Choyimira chowola maapulo ndi matenda am'mimba, moniliosis, akukhudza zipatso za mitengo yazipatso.
Kulimbana ndi vutoli ndizovuta komanso zopweteka. Koma kuchita njira zapadera zodzitetezera komanso kuthandizira kungakuthandizeni kupulumutsa ntchito yokolola.
Chikhalidwe cha moniliosis
Kufalikira kwa moniliosis kumachitika ndi fungus spores, zomwe sizimalimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri ndipo zimakhalabe nthawi yozizira. Matendawa amadziwonetsa osati kokha pakuwola kwa chipatso, komanso kuyanika kwa maluwa ndi nthambi.
Magawo a bowa
Moniliosis imadutsa mbali ziwiri za chitukuko:
- Conidial - gawo la ntchito. Munthawi imeneyi, ma fungal spores, opangidwa ndi conidia (ma genetic omwe amathandizira kufalikira kwawo), amapatsira mbali zonse za mtengowo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala amvi. Gawo lokangalika limapezeka nthawi yamasika-chilimwe, kutentha kwawo kwa iwo kuli pamwamba + 15 ° C, kutsegulira pa + 25 ... + 28 ° C, chinyezi 70-90%.
- Sclerotic - gawo la kupuma. M'nyengo yozizira, bowa amasungidwa pamtengo, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati mycelium kapena mtembo wopangidwa ndi zipatso.
Mitundu ya moniliosis
Matendawa amawonekera m'mitundu iwiri:
- Zipatso zowola. Adagawidwa m'chigawo chonse cha Russia. Mthandizi wa causative ndi bowa Monilia fructigena. Kulowa kwa spores yake kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zipatso. Pa maapulo, mawonekedwe a bulauni a 2-3 mm. Patatha masiku asanu amakhala ofewa komanso odera. Kutentha kwambiri, mphepo ndi chinyezi zimathandizira kufalikira kwina. Ngati chomeracho chimakhala chochepera pa 60%, spores imazizira ndipo mwana wosabadwayo amakhala wakuda.
- Kuyaka kwamphamvu. Kugawidwa Kumwera, Far East, kumayambitsa Monilia cinerea. Mafangayi amafalikira ku maluwa, mazira, nthambi. Zimakhala zofiirira komanso zowuma.
Zoyambitsa matenda
Moniliosis ya mitengo imachitika pazifukwa zingapo:
- Makungwa owonongeka chifukwa cha tizirombo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika zida zamaluwa.
- Mitengo yodwala oyandikana nawo, i.e. kufala kwa matenda kuchokera kwa mapeyala ena omwe kale anali ndi matendawa kapena mitengo ya maapulo.
- Zofooka boma chifukwa cha matenda ena.
- Mtundu wa apulo siogwirizana ndi matenda.
- Kulephera kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo aulimi, i.e. Kubzala kolakwika, kuthirira, kusowa kwa njira zopewera.
- Kusungidwa kolakwika, malo osankhidwa atha kukhala malo osakira matenda.
Kupewa kwa Moniosis
Kupewa matenda kumayamba ngakhale pogula ndi kubyala mbande yaying'ono:
- Amagula zosagwirizana ndi moniliosis, mwachitsanzo, Idared, Renet, Jonathan, Pepin Saffron, Slavyanka, Florina, etc.
- Mitengo ya zipatso imabzalidwa pambuyo pafupifupi 3 m, osati pafupi.
Zochita pachaka zimachitika mchaka.
- Mtengo wa apulo umapendedwa bwino. Chotsani nthambi zouma ndi zowonongeka. Amapanga korona, peel off exatedated bark, lichens, amabisa kuwonongeka ndi mitundu yamaluwa kapena utoto yoyera, amavalaza thunthu ndi nthambi zakuda zokhala ndi matope oyera.
- Zinyalala zotsala kuyambira chaka chatha zimachotsedwa, ndikuzungulira bwalo pafupi ndi mtengo limakumbidwa mosamala.
- Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu. Kuphatikiza apo, mbande zazing'ono zimathandizidwa ndi mizu yopanga mizu (Cornerost, Heteroauxin).
- Mumakonda kuthilira madzi nthawi zonse.
- Amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda ena omwe amathandizira kufalikira kwa moniliosis (Embrelia, sulfate yamkuwa).
Chithandizo
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera patatha masiku asanu mutatenga kachilomboka. Munthawi imeneyi, mutha kulimbana ndi bowa, mpaka spores yake itafalikira. Pakupita masiku khumi, kudzakhala kovuta kuchita.
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Mankhwala ochizira moniliosis
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, kuchiza ndi mankhwala azitsamba ndi wowerengeka kumathandiza.
Mankhwala
Moniliosis tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichiritsidwe ndi mankhwala otsatirawa:
- Bordeaux madzi - 3% asanafike maluwa, 1% - nthawi, pambuyo ndi kupitilira kwa masabata awiri, kotero kuti chithandizo chotsiriza chinachitikanso theka mwezi usanatore.
- Chorasi, Khungu - onjezerani chitetezo cha mtengowo, gwiritsani ntchito katatu, muchotseke maluwa ndi masiku 15 musanakolole.
- Embrelia ndi mankhwala ovuta omwe amathandiza polimbana osati ndi moniliosis, komanso matenda ena ndi tizirombo. Chitani zinthu katatu mpaka pakadutsa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Osatsukidwa ndi mvula.
- Kunyumba - 40 g pa malita 12 a madzi. Kukonzedwa pa mawonekedwe a masamba, ndiye pambuyo maluwa.
- Abiga Peak - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pakulima, masiku 20 aliwonse.
- Stroges - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa masabata awiri. Imani mwezi umodzi kukolola kusanachitike.
Zithandizo za anthu
Osanyalanyaza njira zachikhalidwe:
- Copper sulfate - 100 g pa 10 malita a madzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa pambuyo yokolola.
- Copper chloride (Bordeaux m'malo) - utsi masiku asanu ndi awiri maluwa asanatchulike ndi pambuyo pake.
- Colloidal sulufu - 100 g pa 10 malita a madzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyika impso.
- Sakanizo wopaka sopo ochapira ndi palafini - 2 tbsp. sopo, malita 2 a palafini mu lita imodzi yamadzi. Kenako yankho lake limaphatikizidwa ndi madzi 1: 2.
Malangizo
Pali malamulo angapo omwe akuyenera kuganiziridwa pochiza mtengo wa apulo wa moniliosis:
- Kuti tipewe kuwotchera dzuwa komanso kupsa kwa makungwa, ndikofunikira kupaka m'mawa, nthawi yamadzulo kapena nyengo yamvula.
- Ngakhale pali zokonzekera zosagwira matope, musazichite mvula isanayambe kapena ikamagwa.
- Muyenera kuwaza mosamala, osaphonya chiwembu chimodzi pamtengo.
- Mukamapaka mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo mosamalitsa.
