Mattiola (kumanzere) ndi wa Cruciferous. Komwe kunalinso chitsamba onunkhira ndi gombe la Mediterranean. Mitundu imaphatikizapo mitundu makumi asanu. Duwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera zamunda chifukwa cha fungo labwino.
Kufotokozera
Ichi ndi chomera cha herbaceous cha pachaka kapena chobiriwira, chomwe chimafika pa 0,3-0.9 m. Tsinde limapangidwa, lokongola, lopanda nthambi zambiri. Imakutidwa ndi khungu loonda kwambiri: lopanda tsitsi kapena lalifupi. Mbale zolimba zotsekemera ndi mano m'mphepete mwake. Zina zomveka komanso zofewa kukhudza. Mudera loyambira limasonkhanitsidwa mumiyala yofiyira.
Chakumapeto kwa Meyi, cystiform inflorescence ochokera wamba kapena pawiri masamba. Ziphuphu ndizazungulira, zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: zoyera-mwera, violet, lilac, rasipiberi, buluu, ndimu. Fungo lotuluka limakopa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu
Pambuyo maluwa, m'malo mwa masamba, zipatso zimawoneka. Awa ndimatumba odulidwa omwe ali ndi mbewu zazing'ono zambiri.
Mattiola bicorn ndi mitundu ina
Mitundu yonse ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu:
- wokhala pansi (wamtali);
- sing'anga;
- mkulu.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu ina:
| Mutu | Kufotokozera | Masamba | Maluwa / nthawi ya maonekedwe ake |
| Bicorn | Phula loonda, lopindika bwino limapangidwa pachitsamba chotalika mpaka 0.5 m. | Buluu wobiriwira, mzere, petioles. | Ali m'gulu la inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a panicles ndi losavuta, anayi petal corollas. Zowala kapena zonyansa zofiirira. Juni-Ogasiti. |
| Imvi | Pachaka mpaka 20-80 masentimita ndi thunthu lofooka. | Zolimba kapena zopindika kwambiri, komanso zoperewera pang'ono. | Zosavuta kapena terry. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yoyera-yoyera, yapinki, chikasu, chakumaso, chamdima cha lilac. Kuyambira mwezi wachiwiri wachilimwe mpaka kuyamba kwa chisanu. |
| Zonunkhira | Osatha mpaka 45 cm. | Emerald, yokhala ndi utali wautali wamitundu. Ziwetozi zimatha, zimasakanikirana pansi. | Zosavuta, zofiirira-zofiirira, pangani ma frisable, racemose inflorescence. Meyi-Juni. |
Zosiyanasiyana za matthiola bicorn: fungo lamadzulo ndi ena
Zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri:
| Gulu | Kufotokozera | Maluwa |
| Fungo lamadzulo | Kufikira masentimita 45 ndi tsinde lolunjika, nthambi. Amatha kumera pang'ono. | Pikini, wotengedwa mu lotayirira inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a maburashi. Tsegulani pamalowo madzulo, pafupi kutuluka kwa dzuwa. |
| Nyenyezi | Kufikira masentimita 30. Amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -5 ° C. | Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Samayimira kukongoletsa, koma amakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, losangalatsa. |
| Night violet | Kufikira masentimita 25. Amakonda dzuwa, koma nthawi yomweyo amalekerera chisanu. Chepetsa kwambiri, wokhala ndi masamba owundana. | Wophatikizidwa mu inflemose inflorescence. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi yayitali. |
| Lilac | Kufikira masentimita 50. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chisanu. | Wofiirira, mawonekedwe a maburashi. Pangani miyezi iwiri yokha mutabzala. |
Mattiola: Kukula kuchokera nthawi yobzala
Kubzala mbewu ndikusankhidwa. Kubzala kumachitika poyera mu Novembala kapena Epulo:
- M'dera lowunikiridwa, kukumbani ngalande pamtunda wa 20-25 cm, kuya kwa 5 cm.
- Sakanizani njere ndi mchenga ndikugawa wogawana mumayenje.
- Ndi kufesa kwa masika, madzi.
- Patuluka masamba atatu enieni atawonekera. Siyani kuphukira kwamphamvu komanso wathanzi pamtunda wa 15-20 cm.
Kukula mbande kunyumba
Kufesa mbewu za mbande kumachitika mu Marichi:
- Thirani mchenga ndi mchenga wofanana mu chidebe.
- Zilowerere mbeu mu potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 30, nadzatsuka ndi madzi, youma bwino.
- Kumbani mu dothi losakanizidwa 5 mm patali patali.
- Tsitsani kuchokera ku atomizer wabwino.
- Phimbani ndi cellophane, ikani m'chipinda kutentha kwa + 11 ... +14 ° C, pangani kuwala.
- Chotsani pogona pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera (pambuyo pa masiku 3-4).
- Pambuyo pa masiku 12 mpaka 13, idumphira m'madzi osiyana (mapoto ang'onoang'ono kapena magalasi apulasitiki).
- Kukula mpaka pakati pa masika.
- Sungani tchire musanalime poyera: patatha sabata limodzi, ayambe awatengere mumsewu kwa maola angapo.
- Pofika koyamba m'mwezi wa Meyi, mbande zodzaza ndi malo okhazikika.
Levkoy osatha: Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Levkoy amafunikira malo owala bwino. Ndibwino kuti izi zisanachitike pagawo palibe oimira Cruciferous (dothi lomwe lingatengedwe ndi bowa). Mattiola amakula bwino pam michere, panthaka ya airy, pH yosagwira nawo ntchito. Gawo lolemera limabweretsa imfa.
Tikufika timachitidwa ndi transshipment pamodzi ndi mtanda. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa pamlingo wa nthambizo, kusiya mtunda wa masentimita 17 mpaka 20. Ngati zibzalidwe pang'ono, matenda osiyanasiyana amatha. Tikuyankhira tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite kumapeto kwa mvula, nyengo yamvula.
Chomera ndichosavuta kubzala, chofunikira kwambiri ndikusankha malo oyenera obzala ndi madzi.
| Parameti | Malangizo |
| Kuthirira | Nthawi zonse, yaying'ono Mlingo. Madzulo, chitsamba chimatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuti fungo lamphamvu likhale lolimba. |
| Kumasuka | Kupanga nthawi ndi nthawi kuti nthaka ipumire. Pewani udzu kufalikira, zimachotsera michere, kumayambitsa matenda. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Mukabzala mu gawo lama michere, feteleza siofunikira. Chapakatikati, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya mchere pakusakaniza kwamaluwa. Zamoyo sizilimbikitsidwa. |
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Monga chomera china chilichonse, Leukemia imakhudza matenda ndi tizilombo. Kukula kwakukulu, duwa limayamba kugwa:
| Matendawa | Zizindikiro | Chithandizo ndi kupewa |
| Kila Cruciferous | Mu magawo oyamba, ndizovuta kudziwa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timawonekera pamizu, mumtundu wa rhizome. Pakapita nthawi, zimakula, zimakhala zofiirira ndikupita kumtunda. Posakhalitsa, zipatsozo zimayamba kuwola ndi kuwononga dothi. Spons za bowa zimapitilira pansi mpaka zaka 10. Ndi zowonongeka, zimasalira chitukuko. Gawo lakumwambalo limazimiririka, limasanduka chikaso. | Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa. Zofanizira zomwe zidakhudzidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa ndipo dothi lotetezedwa. Popewa matenda, muyenera kutsatira malamulo akafika. Mukathirira, osadzaza madzi osefukira. |
| Mwendo wakuda |
| Zomera zifa basi. Iyenera kuwonongeka, dziko lapansi limathandizidwa ndi HOM kuteteza matenda a tchire lina mutabzala. |
| Tizilomboti tambiri |
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A Dachnik akuvomereza: matthiola pakupanga mawonekedwe
Mattiola ndi maluwa omwe amabzalidwa m'malo osati chifukwa chowoneka bwino, koma chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake. Ngakhale mitundu yokhala ndi mitengo ya terry inflorescence ikhoza kukongoletsa dimba lililonse, khalani chowonjezera chabwino pakupanga maluwa. Levko amabzalidwa pafupi ndi windows, benchi, arbor kuti asangalale ndi fungo labwino.
Maluwa ndi oyenera kudula. Amatha kuyimilira mu vase mpaka milungu iwiri, pomwe akupanga fungo labwino.
