Washingtonia ndi mbewu ya banja la Palm. Madera ogawa - kumwera kwa USA, kumadzulo kwa Mexico. Idalandira dzina lake polemekeza Purezidenti woyamba waku America.
Zojambula ndi mawonekedwe a Washington
Mtengo wa mgwalangwa umakhala ndi masamba owonda kwambiri omwe amafikira kutalika kwa 1.5 m. Mwachilengedwe, umakula mpaka ma 25. Petioles alibe, mpaka mita ndi theka kukula. Zomera zimakhala ndi zigawo, zomwe pakati pake pali ulusi wachilendo.
Washingtonia wakula mu subtropics, mukasuntha pakati pa Russia, mwina satha kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Mukamayamwa mlengalenga, kumakhala kosavuta kuti mtengo wamanjenje uzitha kuzizira.
Mukakula m'nyumba, kutalika kwa mtengowo kumakhala kocheperako, pafupifupi 1.5-3 m, koma kumafunikabe malo, mpweya wabwino komanso kuyatsa kwabwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukule chomera pa khonde, pakhonde kapena pa loggia.
Washingtonia siili woyenera kuyang'ana malo, chifukwa imadwala pakakhala fumbi yambiri, mwaye kapena dothi mlengalenga.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Washington pakulima m'nyumba
Mitundu iwiri yokha ndiyomwe ingabzalidwe m'chipinda:
- Washingtonia ndi nichuma. Chomera chosatha, chokhala ngati mitengo, ndi masamba owoneka. Mu chilengedwe, amakula mpaka 20 m kutalika. Mnyumbayo mpaka mamita 3. Pamwamba pa thunthu matupi owonda kwambiri amawoneka. Mtundu - imvi wobiriwira. Maluwa ndi oyera. Simalimbana ndi kutentha pang'ono, nthawi yozizira imakhala bwino pa + 6 ... +15 ° C. Kunyumba, kanjedza yamtunduwu imaganiziridwa kuti ndiyakudya, petioles yowutsa mudyo imadyedwa m'njira yowiritsa, ngakhale posachedwapa mbale yotere siigwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Vashintony robusta. Chomera chokhala ngati mitengo yobiriwira chomwe chilengedwe chimamera mpaka ma 30. Kunyumba, chaka choyamba chimafikira kutalika kwa 50 cm, komanso kumapitilira kukula pambuyo pake, nthawi zina mpaka mamita 3. Thupi loonda komanso lalitali, pomwe pali ming'alu yaying'ono yotalikilapo. Masamba amakanizidwa kukhala lachitatu, lopanga mawonekedwe. Petioles adakwera, ofiira pamunsi. Maluwa ndi opinki. Moyipa amatanthauza kutentha, ndiye, pa kutentha kwa +30 ° C, mbewuyo nthawi yomweyo imafunika kuzimitsidwa. M'nyengo yozizira, amamasuka kutentha firiji (+ 21 ... +23 ° C).
Mitundu yomwe idaperekedwa ku Washington imasinthidwa bwino kukhala malo ocheperako ku Crimea ndi North Caucasus, komwe mitengo ya kanjedza imatha kukula dothi lotseguka.
Kusamalira Nyumba ku Washington
Mukamasamalira Washington kunyumba, muyenera kulabadira nyengo yazaka:
| Parameti | Chilimwe cha masika | Kugwa nthawi yachisanu |
| Malo, kuyatsa | Imafunikira kuunikira kwabwino, koma iyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lowonekera. Maola a masana ndi pafupifupi maola 16, nthawi iliyonse pachaka. M'nyengo yozizira, yowunikira ndi nyali ya fluorescent. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika kumbali yakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa nyumbayo. | |
| Kutentha, chinyezi | + 20 ... +24 ° C. Imafunikira chinyezi chachikulu, utsi kamodzi pa tsiku. Mukatentha kwambiri, pukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa. Kutentha kwa +30 ° C kumawononga mtengo wa kanjedza, m'malo mwake uyenera kusunthidwa kuchipinda chozizira. | Itha kulekerera chisanu chaching'ono, koma ndibwino kuti musalole izi ndikukhalabe kutentha m'chigawo cha + 7 ... +10 ° C. Utsi kamodzi pa sabata. |
| Kuthirira | Madzi ofunda monga dothi lamtambo louma, madzi amalowetsedwa pansi pa thunthu. | Patatha masiku angapo atayanika dothi lapamwamba. Pafupipafupi pamafunika kuwongolera, popeza kuti kupitirira mopambanitsa kungakhudze kwambiri mawonekedwe amakongoletsedwe a manja. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Phatikizani feteleza wama mineral ndi organic, 2 pa mwezi. Zomera zikufunika chitsulo. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha feteleza. | Siyani feteleza ntchito. |
Thirani, dothi
Nthawi yoyenera yosinthira ndikuchokera pa Okutobala mpaka Marichi. Zomera zokhala zaka zosakwana 3 ziyenera kuchitika m'malo mwake chaka chilichonse. Okalamba ambiri pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Washington, yomwe idakwanitsa zaka 10, singasinthidwe.
Pothira, muyenera kukonza nthaka kuchokera pazinthu zotsatirazi poyerekeza 2: 2: 2: 1:
- dziko la turf;
- pepala la pepala;
- humus kapena peat;
- mchenga.
Mutakonza dothi ndi poto watsopano, mbewuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala muchotengera chakale ndikuchotsanso dothi lochotsedwako. Kenako, ikani chidebe chatsopano ndikudzaza ndi gawo lokonzekera kale. Musaiwale za dongo lamadzi, lopangidwa ndi miyala yamiyala, liyenera kukhala pafupifupi 1/3 yamphika.
Mukaziika, muyenera kusiya kudulira, popeza kanjedza la Washington ndichomera chokongoletsera, sichimalola njirayi. Masamba akutha okha ndiomwe amaloledwa kudulidwa.
Kuswana
Pofalitsa mbewu yamkati iyi, gwiritsani ntchito njere:
- Ndikofunika kuyamba kumera mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, koma nthawi iyi isanayambe iyenera kuphatikizidwanso. Pachifukwa ichi, pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa, tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa pambewu, ndiye timayikidwa mu chinyontho chonyowa ndikuyika mufiriji kwa masiku 7-10. Pambuyo pa sabata, amathandizira kukula powayika kwa maola 10-12 mu njira ya Epin.
- Akatha kukonza dothi kuchokera pazinthuzi: dothi la pepala, mchenga wabwino, peat (4: 1: 1).
- Gawo lathiralo limathiridwa m'mbale zosankhidwa kale, njere zimayikidwamo ndipo zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi kutalika kwa 1-2 cm. Izi zikufunika kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha.
Komanso, mbewu yake imathandizira pa nthawi yake ndikuthirira. Fomu yoyamba imaphukira m'miyezi iwiri, pambuyo pake zomwe muli ndi Washington zimasunthidwa kumalo owunikiridwa kwambiri. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba 2-3, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa m'miphika yosiyanasiyana. Chitani izi mosamala kuti musavulaze mizu ya kanjedza.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Pakumalimidwa kwa Washingtonia mchipinda, chomera chimatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndikuvutika ndi zovuta zovulaza:
| Zizindikiro kapena Tizilombo | Chifukwa | Menyani |
| Mdima wa nsonga za masamba. | Osathirira madzi, kusowa kwa potaziyamu. | Njira yothirira imabwezereredwa mwachizolowezi, kuphatikiza feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu kumachitika. |
| Masamba owoneka. | Kuchuluka chinyezi nthaka, kulumpha kwambiri kutentha. | Mkhalidwe wamtundu wamtundu wamphongo umakhala wabwinobwino pokhapokha ngati wabwerera kuzolowera. |
| Kuwonongeka kwa mizu. | Kwambiri kuthirira pafupipafupi. | Amachotsa Washingtonia mumphika, amagwedeza pansi, ndikuchotsa mizu yowola. |
| Mealybug, sikelo, mbewa. | Maonekedwe oyera mawanga, kupindika kwa masamba. | Chomera chimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala aliwonse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito (Actellik, Nurell). |
Ndi nkhondo yanthawi yake yolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, kanjedza limakondwera ndikuwoneka bwino kwa zaka zambiri.
