Gardenia ndi mtundu wa zitsamba zobiriwira kapena mitengo yaying'ono kuchokera ku banja la Marenov. Kwawo ndi Japan, China, India. Kufalikira ku South Africa.
Ili ndi dzina lake polemekeza botanist wa ku Britain ndi dotolo, mbadwa ya ku Scotland - Alexander Garden. Ali ndi dzina lapakati - Cape Jasmine.
Kulongosola kwa Gardenia
Zomera zimakhala ndi tsinde lamtengo. Masamba okongola, owongoka bwino amakhala ndi mphukira kapena masamba. Maluwa ndi osungulumwa, owirikiza, mitundu yosalala ya oyera, ofiira komanso achikaso. Dawo lawo ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Kufalikira kumakhala kwachangu komanso kwakanthawi (masiku 3-5), limodzi ndi fungo labwino. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zimakhala pachimake kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka pakati pa nyengo yophukira.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yamaluwa azinyumba
Pali mitundu yoposa 250 yachilengedwe.
Ambiri olima maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi:
| Mitundu | Kufotokozera | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Jasmine | Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 50-60 cm, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati m'nyumba. Wabwino kwambiri. | Wakuda, wowala, wamkulu masentimita 10. | Choyera, masentimita 5-7, makonzedwe mu inflorescence ndi otheka. Amakhala ndi fungo labwino. |
| Mtundu wokulirapo | Pafupifupi masentimita 70. Chikhalidwe chabwino cha mbiya. | Kuwala, kakang'ono pafupifupi 5 cm. | Camelliform 7-8 masentimita oyera-oyera, opezeka bwino, onunkhira kwambiri. |
| AchiRadik | 30-60 cm. Wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bonsai. | Choyikidwa, chofanana ndi tsamba loyambira pafupifupi 3 cm. | Zonunkhira 2.5-5cm. |
| Citriodora | 30-50 masentimita. Wakula m'mbale muli nyumba. | Amtundu wamtambo, wozungulira, wokhala ndi mitsempha, pang'ono pang'ono, wobiriwira wakuda bii. | Miniature 2 cm, mawonekedwe a mandimu asanu petelle, ndi fungo la lalanje. |
Jasmine ndi wofunikira kwambiri.
Obereketsa apanga mitundu yosinthika:
| Gulu | Zosiyanitsa |
| Nyengo Zinayi | Pali maluwa awiri pachitsamba. |
| Chinsinsi | Maluwa atali kwambiri, mwina kawiri pachaka. |
| August Kukongola | Amakula mpaka 1 m. |
| Zambiri | Giant imasiya 18 cm ndipo masamba 10 cm. |
Cape Jasmine Home Care
Gardenia ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri, koma ngati mutsatira malamulo osamalira kunyumba, mutha kukwaniritsa chitsamba chokongola, chachitali komanso chamaluwa ambiri.
| Choyimira | Kasupe / chilimwe | Kugwa / yozizira |
| Malo / Kuwala | Windo loyatsa bwino popanda kuwongolera dzuwa. Kummwera iwo amakhala ndi mthunzi, kumpoto iwo amadzaza. Osalola kukonzekera. | |
| Kutentha | + 18 ... +24 ° C. | + 16 ... +18 ° C. |
| Chinyezi | 70-80%. Nthawi zambiri amathiridwa, amaikidwa pallet ponyowa ndi dothi lonyowa kapena dongo lotukulidwa. | 60-70%. Kuchepetsa kupopera. |
| Kuthirira | Kuchulukana, popanda kusayenda kwamadzi. Monga pamwamba wosanjikiza amauma. | Zapakati, patadutsa masiku awiri atayimitsa dothi kuchokera pamwamba. M'nyengo yozizira, ochepera. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Feteleza wophukira maulendo awiri pamwezi, popanda calcium, kuchuluka kwa chlorine ndi nayitrogeni ndizochepa. Popanga maluwa - kukonzekera kokhala ndi chitsulo. | Imani. |
| Dothi | Zopangika: turf, tsamba, dziko la coniffort, mchenga, peat (1: 1: 1: 1: 1) ndi kuwonjezera kwa coconut fiber kapena dothi la azaleas. | |
Maluwa akukula:
- Pofuna kugwa masamba ndi masamba kusunga kuthirira, mkulu chinyezi.
- Utsi ndi msuzi wabwino, komanso pafupipafupi kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili m'ndende: youma zinthu - nthawi zambiri; konyowa ozizira - kawirikawiri.
- Ngati palibe maluwa, perekani zowonjezera zina.
- Amapanga maluwa osamba, kamodzi pa sabata kwa maola 3-4, asanakwane: ayikeni pafupi ndi malo osambira odzazidwa ndi madzi otentha.
- Ngati masamba sanatsegulidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, amathiriridwa ndimadzi ofunda osenda pansi pa muzu.
- Kuti apange mphukira zatsopano, maluwa owoneka amachotsedwa pa nthawi.
- Kuti mupange chitsamba chobiriwira, tsinani mbewuyo ndikudula.
- Osasuntha kapena kutembenuka.
- Osaloleza kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha.
- Kuti mumve bwino feteleza wa mchere, dothi limaphatikizidwa: kamodzi pamwezi amathiriridwa ndi madzi, amakometsedwa ndi yankho losalimba la citric acid.
- Kubzala kwa mbewu zazing'ono kumachitika ndi kupatsirana, chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa maluwa. Chakale - pambuyo pa zaka 3-4, osamasula mizu kuchokera pansi, koma kungowonjezera dothi latsopano.
Kufalitsa kwa Gardenia
Fotokozerani maluwa kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi kapena kuyambira Juni mpaka Sepemba.
Njira yabwino ndikalumikiza:
- Dulani zodulira zobiriwira (zofiirira) za 10-15 cm.
- Amathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera muzu (Kornevin).
- Amayikidwa mu peat ndi moss sphagnum.
- Pofinyani, pangani malo okhala obiriwira pothira chidebe ndi zinthu zodzala ndi chivundikiro chagalasi kapena polyethylene.
- Khalani ndi kutentha kwa +24 ° C.
- Mbewu zikakula mpaka 10 cm zimasungidwa miphika mokhazikika ndi njira yopatsirana kuti isawononge mizu yolimba.
Mavuto a kubzala, matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
| Mavuto | Zifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Chikasu, masamba akutha. |
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| Kuchotsa masamba (chlorosis). |
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| Kuyanika ndi kugwa. |
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| Kupanda maluwa. | Matenthedwe apansi pa +16 ° C kapena kuposa +24 ° C. | Khalani ndi kutentha koyenera. |
| Kugwa masamba. |
| Onani kutentha, chinyezi komanso kuwala. |
| Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. |
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| Tizilombo (masamba aphid, nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tambiri). |
| Amathiridwa mankhwala ndi wowerengeka: infusions wa nettle, adyo, burdock ndi ena. Sopo yochapa zovala zamaluwa siigwiritsidwa ntchito. Kapena mankhwala atizilombo (Aktara, Actellik). |
