Cissus - chisamaliro chakunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi

Cissus (lat. Cissus) - mtundu wa mbewu zosatha za banja Mphesa (Vitaceae). Madera otentha amatengedwa kuti ndi kwawo.

Cissus adalandira dzina lake kuchokera ku liwu Lachi Greek "kissos", lotanthauza "ivy". Mitundu yambiri ndi zokwawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu: 60-100 masentimita pachaka. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito popangira dimba, chomera chachikulu chimafika kutalika kwa 3 m kapena kupitilira.

Oimira amtunduwu amasiyana maonekedwe ndi kukula. Komabe, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipinda chamchipinda ndizopanda tanthauzo. Maluwa ku cissus ndi ochepa, amatengedwa m'munsi mwa masamba. Pali mitundu yachikaso kapena yobiriwira. Chomera chakunyumba nthawi zambiri chimakhala chamaluwa.

Zogwiritsa ntchito, zizindikiro

Cissus amanyowetsa mpweya mchipindacho, umawaphimba ndi mpweya wothandiza. Munthu wopuma mpweya wotere amayenda bwino ndipo amatopa kwambiri. Phytoncides amalimbana ndi chifuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba a mbewu amatenga formaldehydes.

Zosangalatsa! Omwe alimi ena amakhulupirira kuti cissus ndi "mwamunayo", zimapangitsa kuti amuna azichita chigololo.

Cissus: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Ganizirani mwachidule zofunikira zoyambira kutsata khomo:

Samalirani khosi kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Ngakhale chomera chimawonedwa ngati chosalemekeza, kuti chisamaliro chokomera bwino panyumba, muyenera kutsatira zofunika zina.

Maluwa

Maluwa a kunyumba kwawo kwenikweni samamasula. Chomera chimakhala chamtengo chifukwa chakukula msanga, mtundu wokongola komanso masamba olemera.

Kukula ngati masamba okongoletsera.

Njira yotentha

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yosiyanasiyana ya cissus imasiyana pazofunikira zawo pakupanga kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, zinthu zonse zimafanana ndi zomwe zili mchipindacho.

Kukumbukira magawo omwe mbewu zimatentha, chifukwa mitundu yambiri nthawi yotentha muyenera kukhalabe kutentha kwa 21-25 ^zaC. Kutentha kwambiri sikuyenera kuloledwa.

M'nyengo yozizira, cissus wakunyumba amasungidwa pamatenthedwe osatsika kuposa + 8-12 ^zaC. Adani akuluakulu a chomera nthawi imeneyi ndi mpweya wouma, wosefukira ndi zojambulajambula.

Zofunika! Kwa thermophilic cissus wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, kutentha nthawi yozizira sikuyenera kugwa pansi +16^zaC.

Kuwaza

Popeza cissus ndi mbewu yotentha, imafunika kupanga chinyezi chachikulu. Zimatheka mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupipafupi pamtunda wonse wamasamba ndikuzungulira chomera. Kumwaza kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumachitika sabata iliyonse, nthawi yotentha nthawi zambiri.

Pozindikira nyengo ndi nyengo ya mbewu. Maonekedwe okongola a cissus amafunikira kupopera mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ikhale ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse masamba.

Uphungu! Cissus amakonda malo osambira. Kusamba kumatha kuchitika nthawi yonse yozizira komanso nthawi yotentha. Panthawiyo, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti dothi silanamizidwa (kutseka mphika ndi polyethylene).

Kuwala

Kusankhidwa kwa malo m'nyumba kumadalira mitundu ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Chifukwa chake, rhomboid cissus (c. Rhombfolia) ndi wopanda ulemu kwambiri ndipo imakula m'dzuwa komanso mumthunzi wochepa. Ikupirira ngakhale zowunikira kwambiri. Antarctic cissus (c. Antarcrica) ndiwofunikira kwambiri komanso imafunikira kuwala kosawerengeka, komanso imakhala momasuka pamitundu ina. Kuwala kosinthika kowala kumapezeka ngati mutasunthira mphika ndi chomera 1.5 m kuchokera pawindo la dzuwa.

Chowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso chopepuka pakuwala - mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri. Iyenera kuyikidwa molongosoka pang'ono, kuteteza ku dzuwa. Kukhazikitsidwa koyenera - mazenera akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kapena 1.5-2 m kuchokera pazenera lakumwera dzuwa.

Kuthirira

Mitundu ndi mitundu yonse imakhala ndi masamba ambiri omwe amasintha chinyezi mosalekeza. Chifukwa chake, kunyumba, cissus amafunika kuthirira kosalekeza. Osati nthawi yotentha, komanso nthawi yozizira, pomwe mbewuyo ili ndi vuto louma m'chipinda.

Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, munthawi ya kukula msanga, nthawi zambiri amathiriridwa madzi nthaka ikamuma. Mu nyengo yotentha, kuthirira kungakhale tsiku ndi tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, amatsogozedwa ndi dziko lapansi. Munthawi imeneyi, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka 1 m'masabata awiri.

M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera makamaka kuwunika bwino ulimi wothirira. Pakakhala nyengo yozizira, nthaka imamuma pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kusefukira kumatha kuyambitsa kuzika kwamizu mpaka kumera. Poterepa, mutha kupulumutsa mmera pokhapokha ndikumasowetsa panthaka youma ndikuphatikiza ndi fungicides.

Mphika wachikopa

Monga mbewu zina zamkati, mphika umasankhidwa kuti ukhale ndi mizu yambiri. Mpanda wa mphikawo ukhale wa 1.5-2 masentimita kuchokera kumitengo yadothi. Kwa mbande zazing'ono, chidebe chokhala ndi masentimita 9 chikukwanira. Chomera chachikulu chimamera m'mipanda chomwe chili ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 30 cm.

Uphungu! Mumphika, ndikofunikira kupereka dzenje lakutsatira kuti amasule chinyezi chambiri.

Popeza ma cissuse ndi mipesa yopindika, muyenera kuganizira pasadakhale momwe adzakulire. Kwa mafomu ampel, sankhani miphika pamiyendo yayitali kapena mumiphika yopachika. Poyang'anira dimba wokhazikika, makina owonjezera, zofunikira za grille zikufunika.

Malangizo oyambira cissus

Kuti zitheke bwino sizifunikira dothi lapadera. Yabwino padziko lonse lapansi pasitolo. Komanso dothi limatha kukonzekera palokha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga pepala ndi kuwaza nthaka, mchenga, peat ndi dothi lamtunda poyerekeza 2: 1: 0.5: 1: 1. Zofunikira zazikulu ndikuti gawo lapansi lomwe likubweralo liyenera kukhala la mpweya ndi madzi. Kuti muwonjezere izi, vermiculite kapena perlite imawonjezeredwa padziko lapansi.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Chifukwa chakukula mwachangu komanso masamba akuluakulu, masamba ena amafunika kuvala zovala zapamwamba. Feteleza wa Universal wamadzimadzi wokongoletsera ndi zomera zabwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kuthirira. Mlingo ndi pafupipafupi zimatengera malingaliro a wopanga feteleza.

Upangiri wokhazikika - kuvala kwapamwamba m'milungu iwiri iliyonse. M'nyengo yozizira, feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chomera sichifunira feteleza m'miyezi yoyambirira mutatha kupita ku dziko latsopano. Ali ndi michere yokwanira kupezeka munthaka.

Kupatsiraissississus

Zosefukira zofunika zimachitika ndi njira yotumizira: kuchokera mumphika wakale, chomera chimachotsedwa mosamala ndi chotupa ndipo, popanda kugwedezeka, chimayikidwa chidebe chatsopano. Zomangira zomwe zimapangidwa pamakoma zimadzaza ndi dothi.

Pafupipafupi ma transplants zimatengera zaka komanso kukula kwa cissus. Mwana wang'ombe wachinyamata amafunikira mphika watsopano wokulirapo m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pazaka 3 ndi kupitirira, cissus amakula mumphika umodzi kwa zaka 3-4 kapena kupitilira apo. Ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri pamenepa, ndikokwanira kubwezeretsa pamwamba pachaka pachaka.

Kudulira

Kudulira kwa masika ndi kudina kwa mphukira kumayambitsa nthambi zawo zowonjezera. Izi zimachitika kuti apange korona wokongola. Kuphatikiza pa kudulira kokongoletsera, ilinso ndi ntchito yaukhondo: mphukira zonse zosafunikira, zodwala kapena zodwala zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.

Nthawi yopumula

Mu wowonjezera kutentha Mtengowo suwonongeka ndipo ulibe nthawi yotchulidwa. Ndi zomwe zili mchipinda, masisitini amitundu yambiri amatha kugwetsa masamba nthawi yozizira ndikukula zatsopano mu April. Posunga, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha kwamtundu uliwonse womwe ukugwirizana ndi nyengo iliyonse.

Kukula cissus kuchokera ku mbewu

Mwanjira imeneyi, cissus wakula Antarctic ndi quadrangular (c. Quadrangularis).

• Mbewu zofesedwa kasupe mu gawo lotayirira (peat, mchenga).
• Dothi limanyowa.
• Mbewu zimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro chowonekera kapena galasi ndikusiyidwa m'chipinda chofunda pa kutentha + 21-25 ^zaC.
• Tangi imapuma nthawi ndi nthawi, dothi limakhala lonyowa.
• Kuwombera kumawoneka mosiyanasiyana kwa masabata a 1-4.
• Pa gawo la masamba enieni a 2, amakwiriridwa mumaphika osiyana ndi awiri a cm cm.

Cissus kuswana

Cissus imafalitsidwa bwino osati ndi njere zokha, komanso ndi zipatso: pogawa chitsamba kapena kudula.

Kufalitsa cissus ndi odulidwa

Kuchokera pa chomera chachikulire, zodula za apical 5-10 cm kutalika ndi Mphukira ndi masamba awiri odulidwa.

Shank imayikidwa m'madzi ofunda kapena gawo lotayirira (peat, mchenga). Mizu imawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-2.

Ngati mutaphimba chidebe ndi zokutira ndi pulasitiki wokutira kuti mupeze wowonjezera kutentha, mapangidwe a mizu amatha kuthamanga.

Mizu ikangowonekera, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa pansi.

Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba

Kuchita opareshoni kumachitika pa kumuika. Amagawa chomera chazaka zochepera 3-4. Chidutswa chadothi chimagawika m'magawo awiri awiri kuti gawo lirilonse la mbewuyo likhale ndi chidutswa cha nthangala komanso mphukira zodziimira.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Zovuta zazikulu zomwe amakumana nazo pakukula kwa cissus, ndi zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Wotani pamasamba - ngalande zoyipa. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba onse okhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito chomera ndi fungicides ndikusintha mumphika watsopano.
• Malekezero a cissus amawuma - mpweya wouma. Akufuna kupopera mankhwala pafupipafupi.
• Cissus akukula pang'onopang'ono - Kusowa kwa kuwala komanso michere. Ndikofunika kuthira manyowa amadzimadzi.
• Palesi imachoka ku kissus - "kufa ndi njala" (mmera umafunika kudyetsedwa) kapena kuwala kwambiri.
• Masamba a Cissus amagwa - Kutentha kochepa m'chipinda. Ngati masamba afota ndikugwa, amatha chifukwa cha kuwala kwamphamvu kapena kusowa chinyezi.
• "Pepala" la brown pamasamba - mpweya wouma. Ngati mawanga awoneka pamasamba otsika, izi zikuwonetsa kusowa chinyezi. Komanso mawanga ndi zowola zimatha kuoneka ngati dothi lapansi.
• Cissus masamba azipiringa - Chizindikiro kuti mbewuyo sikokwanira chinyezi.
• Masamba amagwada - chipindacho chili ndi mpweya wouma; kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchuluka.
• Kuchotsa masamba - Kusowa kwa michere, feteleza uyenera kuyikika.
• Shrinkage wa masamba otsika - kuthirira kosakwanira.
• Kuwonekera kwa gawo lamunsi la chitsa zitha chifukwa cha kuchepa, kapena mosemphanitsa, kuwala kochulukirapo.

Mwa tizirombo, cissuses muchipinda chikhalidwe amakhudzidwa ndi kangaude, nsabwe, ndi tizilombo tambiri.

Mitundu ya cissus kunyumba yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Cissus rhomboid, "birch" (c. Rhombifolia)

Tsamba lililonse limakhala ndi timapepala 3. Mtundu wa masamba a chomera chaching'ono ndi siliva, mtundu wachikulire ndi utoto wonyezimira. Pa mphukira pali mulu wonenepa.

Cissus Antarctic, "mphesa zamkati" (c. Antarctica)

Mpesa wa Grassy, ​​umafikira kutalika kwa mamilimita 2.5. Masamba amakhala owumbidwa ndi mazira, amtundu wobiriwira, mpaka kutalika kwa 10-12 cm. Pa tsinde bulauni pubescence.

Cissus wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri (c. Discolor)

Masamba a Oblong ali ndi zilembo zasiliva komanso zopepuka zautali wautali wa 15 cm.

Cysagas rotundifolia (c. Rotundifolia)

Zomwe zimayambira mipesa ndi yolimba. Masamba amakhala ndi zokuzira m'mphepete. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira. Pamaso pa sera wokutira.

Coresus wa Ferruginous (c. Adenopoda)

Kukula mwachangu liana. Masamba amathira kamtengo wa maolivi, kupindika. Kumbali yosinthira - burgundy. Tsamba lililonse limakhala ndi timapepala 3.