto kwa mthunzi wina.
- Mitundu ya Svizl imayimiriridwa ku Russia ndi mitundu iwiri ya Cherry Ivory yokhala ndi zonona-zonona-zonona, masamba omwe amasintha ma hue mpaka kumapeto; Scarlet Yelou ndi zipewa za utoto wofiirira, pamakhala ozunguliridwa ndi malire a bulauni.
- Agalu a Shaggy - chitsamba chamtali chokhala ndi masamba otayirira, yopapatiza, yopindika mizere yamatumba.
- "Magellan" ndi mtundu wosakula pang'ono wokhala ndi masamba owonda mpaka 10 cm. Mitundu ya haibridi: matanthwe, nsomba, lalanje, zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, ofiira owala, oderako komanso achikasu.
- Peppermint Stick ndi mtundu wapakatikati wachikatikati wokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala osinthika a petals kuchokera ku dzuwa kupita pabala.
- Kaduka ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi maluwa okhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kupaka mapaki a mzinda.
Zabwino maluwa
Kunja kumafanana ndi cosmea. Tchire ndi lotayirira, lalitali-lalitali, tsinde limakhala loonda, lofiirira pang'ono, logawika m'mabondo ang'ono. Dongosolo la maluwa ndi laling'ono, mpaka masentimita 3. Ziphuphu sizinabzalidwe, zopapatiza, zopindika, zofiirira.
Linearis
Mitundu yochepa ya zinnia, mawonekedwe a chitsamba yaying'ono kufika 30 cm, ozungulira. Mtunduwu nthawi zina umatchedwa wopendekera-koma, koma umamatanso. Ziphuphu ndizofinya, zopyapyala, zakuthwa, zachikasu. Mitundu ingapo yoswana:
- Golden Ai - yoyera chipale chofewa, maluwa okongola ngati duisy, pachimake mzere wazing'ono zazing'ono.
- Chitsamba chamoto cha Caramel chimakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi malo amdima, pamakhala matalala, matte, chikasu.
- Star Star - maluwa achikasu achikasu.
Linearis wakula mnyumba monga chikhalidwe champhika chosaphika, zinnias ndizodzichitira chidwi pochoka, zoyamikika chifukwa chophukira kwanthawi yayitali.
Kubzala zinnia
Mtengowo ndi thermophilic, sulekerera chisanu, mitundu yokhayo yosankhidwa imalola kutentha kwa subzero.
Amakula mbande za zinnia. Imasungidwa kunyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha mpaka kumapeto kwa madzi oundana. Kufesa mbewu kumachitika mu Marichi kapena Epulo, ndikofunikira kufesa zinnia m'mikapu kapena mapiritsi a peat. Dothi limagulidwa lokonzedwa zopangidwa, konsekonse kapena tomato. Nthaka imapangidwa popanda kudziyimira palimodzi posakaniza dziko lapansi la turfy, mchenga wamtsinje ndi humus.
Mbewuyo isanabzalidwe, kuti mbewuyo imere, kumera patatha masiku asanu. Madeti ofikira amasankhidwa malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi. Ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a peat, amakhala atanyowa osachotsa mauna olimbitsa. Pobzala zinnia sankhani mapiritsi ndi awiri a masentimita 4. Mu malo achiwiri kuti mukhale osavuta, makapu amodzi, mutha kugula mapaketi a cylindrical blister of 6-8. Kwezani mbewuzo ndikuya kuya kwa 0,5-1 masentimita. Mukabzala magulu, onetsetsani kuti pakhale masentimita 4 pakati pa mbeu. Kuti zikuluke mwachangu za zinnia, malo otentha amapangidwa: zotengera zobzala zimathiridwa bwino, zolimba ndi filimu, kutsukidwa pamalo otentha, kutentha kwam'mimba komwe kumalimbikitsa ndi + 25 ... +27 ° С.
Kuwombera kumawonekera m'masiku 5-7. Kanemayo amachotsedwa, mbande zimasamutsidwira kumalo otentha.
Zambiri za zinnia zokulira
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, mbande zimaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza zovuta za Agricola zam'munda. Pobzala mbewu zambiri, madzi amatuluka mumtsinje wina pambuyo pa tsamba lachitatu lonse.
Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri sikokwanira kuposa +22 ... +24 ° С, osati kutsika kuposa +17 ° С. Ngati mbande imatambalala kwambiri, imachepetsa, ndikuwonjezera maola masana mpaka maola 14. Mbewuyo imaphuka patatha miyezi 2.5 kuchokera pomwe mbewuzo zidamera, mbande zimazulidwa ndi zaka 4 mpaka 6 milungu. Mukukula, kupanikizika kumapangidwa kuti kuwonekere kwa mphukira zamtundu, zomwe zimachotsedwa pa tsinde. Mutha kudula ndi lumo, amatetezedwa kuti asafe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuthira feteleza munthawi yakukula sikuchitika kopitilira 1 mwezi pamwezi. Ndikofunika kusankha zovuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous. Nitrogen feteleza amachepetsa, kuti asazunze zowola. Pakudyetsa, superphosphate, ammophoska, potaziyamu sulfate, feteleza wokonzedwa wopangidwa "Duwa", "Utawaleza" umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Asanabzala m'nthaka, mbande zimapsa - zimatengedwa kupita kumalo abwino, zimaloledwa kugona panja, poyamba pansi pa chinsalu cha nsalu, kenako popanda izo.
Kusamalira sinamoni wakunja
Kuphatikizika kwa magrotechnical kumaphatikizapo kupalira mbande, kuthirira mu nthawi yopanda, kuvala pamwamba panthawi yophukira, kuchotsa mphukira mutatulutsa maluwa, atsopano amapezeka m'malo mwake. Ngati dothi ndilopakata, ndikofunikira kuchita kumasula.
Tsinani tchire lokongoletsera mitundu yokha. Zomwe zimayambira maluwa maluwa amasiyidwa osachitapo kanthu, ngakhale kuti duwa limakhala ndi chiwonetsero.
Tsiniya sakufuna kuti achokeko. Imakula bwino m'malo opepuka, komanso ndizosangalatsa m'malo otetezeka.
Tsiniya atatha maluwa
Pambuyo pakuuluka mozungulira pamtengo wamtunduwo, chitsime chowuma chimapangidwa pamtengo, ichi ndi mtanga wa njere. Amang'ambika kapena kusiyidwa kuti akhwime. Zowala bwino kwambiri, zophukira kwambiri mzere woyamba zimalembedwa ndi ulusi, mbewu zimatengedwa kwa iwo. Ngati mungafune, tchire limatha kusamukira ku nyumba kapena dimba lozizira.
Kodi kukolola nthangala za zinnia ndi nthawi yanji
Dulani mabasiketi ambewu nawonso amauma mpaka atagundika. Pambuyo pake, amaphatikizidwa pamanja kuti mbewu ziwoneke. Asanalongedze amapangidwira. Zinnia ili ndi gawo lodzilekanitsa: tchire losiyanasiyana limatha kukula kuchokera mtanga umodzi. Izi ndichifukwa cha gawo la mbewu.
Podzala, ingosiyani mbewu zazitali zokhala ngati mkondo ndi nsonga yolowera komanso yopyapyala ndi timaso taso. Zomera zokhala ndi mtima wakuda zimatayidwa, mbewu zosakongoletsa pang'ono zimamera kunja kwake, ngakhale njere zitengedwa kuthengo.
Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amagawa mbewuzo m'magulu. Amasankha mkondo wozungulira kuti ukhale wobiriwira wamiyala yophukira komanso wopindika, wokutira ndi mchira wa imvi, nthawi zambiri amalandira zokongoletsera.
Mbewu zimayikidwa mu phukusi, kusaina chaka chosonkhanitsa, mtundu, mitundu. Sungani mbewuyo mufiriji pepala. Ndi chinyezi chachikulu, kumera kumatsika.
Zinni osatha m'nyengo yozizira
M'madera otentha pomwe mulibe kwambiri chisanu, zinnia zimakutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce, nsonga zouma za peas, ndi zina zotayirira. Pangani chitetezo cha matalala. Kudya nyengo yozizira poyera, kukhala ndi moyo mu masika, kuyambiranso kuphuka. Ngati angafune, amakumbidwa, ndikusiyirani dongo, ndikusintha kumiphika, m'malo amaluwa, ndi mumtsuko. Amasinthidwa kumunda wozizira kapena nyumba yake nthawi yachisanu. Popewa kutulutsa maluwa, miyendo yoyenda pang'onopang'ono imatulukira.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a zynia
Zinnia imateteza ku slugs, tizilombo touluka tomwe tili ndi tizirombo. Kuchokera ku fungal matenda fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zynias samadwaladwala.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: zabwino za zinnia m'munda
Chomera chimalimidwa kuti chikongoletsedwe, chimakhala malo ofunikira pakupanga mawonekedwe. Amayamikiridwa ndi eni ziwembuzo. Ubwino wa Zinnia:
- Phale lowala la mitundu ya mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi kuchokera ku chikaso chofiirira. Kupatula kwake ndi kwamtambo, mitundu ya lavenda yokha ndi yomwe imadulidwa.
- Mauva sazirala pansi pano, imani paphwando.
- Osafuna chisamaliro kutchire, osagwira chilala, osadzimvera pakuchokera komanso nthaka ya nthaka.
- Maluwa amakopa tizilombo touluka: njuchi, agulugufe. Mbewu zimadyedwa ndi mbalame.
- Kutalika ndi magawo a maluwa.
- Mitundu yamitundu, imakula mosiyanasiyana.
- Zinnia sichimapondereza mbewu zaminda, masamba, chifukwa kubzala sikovuta kusankha malo.
Mukamasankha malo a zinnia, muyenera kuganizira upangiri waopanga:
- Zabzalidwe bwino m'magulu, pakubzala kamodzi, mitundu yayikulu-maluwa ndi yabwino.
- Undersized - mapangidwe abwino a malire.
- Zinnia imaphatikizidwa bwino ndi asters, marigolds, safironi.
Pakutha kwa nyengo, tchire nditha kuziika m'miphika, zimakusangalatsani ndi maluwa chaka chonse.
