Wofufuza zachilengedwe waku Austria Heinrich Wilhelm Schott, pofunafuna mbewu zapadera komanso zokongola za dimba lachifumu lachifumu ku Schönbrunn Palace ku Vienna, adaphunzira ndikuyimira mitundu ingapo ya maluwa otentha omwe samadziwika nawo. Amakonda masamba obiriwira amdima akuda mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chochokera kumadera otentha aku South America, duwa lidasamukira kumalo onse obiriwira ndi nyumba. Dzinali adamupatsa dzina la wolima dimba wamkulu wanyumba yachifumu ku Vienna, a Joseph Diefenbach.
Kwa zaka zopitilira 100, duwa lokongola lakhala likukula osati kwawo kwakale. Imakongoletsa zipinda ndi maofesi padziko lonse lapansi. Chomera cha banja lomweli sichimazolowera nyengo yozizira. Imafunikirabe kufunda, chinyezi komanso kuyatsa kowala. Izi ndizofunikira kuganizira posankha Dieffenbachia pakuwoneka patali.
Onani mafotokozedwe
Mtengowo uli ndi tsinde lolimba, pomwe pali masamba ambiri owoneka. Kuwombera nthawi zambiri kumakhala pamwamba, ndiye chifukwa chake pakapita nthawi, Dieffenbachia imakhala ngati mtengo weniweni wokhala ndi chipika chobiriwira, chomata bwino komanso pansi pamtunda wautali pansipa. Komabe, mitundu ina ili ndi malo angapo okukula ndipo ili ngati chitsamba. Kutalika kumatha kufika mamita awiri ndi angapo. Monga zina, zimangokhala pachimake. Patsamba la inflorescence, zipatso zazing'ono za lalanje zimapangidwa. Kunyumba, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, kuti zitsimikizire kuti mbewuyo ili ndi nyengo yazomera yazomera, chisamaliro chofunikira kwambiri komanso chofunikira.
Chifukwa cha masamba akulu, mtengowo umabweretsa zabwino zambiri ngati tchuthi cha mpweya wachilengedwe. Ndiye chifukwa chake nkhalango yamvula ya Amazon imatchedwa mapapu a dziko lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umapangidwa ndi masamba obiriwira nthawi yayitali.
Pakadali pano, botany amadziwa mitundu makumi asanu. Onsewa ali ndi mawonekedwe - kawopsedwe. Chowonadi ndi chakuti madzi a Dieffenbachia ali ndi ma enzymes ambiri a caustic ndi makhiristo a calcium oxalate.
Ikakhudzana ndi khungu, imayambitsa ziwengo, ndipo ikakhudzana ndi mucous nembanemba imayaka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino osasunga mbewuyo mnyumba yokhala ndi nyama ndi ana aang'ono, ndikuvala magolovesi a mphira mukamakongoletsa ndikudulira.
Chipinda chochezera
Ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Dieffenbachia, ambiri aiwo samatenga mizu mu ukapolo. Kugonjetsedwa kwambiri pakuwala, mafunde kutentha ndi mpweya wouma ndi omwe adayambitsa zokongoletsera zamkati.
| Mutu | Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu |
| Dieffenbachia owonera (mbewu: Camilla, Chipale chofewa, Bauze) | Chomera chachikulu mpaka mita chachitali ndi masamba apamwamba kwambiri lanceolate. Mtundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwewo ndi wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala omwe amatha kutalika kuchokera pamadontho ang'ono mpaka mitsempha yayikulu yomwe imakhala pafupifupi nkhope yonse. |
| Dieffenbachia wokonda (Seguina) | Chomera cholocha chamtambo chokhala ndi dambo lalikulu lotalika (mpaka 18 cm kudutsa) masamba owoneka. Mosiyana ndi achibale, bwino limalekerera mpweya wouma ndipo suumiriza pa microclimate. |
| Dieffenbachia Leopold | Imakhala ndimtundu wakuda wa emerald wokhala ndi masamba owongolera mbali yamkati. Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo ya violet imatha kuwoneka pamtunda ndi chogwirira. Ichi ndi chitsamba chamtengo. |
| Dieffenbachia Oersted | Shrub subspecies yokhala ndi masamba owala kwambiri. |
Mutha kudziwa bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusasokoneza ndi mbewu zina pozifanizira ndi chithunzi.
Malamulo Akusamalira Zomera
Mukakulitsa Dieffenbachia, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti dziko lakale maluwa ndilo nkhalango yamvula yotentha ya South America. Mukamupatsa mtundu wowoneka bwino, amakula msanga, ndikutulutsa tsamba limodzi kamodzi sabata.
Ngakhale duwa limakhala loyera, zochepa chabe ndizofunikira kuvomerezedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuofesi, nyumba zazikulu ndi maholo a mabungwe wamba.
| Kusankha Zochita | Zofunikira |
| Kuwala | Akatchulidwapo patelefoni, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri pakuwala. Kwa monophonic wokwanira pakati masana. Dzuwa lolunjika liyenera kupewedwa. |
| Kuyambitsa | Splation imayenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi osalala osambitsa. Kukhazikitsa pafupi ndi zida zamagetsi ndikosayenera. |
| Kuthirira | Osaloleza kupangika kwa dothi louma padziko lapansi mumphika. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma yosadzaza. Kudzala kwa Dieffenbach sakukondanso. |
| Njira yotentha | Chizindikiro cha thermometer sichiyenera kugwa pansi +17. Kwa chilimwe, kutentha kwambiri kuzikhala + 22- + 28 Celsius, kwa nthawi yozizira: + 18- + 22 |
| Thirani | Nthawi zambiri, mogwirizana ndi kukula kwa muzu. |
| Feteleza | Ndikofunika kudyetsa mbewuyo ndi nayitrogeni kapena kukonzekera kosavuta kwa zomera zamkati zotentha ndi masamba okongoletsa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndi theka la feteleza wophatikizidwa mosamala m'madzi kuthirira. |
| Dothi | Chomera chimakonda pang'ono zosakanikirana bwino, zomera bwino nthaka. Nyimbo za mchenga, peat, moss, perlite ndi makungwa ophwanyika ndi makala ndi abwino. |
| Kulima | Mukamakula, Dieffenbachia amafunika kudulidwa. Korona wa mutu wokhala ndi socket umasiyanitsidwa ndi thunthu, kutsukidwa ndi kuzika mizu. Tsinde lotsala limagawidwa m'mipiringidzo yokhala ndi tulo. Kuchokera kwa iwo mutha kupeza njira zatsopano. |
Dieffenbachia amakonda kusalala komanso mpweya wabwino. Mutha kuzichotsa pa loggias ndi ma verandas munthawi yotentha, koma simuyenera kulola zolemba kapena kuzisiya mumsewu nthawi yakusintha kwadzidzidzi usiku.
Thirani mfundo
Pamene mizu ikukula, Dieffenbachia adzafunika kuikidwira mwachangu mumphika.
Dziwani nthawi ikadzakwana, mutha kuchita izi pazifukwa izi:
- Mphukira ndi masamba atsopano anasiya kuwonekera.
- Masamba atsopano ndiocheperako.
- Tikamayang'anitsitsa pang'ono, dothi limawuma msanga.
Muyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale kuti mudzanyamule, kugula poto kapena mphika kwa masentimita 2-3 okhala ndi mulifupi wokulirapo kuposa woyamba.
Pakapangidwa ngalande, gulani dongo lokwakulitsidwa, ndikuwonjezera nthaka yatsopano.
Nthawi yabwino yosunthira maluwa imawonedwa ngati kuyamba kwa masika. Munthawi imeneyi, mmerawu sunatulutsidwe mwachangu nthawi yozizira. Mavalidwe apamwamba amayenera kuyamba pambuyo pake kuti asadzutse Dieffenbachia patsogolo pake komanso kuti asamuvulaze.
Kubzala duwa mumtsuko watsopano ndi motere:
- Dongo lakukulitsidwa 2-4 cm limayikidwa pansi pa mphika watsopano.
- Dieffenbachia amachotsedwa, mizu yakuda ndi youma imadulidwa mosamala, ndipo malo odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi antiseptic ndi antifungal agents.
- Khazikikani bwino mu mphika yatsopano ndikuthira pang'onopang'ono dothi losasunthika kuzungulira m'mphepete, ndikupanga pang'ono.
- Thirani ndi madzi okhazikika firiji.
Monga lamulo, mbewu zazing'ono zimafunikira kuziika pafupifupi kamodzi pachaka. Amakula mwachangu, ndipo mizu yawo imadzaza msangawo mwachangu. Zomera zakale ndizokwanira kupangitsanso thunthu ngati limakula komanso lopanda kanthu.
Kukonzanso
Thunthu lalitali lopanda kanthu limapangitsa kuti zisakhale bwino kusamalira chomera chomwe chikufunika thandizo lina. Kuphatikiza apo, kukongoletsa kumavutika kwambiri, chifukwa m'malo mwa chitsamba chobowoleka, tsinde lopanda kanthu.
Pali njira ziwiri zobweretsera Dieffenbachia ku mawonekedwe okongola:
- Kukhomera malo okula pa korona, omwe mwina ungadzutse masamba pachithunzicho ndikupangitsa duwa kupereka mphukira zatsopano.
- Kutsitsa korona ndi mizu yake yamtsogolo. Kuti muchite izi, kumtunda kumadulidwa kutalikirana kwa masentimita angapo kuchokera pakatundu komwe impso zimagona. Tsinde lomwe limakuliralo limafufuma ndipo limakonkhedwa ndi makala opaka. Kenako ikabzalidwe mumphika watsopano wokhala ndi dothi lotayirira, lopanda madzi. Ndikofunika kuti musasefukira chomera chatsopano kuti tipewe mizu ndi thunthu mizu yake isanakule. Zina zotsala za tsinde lalitali zitha kugawidwa ndikudulidwa. Kuchokera mwa iwo padzakhala Dieffenbachia yatsopano, yodziwika kuchokera kwa amayi.
Kuswana
Ndikovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa maluwa achilengedwe ndi kucha panyumba. Dieffenbachia imabereka bwino m'njira yopanga masamba. Zodulidwa zitha kupezeka nthawi iliyonse mutabzala chomera chachikulire. Kudinitsa malo okula kamodzi kuti muwonekere kugawa bwino si koyambapo kuposa zaka 3-4 za kubzala mutabzala.
Mizu yodula ndi zodula bwino mu malo obiriwira osafunikira, omwe amatha kusintha chikwama cha pulasitiki kapena filimu yowonekera.
Zolakwika posamalira ndi zizindikiro zawo mu chomera
Wathanzi Dieffenbachia amasangalatsa eni ake okhala ndi yowutsa mudyo wamkulu amadyera. Ngati malamulo a kulima sanatsatidwe, chomera chimafotokoza vutoli ndi mawonekedwe oyenera.
| Zosintha | Zotheka |
| Malangizowo amawuma komanso kuwuma |
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| Masamba akutha, kusiyanitsa |
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| Masamba opuwala pang'ono | Nthaka yamchere kwambiri |
| Wotsika masamba kusiya ndikugwa | Tsekani mphika |
| Pale ndi kufewetsa | Kuzungulira kuchokera muzu |
| Masamba amapindika |
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| Madongosolo a bulauni |
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| Masamba achikasu |
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Matenda ndi majeremusi
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso chokwanira, Dieffenbachia imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha ma virus, bowa, mabakiteriya ndi tizirombo. Komabe, zolakwika zomwe zili mkati kapena kuyandikira kwa mbewu yodwala kumayambitsa matenda. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda munthawi yake. Imfa ya duwa ndi matenda a zomera zina zamkati itha kukhala mtengo wakuchedwa.
Chizindikiro chilichonse chosonyeza kufooka kwa tsinde ndi masamba chizikhala chifukwa chopewa komanso kuchiza.
| Pathogen | Zizindikiro zamatenda | Thandizo |
| Zowola zofewa | Masamba amatembenuka ndikufota, muluwo umakhala pansi, duwa limaleka kukula ndikuwoneka losalala, dothi limatha kununkhiza ngati nkhungu. | Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa, koma mutha kuyesa kuzika korona kapena kuyika magawo abwino kuchokera kumizu. |
| Kuwonongeka kwa tsamba | Masamba achikasu okhala ndi malire amdima. | Chitani ndi fungicides. |
| Phytophthora | Zowola zakuda zimamera muzu, chomera chimafooka ndikufota. | Maluwa amayenera kuwonongedwa kwathunthu. |
| Anthracnose | Kuwala kwamdima kumawonekera pamasamba. | Dulani ziwalo zomwe zili ndi matendawa, pangani kuti mpweya wouma kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, chitani masamba ndi tsinde lathanzi ndi yankho. |
| Ma nsabwe | Masamba amayamba kupunduka ndi kutembenukira chikasu, povala zomata. | Sambani chomera ndi sopo yankho, chiritsani mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena fumbi la fodya. |
| Chotchinga | Maonekedwe a mabotchi oderapo pang'ono pamtengo ndi patali. | Ndikofunikira kuchotsa tizirombo tonse pamanja, mafuta owononga omwe akhudzidwa ndi mowa kapena palafini, ndikuchiza mbewu yonseyo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
| Chuno | Kutupa, kumeta kwamtundu wa petioles ndi mitsempha. | Chitani ndi mafuta amchere komanso kukonzekera kwapadera. |
| Spider mite | Khazikitsani madontho ang'onoang'ono a bulauni pamasamba, malo owuma ndi ma cobwebs oonda pamadulidwe. | Muzimutsuka ndi sopo madzi ndi kutsitsi ndi zida zapadera. |
| Zopatsa | Yiyeretseni mitundu ya madera a chomera, lopota ndi kuyanika masamba. | Mothandizidwa bwino komanso mobwerezabwereza mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
A Dachnik achenjeza: Dieffenbachia ndi woipa
Madzi amadzimadzi a chomera alibe poizoni. Sichimayambitsa poizoni wamphamvu, chisokonezo chamkati wamanjenje kapena kupuma.
Komabe, zili ndi zinthu zambiri za bioactive zomwe zimakwiyitsa khungu ndi ma mucous membrane. Chifukwa chake, mwana kapena chiweto chitha kuvutika ndi duwa, chifukwa cha chidwi, chitha kuliluma kapena kuliluma.
Izi sizowopseza thanzi, koma pokhapokha, pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kupsa mtima kwa mankhwala ndi chifuwa.
Ndikofunika kukula dieffenbachia mnyumba, imatsuka bwino mpweya, kuyamwa phenol, formaldehyde ndi zitsulo zolemera kuchokera pamenepo. Ma phytoncides omwe amatulutsa amalepheretsa kufalikira kwa ma virus ndi mabakiteriya kudzera mumlengalenga. Mwina ndichifukwa chake duwa ndilofala kwambiri m'makoma a zipatala.
