Alyssum: kufotokozera, kuyandikira ndi chisamaliro

Alyssum ndi herbaceous nthaka pachikuto chomera cha Brassica kapena Cruciferous banja. Nthambi ndi zopangidwa zakale zimapezeka. Kugawidwa ku Europe, North Africa, Asia, kum'mwera kwa Siberia. Pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya alissum. Wotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa, odzichepetsa, wolekerera chilala, osawopa chisanu.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a alissum

Alyssum (alyssum) ali ndi mphukira wandiweyani, wopanda masamba, ali owongoka, akukwera kapena kukwawa. Duwa limapanga chitsamba chowoneka kuyambira 10cm mpaka mita kukwera mpaka 1.5 mulifupi. Masamba ndiakuda, osachimwa, osayenda, ozungulira, wokutidwa ndi siliva fluff. Imafika masentimita 15 mpaka 40, masamba amapangidwa ndi miyala inayi yokonzedwa modutsa, yophatikizidwa ndi inflorescence.

Maluwa amayimiriridwa ndi mabulashi ang'onoang'ono oyera-oyera, agolide, pinki, lilac, mtundu wachikaso. Maluwa mu Meyi, pachimake mpaka nthawi yophukira, mbewu zabwino kwambiri. Fungo la uchi waumwini mitundu ya alissum imafalikira kuposa mita.

Chipatsochi chimakhala ndi nyemba zosakhwima, zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito kwazaka zitatu. Rhizome wapamwamba wokhala ndi mizu yowonjezera.

Pakhapeti yopanda mafuta, alissum imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaki, mabwalo, kukongoletsa mabedi amaluwa, rockeries, ndi rabatok. Amakongoletsedwanso ndi omanga mitanda, miphika, mabokosi.

Alyssum imakhala ndi ma alkaloids, ma organic acid, flavonoids ndipo imatha kuchiritsa. Gwiritsani ntchito decoction yake kwa chimfine, kulowetsedwa kwa chisamaliro cha nkhope, ziwalo zouma mu aromatherapy.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya alissum

Mitundu ndi mitundu ndizosiyana kutalika ndi utoto wa utoto.

Nyengo ya alissum

Zolemba zimadziwika ndi maluwa ataliatali, ndipo masamba osatha amasungidwa ndi kutentha kochepa. Kutentha kwa alissum kopanda tanthauzo kumakhala kotentha komanso koopsa.

Pali mitundu yomwe imasintha bwino kumpoto, kubzala mbande za alissum pamenepo. Potentha, mbewu zimafesedwa mwachonde ndipo chomera chimakonda ndi maluwa oposa kamodzi pachaka.

Njira zobzala alissum

Alissum yabzalidwa ndi mbande ndi mbewu. Mbande zimakonzedweratu mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuyamba kwa dzuwa ndi nyengo yotentha, zimayikidwa pabedi la maluwa, njira yachiwiri ndikubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo.

Kukula kwa alissum kuchokera ku mbewu

Mukadzala mu nthanga, alissum imaphuka pakatha miyezi 1.5.

Njira ina ndikuwabzala mu Novembala. Chifukwa chake, njirayi idzachitika ndipo mbande zam'madzi zitha kukhala wathanzi. Koma nyengo yozizira imatha kufa.

Nthaka ya mbewu imakumbidwa, kutsukidwa kwa namsongole, kumasula, kuthilira ngati kuli kofunikira. Mutha kuziika m'malo okhazikika kapena poyamba pabedi lomwelo. Mbewu imayikidwa m'matanthwe. Chepetsa ndi kuphimba ndi filimu. Udzu nthawi zonse. Kuwombera kumawonekera sabata pambuyo pa kutentha kwa +16 ° C. Amapangidwira mbali yotalikirapo masentimita 10 ndikuwazidwa ndi mchere osakanikirana.

Mu Novembala, njere zimabzalidwa nthawi yachisanu isanayambe, mizere 1-2 cm.Mchenga umathiridwa, mbewu zowuma zimayikidwa, ndikuwazidwa pamwamba. Kuwombera kumawonekera nyengo yotsatira. Ngati kukuzizira, amaphimbidwa ndi kanema. Kenako, mbande ikamera, ikani pamalo osankhidwa.

Kukula mbande za alissum

M'malo ozizira, mbande zakonzedwa mkati mwa March. Mbewu zofesedwa mumbale, dothi logulidwa mu malo ogulitsira kapena mapoto okhala ndi peat. Mbalezi zimasankhidwa ndi mabowo okwirira. Amwazikana, asiya kuwala. Phimbani ndi kanema, pafupipafupi. Pangani kuwala kowala, kutentha + 10 ... +15 ° C, chinyezi chochepa, chothiriridwa. Kubwera kwa tsamba loyambilira, amadyetsa. Dumphani pomwe mapepala awiri a 2-3 apangidwe. Kuti ziumitse, mbande zimapangidwa mlengalenga kwa mphindi zingapo.

Kubzala Alissum poyera

Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kusankha kwa malo, kuthirira panthawi yake, ndi kavalidwe kapamwamba. Mbande kapena njere zimabzalidwa masika, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, pomwe malowo amayenera kupendekera dzuwa, osasunthika ndi chinyezi, dothi ndilosaloledwa, pang'ono pang'ono.

Imakonda maluwa kuti ikule pafupi ndi njira yamiyala, matailosi okongoletsa. Nthaka yathanzi kwambiri imapanga mitundu yambiri yazidutswa, ndi maluwa ochepa.

Nthawi yodzala alissum

Mwezi wobzala umasankhidwa malinga ndi dera, nthawi zambiri mu Meyi-June. Amabzala duwa pach maluwa pokhapokha chisanu chikadatha ndipo nthaka ikawuma.

Zowongolera

Mtengowo ukakula, maluwawo amatengedwa kuti amakumba dzenje kuti azika mizu. Mchenga umawonjezedwa kunthaka. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu umawonedwa 25-25 cm.

Chisamaliro cha Alissum

Thirirani maluwa kwambiri, makamaka pakutentha, koma sakonda chinyezi. Dziko likauma ndi masentimita 2-3, ndiye kuti izi zikuyenera kuchitika. Amachotsa namsongole, n kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse. Amagwiritsanso ntchito makina othirira okha.

Mbewu zam'mera zimaphatikizidwa ndi yankho la urea ndi Agricola (malita 10 aliyense 1 tbsp. L.). Asanakhale maluwa, amafunikira zosakanikirana zovuta, kawiri pa nyengo ndizokwanira. Othandizira amakonda kudya pafupipafupi kanayi. Amabweretsedwa pansi pa muzu.

Kudulira kwa Alissum

Chapakatikati kuchokera ku zitsanzo zosatha kudula maulendo akale, masamba owuma, ofooka, odwala. Maluwa atatha kuphukira, mphukira imadulidwa mpaka 50-80 mm, ndikupanga chitsamba chokongola komanso chogwirana.

Alyssum pambuyo maluwa

Alissum ikazirala, amakonzekera nthawi yachisanu. Zolemba zimachotsedwa, ndipo chomera chosatha chimadulidwa ndi 2/3 ndipo nthaka imasulidwa mozungulira.

Kutolera mbewu

Mu Seputembala ndi kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, mbewu zimatengwa kuchokera ku duwa. Kuti muzisonkhanitsa, sankhani nyengo youma komanso bata. Pansi pa chitsamba, malo ogona nthawi zambiri amatambasulidwa ndikuwombedwa ndi manja. Zinthu zouma ndi zouma, zosungidwa m'matumba kapena m'matumba a nsalu mpaka nyengo yotsatira.

Zozizira osazizira

Isanafike nyengo yozizira musachite kudulira. Alyssum amatha kufa ngati kutentha kuli -15 ° C, choncho duwa lophimbidwa ndi masamba owuma, mulch amayikidwa pansi pa tchire, matalala akuwoneka kuti adakutidwa ndi iwo. Chifukwa chake mbewuyo imapulumuka nthawi yozizira.

Alissum kuswana

Duwa limafalitsidwa ndikudula, kugawa chitsamba, mbewu, imathanso kudzilimitsa.

Njira yoyamba siyotchuka kwambiri, zodulidwa zimayikidwa mu maluwa achikulire mu chidebe chamadzi. Kenako zimakhazikitsidwa ndi dothi.

Mukagawa chitsamba, amakumbidwa, ndikugawikana magawo ndipo amabzalidwa patali 30 cm.

Njira yambewu idakambidwa pamwambapa.

Matenda a alissum ndi tizirombo

Duwa limatha kukhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndipo nthawi zina limagwiridwanso ndi tizirombo.