Dzungu butternut ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe unapangidwa ku United States atatha kudutsa mtedza wa mandimu ndi nthungu zaku Africa chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodziwika kwambiri ku Mexico, komwe zimalimidwa malonda, komanso ndizofala ku Europe. Dzinalo limamasulira kuti "butter butter" kapena "peanut butter."
Makhalidwe ndi kufotokozera kwa dzungu
Butternut imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake kwapadera. Monga momwe mafotokozedwe a zophikira anenera, mnofu wa raft uli ndi kununkhira kwamafuta, kapangidwe kake, fungo lokoma. Dzungu limasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake limakhala paliponse pokhapokha ngati mbewu ya agrotechnical. "Batala" amatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira, moyo wanthawi zonse wofika kukhwima mwaukadaulo ndi miyezi 3-4.
Akatswiri azikhalidwe amazindikira bwino zamasamba chifukwa cha kapangidwe kapadera ka mbewu, zomwe zimangolowetsedwa m'munsi mwa chipatso chowala, chofanana ndi peyala. Zingwe zotsala sizifunikira kuyeretsa kowonjezera.
Pali mtungu wa mitundu iwiri: shrubby ndi kuluka. Kutalika kwa mphukira yoyambirira ndi 1.5 m, chachiwiri - 2.5 m.Ulifupi wa masamba a chomera wamkulu ndi masentimita 30. Maluwa a mbewu akuyamba mu June, inflorescence ndi chikasu komanso lalikulu. Zochulukitsa zimakhala mpaka mazira 15. Zipatso zakupsa zimafika kulemera kwa 1.5-2,5 kg.
Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi chisanu, zimatha kufa ngakhale kutentha kwambiri +10 ° C. Komabe, mbewuyo sikuti imayamba kudwala, ngati zikukula zikuwoneka.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana
Chikhalidwe ndichotchuka chifukwa cha izi:
- Khungu lanu. Chipatsochi ndichosavuta kudula, palibe ntchito zowonjezera zomwe zimafunikira.
- Mbewu zimakhazikika pansi pa dzungu ndipo ndizosavuta kuchotsa. Pafupifupi 60% ya zamkati ndizopanda mbewu kwathunthu.
- Fungo losangalatsa la muscat ndi kukoma koyambirira. Palibe fungo la dzungu lenileni. Ubweya wokhawokha umakwanira zonse zamchere komanso zotsekemera. Maphikidwe otchuka kwambiri akuphatikiza kuphika uvuni ndi sinamoni, ndikuwonjezera phala ndi uchi.
- Zipatso zazing'ono. Maungu sapitirira 2,5 kg, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusunga ndi kudya. Chidutswa chimodzi chimadyedwa kwathunthu ndi mbale imodzi.
- Alumali moyo wautali kwambiri kutentha. Butternate imatha kukhalabe chatsopano kwa miyezi 6 mpaka 6, mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Tsoka ilo, mitunduyi imakhala ndi zovuta zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulimi ukhale wosavomerezeka:
- Kufuna kutentha. Chomera sichimamera mumsewu wakumpoto pamalo otseguka, chifukwa sichilola kuzizirira ngakhale usiku pang'ono. Njira yokhayo yotulukapo ndikuyambira koyambirira, kotero kuti dzungu ili ndi nthawi yobala zipatso lisanayambike kuzizira kwa Seputembala, chikhalidwe cha kumpoto kwa Russia.
- Kufunika kosamalidwa nthawi zonse.
- Kufunika pakapangidwe dothi.
Kukula mbande
Mbande zibzalidwe kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi. Mwezi umodzi zisanachitike, mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziyikidwe pamalo otentha kuti ziwonjezere kuchuluka kwa akazi akazi. Masiku angapo asanabzalidwe, ayenera kutsukidwa m'madzi ofunda, owuma, ndikusiyidwa mufiriji kwa masiku 1-2. Kenako, njere zimabzalidwa mumiphika umodzi wa peat. Mpaka kutulutsa koyamba, zidazo ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi polyethylene kuti zipange green-greenhouse.
Ndikofunika kuti ndikuthira mbande panthaka mutapangidwa masamba atatu okha.
Kukonzekera kama
Mundawo uyenera kuphatikizidwa. Kusakaniza koyenera kwa dothi polimitsa mbewu ndi kuphatikiza dimba, dothi la sod ndi briquette ya kokonati molingana ndi 2: 1: 2. Musanatsike, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi layamba kutentha kokwanira. Ngati dothi lili lozizira, mutha kuwonjezera manyowa. Njira ina yabwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yowonekera. Kutseka pansi masiku atatu, mutha kukwaniritsa kutentha kofunikira.
Kubzala mbande pansi
Malo abwino kubzala ndi dzuwa, osaphulika, popanda namsongole. Mphukira zitha kubzalidwa zikafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15. Nyengo iyenera kukhala yotentha pamsewu, ndibwino kuti muzitha kumuyika koyambirira kwa Juni. Bowo lomwe lili ndi mchenga wa masentimita 10 limakonzekera chomera chilichonse. Mtunda wocheperako pakati pa mabowo ndi 50 cm, pakati pa mizere ndi 50-60 cm.
Tikuchulukitsanso usiku. Masiku atatu oyambilira, thirirani chomera tsiku lililonse, osakhudza tsinde ndi masamba.
Chisamaliro cha Gulu Lophatikiza
Kuti chithunzithunzi chikhale bwino, timafunikira kuti kutentha kusachepera +15 ° C. M'madera ozizira, pobisalira filimu yowoneka bwino idzafunika usiku. Dzungu pamafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, nthaka siyenera kupukuta ndi kusweka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere potaziyamu mumchere wamadzimadzi tsiku lililonse la 7-10. Munthawi yopanga zipatso maulendo awiri, poyambira ndi kutha, feteleza wa Fertik amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zokwera zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kumangirizidwa kwa trellises.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kuti mudziteteze ku tizirombo ndi matenda, milungu iwiri iliyonse muyenera kuwaza chitsamba ndi Aktara ndi Fundazol. Pothana ndi matenda, zochita zenizeni ziyenera kuchitidwa, kutengera mavuto omwe abwera.
| Matenda / Tizilombo / Kuvulala kwa Leaf | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyesera |
| Bacteriosis | Mawanga a bulauni pa zipatso kapena mbewu. | Chotsani madera omwe anakhudzidwa, koposa zonse - ndi mbewu yomweyi. |
| Powdery mildew | Maonekedwe oyera mawanga, kenako azipindika. | Spray mkuwa wa sulfate 1% mpaka zizindikirizo zitazimiririka. |
| Zovunda | Chikaso, kutulutsa. | Finyani pansi ndikuwombera kuti muzu. |
| Zola zowola | Choyera pa tsinde ndi masamba, nkusandulika chakuda. | Dulani madera omwe akhudzidwa, ndikukonkha phulusa. |
| Ma nsabwe | Tizirombo tating'ono kapena zobiriwira pa tsinde. | Utsi ndi yankho la adyo. |
| Spider mite | Kangaude ulira pa mphukira. | Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la adyo kupopera. |
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga dzungu
Zipatso zakucha zitha kukololedwa kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Mvula ikayamba msanga, muyenera kuchotsa maungu asanakwane ndikuwasiya kuti akhwime m'malo amdima ndi owuma. Dzungu liyenera kukhala lofewa lalanje.
Kusunga kuyenera kuchitika pofunda. Zinyalala pa peel ziyenera kupewedwa. Ngati chipindacho chili ndi chinyezi chambiri, sizingatheke kusiya malo osambiramo.
A Chilimwe wokhala nawo amalangiza: zabwino ndi zovulaza za dzungu la mtedza
Zipatso ndizochepa pama calories, kotero amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zakudya mukataya thupi, ngati simukuphika pamoto, koma ophika. Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatsatidwa zimakuthandizani kuti mulimbikitse mtima ndi mantha. Zinthu zopindulitsa zimathandizira kuchotsa kwa poizoni, poizoni, madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera mthupi. Zinthu zingapo zimachepetsa cholesterol.
Kuchokera ku "mafuta a nati" sikuti ndizabwino zokha, komanso kuvulaza. Chidacho chimakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wa odwala omwe ali ndi gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba kapena matenda ena ammimba. Kuku zamkati kumakulitsa acidity m'mimba, ndikupangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
