Indoor violet (Saintpaulia) - mtundu wamaluwa omwe amayimira kwambiri maluwa okongola, ndi wa banja la Gesneriev. Kwawo - mapiri a Uzambar. Dera logawikirali ndi zigawo za East Africa, komwe kumakhala kotentha komanso kotentha. Dzina lina ndi African violet.
Duwa ili lidatchedwa Uzambara violet, chifukwa chofanana ndi violu weniweni, koma zoona zake ndizakuti izi ndizotalikirana ndi mbewu za banja la a Violet, zomwe zimamera nyengo yofunda.
Kufotokozera kwa Saintpaulia
Mitundu imayimiridwa ndi tchire labwinobwino tokhazikika.
Amakhala ndi mizu yopukutira yopanga mizu, yopanda minofu, masamba osungidwa bwino mu mizu. Izi ndizomwe amakonda, koma apo ayi mitunduyo ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Siyanitsani:
- Colours: mawonekedwe - miyendo (ma pansies), zodabwitsa, zamakedzana zojambula ngati nyenyezi, ma chimbale; ma petals - osavuta (ma petals 5), scallop (kuphatikiza 5 osavuta, pali ena omwe amapitilira patsogolo), semi-double (7-8), pawiri (oposa 10), ma cloves (oposa 10, koma okulirapo); olimba, multicolor.
- Masamba: mawonekedwe - ozunguliridwa, ozungulira, odutsa, okhala ndi mbali zosalala kapena zotsekera; utoto - kuchokera kubiriwira wakuda kupita kubiriwira wobiriwira, wowonekera bwino komanso wamitundu mitundu.
- Kutulutsa: micromini (mainchesi 8 cm), mini (12-15 cm), thekamini (osakwana 20 cm), muyezo (20 mpaka 40 cm).
Mitundu ya Saintpaulia (African Violet)
Zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa m'mitundu malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo:
Mtundu wa maluwa Chithunzi cham'mimba | Gulu | Masamba | Maluwa |
Pansies Zosangalatsa zisanu. Awiri ang'ono ndi atatu okulirapo. | Chuma cha Lienz Pirates | Burgundy chowulungika ndi mawonekedwe kuwira. | Pinki yowala, m'mphepete mwa chingwe cha rasipiberi chofanana ndi mphonje. |
| Cinderella loto | Mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. | Utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi malire ofiira a redt. Ma petals apamwamba ndi ochepa komanso amdima. | |
| Melody Kimi | Grassy mu mawonekedwe a mtima. | Choyera chophweka, miyala iwiri yapamwamba ndi ya buluu, ina yonse imakhala ya ufa pang'ono ndi utoto uwu mozungulira m'mphepete. | |
Nyenyezi Chizindikiritso, cholinganizidwa pakati pakatikati. | Nyenyezi Yakumwamba ya Kev | Chosavuta chowongolera. Green, yokhala ndi msana wofiyira. | Wapinki wamba komanso wapawiri wapawiri, m'mphepete mwa fuchsia. |
| Mulungu Wamkazi Wokongola | Mthunzi wachinyezi. | Terry, wofiirira-violet. | |
| Matsenga achikondi | Zokongoletsedwa zobiriwira. | Chimawoneka ngati pompons zazikulu zazikulu za kawiri kachilomboka wokhala ndi malire oyera. | |
| Kalonga wakuda | Emerald wakuda wokhala ndi ofiira mkati. | Burgundy yayikulu, yofanana ndi peony. | |
| Rosemary | Zasokonekera. | Wotuwa pinki wokhala ndi mapala amtambo wabuluu. | |
| Machimachiko | Wobiriwira wopepuka. | Chimawoneka ngati mchere wadzina lomweli wokhala ndi mikwingwirima ya pinki. | |
| Austins Kumwetulira | Kuzungulira kwamdima. | Coral ndi rasipiberi edging. | |
Bell Wothilidwa kumunsi, osatseguka kwathunthu ndikukhala ofanana ndi maluwa a dzina lomweli. | Admiral | Wopangidwa ndi mtima ndi malire. | Mpira wa buluu wamtambo. |
| Belu lowala | Green mozungulira. | Maloto abuluu. | |
| Nkhandwe yapanyanja | Wamdima wakuda. | Mtambo wamtambo. | |
| Chanson | Mtundu wa botolo wonyezimira. | Velvety buluu ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira. | |
| Robs Dandy Lyon | Mitundu ya udzu ndi kolowera motley. | Kirimu ndi wobiriwira wopepuka. Zikuwoneka ngati chipale chofewa. | |
Bowl Kusungabe mawonekedwe omwe adapatsa dzinali mtundu uwu. | Amuna a Boo | Zozungulira zobiriwira zakuda. | Makanda abuluu, oyera oyera. |
| Dongosolo la Ming | Wley motley. | Choyera ngati chipale chofewa ndi malire a pinki kapena lilac. | |
Wasp Olekanitsidwa. Awiri mwa mawonekedwe amachubu ang'onoang'ono, atatu - atapendekeka pansi. | Lunar Lily White | Quilted wobiriwira wobiriwira. | Choyera. |
| Zemfira | Grassy mmwamba ndi burgundy pansi, malo okongola. | Lilac, ngati siketi yosinthasintha. | |
| Satellite | Osiyanitsidwa olekanitsidwa. | Red-violet. |
Mitundu yotsatirayi yotchuka kwambiri yamkati m'nyumba imayimiriridwa ndi mtundu:
| Mtundu wamtundu | Gulu | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Chokhazikika | Ntchentche ya Theil | Fleecy, wopindidwa m'matumba. | Buluu. Kapangidwe ka mapira amatanthauza mavu. |
| Gillian | Yozingidwa yozungulira yobiriwira. | Zoyera, zazikulu, ngati maveke. | |
| Matoni awiri | Marie Sylvia | Oval, clear. | Utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi madera amdima. Zosavuta. |
| Ramu nkhonya | Mtundu wa nyenyezi ya phulusa. Semi-terry ndi terry. | ||
Awiri ndi multicolor Siyanitsani mu mzere wambiri kuposa utoto waukulu. | Iceberg | Mdima wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy. | Bluu ndi Mzere wama buluu wotsutsana. |
| Kudzera mu Magalasi Owona (Lukin Glass) | Grassy wokhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. | Kuwala kwapinki pawiri, ulusi wopyapyala wa rasipiberi-fuchsian hue komanso wobiriwira Woyera, woyenda m'mphepete |
M'mphepete mwa miyala ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya senpolia imatha kukhala yochulukirapo, yosakhazikika, yopingidwa (limbic).
Mutha kuwunikiranso mitundu ingapo yamitundu yoyambirira yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe awo:
| Mtundu | Gulu | Masamba | Maluwa |
| Edi | Mphepo idakwera | Mtundu wolimba wa Wavy. | Utoto wapinki, kuloza m'mphepete utoto wake kumakulira ndipo malekezero ake amakhala rasipiberi, m'malo ena okhala ndi utoto wobiriwira, monga maluwa. |
| Natalis Estravagante | Variegated ndi kuwala bulauni Madontho m'mphepete. | Zovala zoyera ndi zapinki, malire amakhala amdima wa chokoleti. | |
| Chikhulupiriro chokongola | Wobiriwira wobiriwira pa phesi la burgundy. | Nyenyezi zazing'ono zakuda za buluu zokhala ndi masiketi owoneka ngati matalala. | |
| Macho | Zosavuta zotayidwa zamtundu wamkati ndi kabowo kakang'ono m'mphepete. | Nyenyezi yofiirira ya Maroon, yoyatsidwa ndi chingwe chosiyanitsa. | |
| Kulankhula Kwamakono | Lapamwamba wobiriwira. | Zovala zoyera, malire a pinki-violet okhala ndi mikwingwirima yamtambo. | |
| Mtundu wamala | Crimson Ice (Rasipiberi Ice) | Green ndi burgundy petioles. | Pinki. Pamiyala itatu, zikwapu zofiira. |
| Nyengo Yakumwera Ya Kumwera (Kumpoto Kumwera) | Choyera ndi mawonekedwe achisokonezo amtundu wa burgundy kuchokera pakuwala mpaka matayala akuda. | ||
Chimera Amasiyana mikwingwirima yopatuka pakati ndikukhala pamatulu. | Chain | Wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mapiko a burgundy. | Wapinki wokhala ndi zotchinga za lilac zochokera pakati ndi kuzikika ndi mtundu womwewo. |
| Mfumukazi Sabrina | Wofiirira wokhala ndi miyala yambiri, chingwe chofiirira chimayimirira pakati uliwonse. | ||
Malingaliro Kupaka ndi mikwingwirima ndi madontho a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. | Chimpanzee | Warm emerald. | Pinki ndi m'mphepete yoyera ndi buluu. |
| Liv Waye | Green zosavuta. | Nyenyezi zamakhola zamiyala yamtundu wamtambo zomwe zimabalalika mosiyanasiyana. | |
| Ampelic | Madambwe a Ramblin | Mitundu yolakwika ya udzu wachinyamata. | Star lavenda yokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ofiirira. |
| Chipale chofewa cha Folin | Wamng'ono, wonyezimira wonyezimira, wosavuta. | Mitundu ing'onoing'ono yoyera chipale chofewa. | |
| Zosiyanasiyana | Pauline Viardot | Mawonekedwe okongola a pinki m'mphepete zosiyanasiyana. | Mtundu wa vin-semry terry wokhala ndi malire oyera. |
Malangizo pakusankha chipinda cha violet ndi kusintha kwake
Pogula senpolia, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- Mtengowo uyenera kukhala wobzalidwa nthawi yomweyo, osapitirira chaka chimodzi.
- Pesi ndi zotanuka, mapepala amtundu wokhazikika, popanda chikasu ndi kufalikira.
- Kuyanjana ndi kutsika kwa kogulitsa ndikofunikira.
- Nthaka yopanda zoyera.
Kuti zitheke bwino, mbewu zomwe zimakhala munyumba zimatsatira malamulo awa:
- Amathandizidwa ndi fungicide (Maxim). Pukusani, chokani kwa mphindi 20 ndikusamba mokoma ndi chinkhupule. Gawo lathiralo limathirira ndi tizirombo (Actara).
- Amaziyika pamalo patali ndi mbewu zina kwa theka la mwezi. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi aquarium yopanda kanthu, yomwe imakutidwa ndi chowonekera (galasi, filimu). Pukutani tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Mukadzakhala kwayekha, valani mbewu.
Chisamaliro cha Senpolia kunyumba
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya Saintpaulia imafunanso malo omwe amasungidwa, kupatula zamatsenga ndi chimering.
Kubzala ndi kuzikulitsa ndizovuta.
| Choyimira | Nthawi yamasamba | Zima |
| Malo / Kuwala | Windo lakumadzulo kapena lakumawa. Kutumiza kuwala kochulukirapo, duwa limasinthidwa nthawi zonse, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zojambula zozizira komanso kuwunika mwachindunji dzuwa sizivomerezeka. | |
| Kutentha | + 20 ... +22 ° C, osaloleza madontho. | Osachepera kuposa +15 ° C. |
| Chinyezi | Osachepera 50%. Kuti apitirizebe, timapakidwa ndi utsi wabwino, womwe umayikidwa mu thireyi ndimiyala yonyowa kapena umayikidwa ndi mitundu ina. | 50 %. |
| Kuthirira | Dothi likauma kuchokera pansi, liyenera kukhala lonyowa, koma osasunthika madzi. | Malire. |
| Ikani madzi odetsedwa mu kutentha kwa firiji, mosamala osagwera masamba. | ||
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse ndi michere yambiri ya mchere. | Osagwiritsa ntchito. |
| Dothi | Dothi la Senpoly kapena kapangidwe kake: tsamba, sod, dziko lotukutira ndi nthaka (3: 2: 1: 1), onjezerani vermiculite, perlite, mchenga wotseka ndi mitsinje yosemedwa (1). | |
| Mphika | Amatenga kangapo katatu ngati maudzu a chomera ndi ochepa komanso nthaka yambiri siyofunikira. | |
| Thirani | Monga lamulo, kupanga zaka zitatu zilizonse. Duwa limakhala ndi mizu yokhazikika, kotero nthawi zambiri silikulimbikitsidwa kuti lisokoneze. | |
Kukongoletsa kwamaluwa
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, nyansi yamaluwa sikutuluka, izi zimachitika:
- kuwala kochepa;
- kusowa kwa chakudya;
kuthirira kosayenera; - dothi lonyowa;
- mphika waukulu;
- Matenda kapena matenda.
Kuti musonkhezere chomera, ndikofunikira kuchotsa zolakwika zonse: ndikazitsuka ndikumakhala pafupi kwambiri, kusintha gawo lapansi, kudyetsa, kuchitira ndi fungicide ndi tizilombo.
Kufalikira kwa chipinda senpolia
Fotokozerani vutoli m'njira zitatu: ndikudula, tsamba ndi mbewu.
Mbewu
Njira yopweteka kwambiri, koma imakupatsani mbewu zambiri:
- Tengani chidebe chokwanira kwambiri ndi dothi lotayirira, chinyezi.
- Mbewu zimagawidwa pamtunda popanda kufesa.
- Filimu kapena pepala loyera limakokedwa pamwamba pa chidebe.
- Zoyikidwa pa + 17 ... +21 ° C, nthawi ndi nthawi kuchotsa malo okhala.
- Pambuyo pa theka la mwezi, pomwe ma sheet oyamba amawonekera, amadzimbira mumtsuko wamtali, wokutidwa ndi galasi.
- Zomera zikamera, zimabzalidwa mumiphika yosiyana.
Leaf
Njira yosavuta. Kufalitsa masamba ndi sitepe:
- Pakati mzere, tsamba lomwe limakhala ndi petiole 5 cm limadulidwa.
- Mizu imachitika m'madzi ndi dothi.
- Wodula masamba umazika msanga. 3-4 mbande zimapezeka kuchokera kumodzi.
Madzi
Petiole wokhala ndi tsamba amatsitsidwa mumtsuko wamadzi. Popewa kuwola kwawo, kaboni yoyatsira imasungunuka pamenepo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, madzimadzi amasintha. Mizu ikayamba kuwoneka (kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka miyezi 1.5 - kutengera mitundu), imayika pansi.
Ubwino: Mutha kuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndikutsatila njira zotsatirazi munthawi yake (chidebe chowonekera ndikofunikira).
Dothi
Tsamba limayikidwa nthawi yomweyo panthaka. Ubwino: Zimatenga nthawi yochepa, popeza mmera suyenera kuzolowera nyengo zosiyanasiyana (madzi, kenako dothi).
Kudula
Njirayi imaphatikizira kufalikira kwa ana asokondi omwe amakula m'matumbo a masamba. Kuchokera kwa iwo, chitsamba chimakhala chosawoneka bwino ndipo, monga lamulo, amachotsedwa. Koma ngati mutsina pamwamba pake, mapepala amapangidwa, ndiye kuti njirayo imadulidwa mosamala ndikuyika pansi.
Mosasamala kanthu za njirayo, mphika wokhala ndi chidebe chokulirapo chimaphimbidwa ndi polyethylene ndi mabowo ndipo mikhalidwe ina imapangidwa:
- chinyezi - 50%;
- kutentha - + 22 ... +25 ° C;
- maola masana - osachepera maola 12 (opanda dzuwa lowongoka);
- gawo lapansi lotayirira ndi kusinthana kwa mpweya wabwino;
- kuthirira ndi madzi ofunda osonzedwa nthaka ikamuma.
Matenda Aang'ono ndi Tizilombo ta Uzambara Violet
Pakakhala kuphwanya kulikonse mu chisamaliro, senpolia imakumana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndikuwopseza tizilombo toopsa.
| Kuwonetsera | Chifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Kuwonongeka kwa mbali za mbewu, tsamba limagwa. | Fusarium | Chotsani mbali zowonongeka. Amathandizidwa ndi Fundazol. |
| Chikwangwani choyera, masamba achikasu. | Powdery mildew | Gwiritsani ntchito Benlat, ngati mawonetseredwe atsalira patatha milungu iwiri, njirayi imabwerezedwa. |
| Kukutula khosi la mizu, kutulutsa masamba. | Mochedwa | Chomera chiwonongedwa. |
| Maonekedwe a phukusi lofiirira. | Gray zowola | Chotsani madwala. Utsi ndi Fitosporin kapena mankhwala ena a fungicidal. |
| Kupanga kofiira pa masamba okhala ndi spores. | Dzimbiri | Gwiritsani ntchito Bordeaux madzi ndi fumbi la sulufule. |
| Imfa ya masamba. | Bacteria bacteriosis | Kukonzedwa ndi Zircon, Fundazol. |
| Maonekedwe a mikwingwirima, kubowola ndi kusintha kwa masamba. | Spider mite | Spray ndi acaricides (Actellic). |
| Kukakamira. | Chotchinga | Gwiritsani ntchito agravertine |
| Kutuwa kwa masamba, mabowo mu maluwa, kufa kwa stamens. | Zopatsa | Dulani mbali zodwala. Amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Inta-Vir). |
| Kupeza nyongolotsi pamimba mizu yotupa, ma smears otuwa komanso kuwola kwa masamba. | Nematode | Chotsani zotupa. Pambuyo pokonza, kuziika. Spray ndi Nematicide Vidat. |
| Kusintha kwa masamba ndi maluwa, kufuna kwawo, kuterera. | Ma nsabwe | Amathandizidwa ndi madzi amchere ngati vutoli likhalabe Mospilan, Actellik. |
| Zonunkhira, mapangidwe oyera apezeka pamizu. | Muzu wa mphutsi | Kugulitsa. Gwiritsani ntchito Actara pokonza. |
| Kuzungulira kwa malo amodzi payekha, mawonekedwe a tizilombo touluka. | Amphaka ndi udzudzu | Pukuta dothi ndi Karbofos. |
| Kuwonetsedwa kwa zokutira kwakuda kwabwino, kuwalitsa masamba, kuyimitsidwa pakukula. | Whitefly | Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides (Actellik, Actara). |
Mankhwala akayamba pa nthawi yake, chithandizo cha mankhwala osamalitsa, ndikuchiritsira chimachitika, kubwerezabwereza kwa mavuto kumakhala kochepa.
Mr. Chilimwe Wotuluka amadziwitsa: violet senpolia - duwa la vampire
Chomera chimapeza mphamvu kuchokera kwa anthu m'maloto. Sungathe kusungidwa kuchipinda, apo ayi mutu ndi malaise ndizotsimikizika. Koma pali kufotokoza kosavuta kwa izi. Monga maluwa onse masana, imatulutsa mpweya wabwino, ndipo usiku imayamwa ndikupanga kaboni dayokisaidi.
Koma nkhanu zimatha kubweretsa zabwino, zimathamangitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (maphemwe, nyerere). Chifukwa chake, malo abwino kwake ndi kukhitchini.
