Ficus loyera (Ficus Religiousiosa) ali ndi mayina ena ambiri: Mtengo wa Bodhi, ficus wachipembedzo ndi mkuyu wopatulika. Chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse ndi cha mtundu womwewo ndipo ndi gawo la banja la Mulberry (Moraceae). Malo obadwira ficus wopatulika amawerengedwa kuti ndi India.
Kuphatikiza pa India, ficus amakula ku Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa China ndi zilumba zam'malechi. Poyamba, fikoko limangokula pamapiri okha, m'nkhalango yosakanikirana ndi yobiriwira, koma pang'onopang'ono "idakweza" kukwera mpaka kumapiri. Tsopano mbewuyo ikhoza kupezeka pamalo okwera mita imodzi ndi theka pamtunda wa nyanja.
Ficus Woyera adatchulidwa chifukwa chakuti kale anali mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe idabzalidwa pafupi ndi akachisi Achibuda, ndipo atsogoleri achipembedzo adasamalira mbewuzo.
Onaninso momwe mungakulire ficus wokhala ndi zotumphukira komanso ficus benjamin m'nyumba.
Mtengowu umawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro chopatulika, wothandizira pakuwunikidwa kwa Buddha iyemwini - woyambitsa chipembedzo chachipembedzo cha Buddha.
Malinga ndi nthano yakale, atangokhala pansi pa korona wa mtengo wa Fikisi pa Prince Siddhartha Gautama, nzeru zidatsika, pambuyo pake adayamba kudzitcha Buddha ndikuyamba kulalikira Chibuda.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa faci wachipembedzo ndi banja lonse ndikwachikulu. Zofanizira zina zimafikira 30 m kutalika, zimakula nyengo yodziwika panyumba. Mu nyengo ya Russia kutentha kwa firiji, ficus amatha kutalika kwa 3 mita.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, ficus amadzalidwa kwambiri muzipinda zazikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa maholo a konsati, nyumba zobiriwira kapena malo osungira. Kukula kwa korona kumatha kufika 10 metres, zomwe sizilolanso kukula chomera mu nyumba yaying'ono.
Chiwerengero cha mizu ya mlengalenga mu mitengo yaying'ono ndiyochepa. Chifukwa chakuti ficus nthawi zambiri imayamba moyo wake ngati epiphyte, ikumera panthambi ndi mitengo yayitali ya mitengo yokhwima, pang'ono ndi pang'ono mizu yake imakhala yolimba komanso yokulirapo, ndipo pamapeto pake imasanduka mitengo ya banyan.
Njira ina yoyambira ficus ndi lithophyte. Ficus amapeza malo m'mphepete mwa nyumba. Zithunzi zina zimawonetsa kuti mbewuyo, titero, imakulira kukachisi. Pakapita nthawi, mtengowo umagwedeza mwamphamvu nyumbayo ndi mizu yake ndipo umakhala wofanana nawo. Pamenepa, mphukira poyamba zimangotsika pansi. Ndipo kenako zimalowa pansi kwambiri.
Kukula kwa ficus ndiwokwera kwambiri.
Pakatha chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, zimayimira kale nkhalango yaying'ono: mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ikuluikulu yokhala ndi korona wamkulu onse. Makungwa a mitengo yaying'ono ndiyopepuka mtundu, wokhala ndi utoto wofiira. Mtunduwu umafanana ndi nthambi za fulu lotchedwa mchenga. Mtengowo ukamakula, khungwa limasintha mtundu. Nthambi ndi thunthu la munthu wamkulu zimayera.
Mphukira za Ficus zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso mawonekedwe apachiyambi. Pamwamba pamasamba ndizochepa thupi, pafupifupi kowonekera. Kutalika kwa tsamba lililonse, pafupifupi, ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 12. Makamaka nthumwi zazikulu zimakhala ndi masamba mpaka 20 cm.Ilifupi lamasamba limasiyanasiyana kuyambira 4 mpaka 13 cm.
Masamba a ficus wachichepere amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira, womwe umasinthira kukhala wobiriwira wobiriwira. Mtengo ukakula powonekera mwachindunji, masamba a chomera chachikulu amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamtambo wobiriwira. Pamwamba pa pepala lililonse mutha kuwona timitengo yoyera ndi maso amariseche. Magawo ndi ozungulira. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 5. Amagwa pomwe pepalalo limatsegulidwa kwathunthu.
Ma Plates a masamba amapezeka panthambi pazotsatira zina. Petiole nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kutalika kofanana ndi tsamba. Nthawi zina imakula nthawi yayitali. Ngati ficus imamera m'malo omwe mpweya suikhala chinyezi chokwanira, ndiye kuti mtengowo umasintha masamba kawiri pachaka.
Nthawi yamaluwa, monga nthumwi zina zonse za banjali, mtengo wa Bodhi umapanga syconia - inflorescence yaying'ono ya bulauni, kukumbukira kwambiri mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Kukula kwapakati pa inflorescence ndi 2 cm.
Ficus wopatulika ndi mbewu yosatha. Kunyumba, ficus amatha kukhala ndi zaka 15. Pamalo otseguka, mtengo wamba umakhala zaka 400-600.
| Chiyerekezo cha kukula. | |
| Ambiri amatulutsa maluwa m'chilimwe, koma mitundu ya Caribaea imaluwa nthawi yozizira. | |
| Zomera ndizosavuta kukula m'nyumba. | |
| Bulb imatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zambiri mosamala. |
Kubzala ndi kusamalira fikizo loyera (mwachidule)
| Njira yotentha | M'chilimwe kuyambira 18 mpaka 23 ° C, ndipo nthawi yozizira siyotsika + 15 ° C. |
| Chinyezi cha mpweya | Kwambiri kwambiri. Zomera ziyenera kumakazidwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi. |
| Kuwala | Masana, koma popanda dzuwa mwachindunji pachomera. Kunyumba, ficus yopatulika imayikidwa bwino kwambiri m'chipinda chomwe mawindo ake akuyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. |
| Kuthirira | M'chilimwe, ficus imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse - nthawi 1-2 pa sabata ndi madzi oyimirira. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 1 mu masiku 7-10. |
| Nthaka yopanda tanthauzo la ficus | Chonde chamasulidwe chernozem ndi ngalande yabwino. |
| Feteleza ndi feteleza | Kuyambira kumayambiriro kasupe ndikumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ficus amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza amadzimadzi. Ndikwabwino kusinthanitsa zakudya zomanga ndi michere. |
| Thirani ficus wopatulika | Mu February-Marichi, kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. |
| Kuswana | Zongomalizidwa ndi njere ndi mizu ya mlengalenga. |
| Kukula Zinthu | Ficus wopatulika amatha kugonjetsedwa mosavuta kuti agonjetse tizirombo tina tambiri. Ndikofunika kupewa kukula kwa mtengo pafupi ndi mbewu zodwala. Mtengo wachichepere uyenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chofunda bwino ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kupanda kutero, pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti mbewuyo idzafa mwachangu. |
Kusamalira ficus yopatulika kunyumba (mwatsatanetsatane)
Ficus wopatulika ndi chomera chosalemera. Ndiosavuta kumera kunyumba. Komabe, malamulo ena osamalira amafunika kuphunzira kuti mtengowu ukhale wolimba ndi wathanzi.
Maluwa
Kutulutsa maluwa ndi njira yosangalatsa. Zotsatira zama inflorescence zili mumphika wopanda kanthu. China chake ngati ma brown moss mawonekedwe pamakoma a poto. Dzina lasayansi ndi siconium kapena zipatso za pseudo. Ziphuphu zimapangidwa m'magulu awiriwa.
Ma inflorescence, komanso masamba, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala. Opatulika opangidwa ndi ficus opera a mtundu wina - blastophagous. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, zipatso zobiriwira zimapangidwa, zomwe pambuyo pake zimakhala zofiirira ndi maroon. Zipatso za Ficus sizoyenera kudya anthu.
Kuwala
Kuti mukule bwino ndi kufalikira kwa fanika lopatulika, kuwala kowala koma kosakanikira kumafunikira. Muyenera kupewa dzuwa. Pamalo amdima pang'ono, mtengowo umakhalanso womasuka. Mlingo wofunikira wa kuyatsa ndi 2600-3000 lux. Malo abwino pazomera - zipinda zomwe zili kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa kwa nyumbayo.
Ngati ficus salandira kuwala kokwanira, masamba ayamba kugwa.
Kutentha
Ficus wopatulika ndi chomera cha thermophilic. M'nyengo yotentha, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikula mtengo pa kutentha 18 mpaka 25 digiri. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti m'chipinda momwe ficus amakulira, kutentha sikugwera pansi madigiri 15. Pakadali pano, ndibwino kuwonjezera kuunikira kwa mbewu.
Ficus safuna nthawi yopuma. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, imatha kukula modekha ndikupanga chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira komanso kutentha koyenera. Mtengo wa Bodhi uyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi mabatire ndi zotenthetsa, kupewa zojambula ndi kusintha kwakanthawi kanyumba.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Malo achilengedwe pomwe mbewu imamera amadziwika ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Zotsatira zake, ficus imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula m'malo otentha. Kupopera masamba pafupipafupi kumafunikira. Kwa mitengo yayikulu, njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake pali njira ziwiri zakukwanira.
Choyamba: mutha kuyika mbewu pafupi ndi aquarium kapena dziwe lina lokongoletsera. Chachiwiri: gwiritsani ntchito poizoni.
Kuthirira
Mwadongosolo komanso kuthirira bwino kokwanira kumafunikira. Ndikwabwino kuthirira mbewu ndi madzi okhazikika. M'chilimwe, kuthirira kumafunika kawiri pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kumachepetsedwa nthawi imodzi m'masiku 7-10. Pankhaniyi, kusunthira kwa chinyezi sikuyenera kuloledwa.
Tisanayambe kuthirira, dothi liyenera kuti liume bwino. Madzi osasunthika kuchokera ku sump ayenera kutayidwa. Chomera chimakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri kuposa kuperewera. Kuthirira ndi kusamalira panthawi yake kumatsimikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizu yamphamvu, yomwe imalandiridwa kwambiri munjira ndi chikhalidwe cha bonsai.
Dothi
Ndikwabzalira kubzala ficus m'nthaka yachonde malinga ndi dongosolo lotsatirali: gawo limodzi la nthaka yakutali, gawo limodzi la dothi lamphepete, 1/2 gawo la mchenga, mutha kuwonjezera makala pang'ono. Kapena gawo limodzi la malo owetera, 1 gawo la peat, gawo limodzi la nthaka yamasamba, gawo limodzi la mchenga (pH 6.0-6.5).
Chofunikira podzala chomera ndi madzi akumwa. Mitsinje yoyenera: Udongo wokulitsidwa kuchokera pansi ndi mchenga kuchokera pamwamba.
Feteleza
Ficus ndi chomera chosasamala chomwe sichimafunikira kuphatikiza kapena kuphatikiza umuna wina. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumapangidwa nthawi zonse 2 pamwezi. Kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino, ndibwino kusinthana pakati pamavalidwe apamwamba a mineral ndi organic top.
Ayenera kukhala ndi potaziyamu yambiri ndi nayitrogeni.
Thirani
Mtengo wa Bodhi ndichomera chomera mwachangu. Mu chaka, mtengo mpaka 2 metres ukhoza kukula kuchokera mmera wocheperako. Motere, mitengo yaying'ono imafunikira kubwerezabwereza (kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 pachaka).
Ziphuphu zimazalidwa nthawi zambiri mizu yanyawo ikatha kulowa m'mphika. Mitengo yokhwima sifunikira kuikika. Ndikukwanira kwaiwo kuti athetse chimbudzi.
Kudulira
Mfuti zimafunikira kudulira pafupipafupi. Izi zimachitika kuti mtengo uzikula komanso kupanga korona wokongola. Kudulira kuyenera kuchitika pasanadutse nthawi yolimba. Pambuyo pake, ndizotheka kungotsina nsonga za nthambi zazing'ono.
Kuti mupange korona wokongola, muyenera kukhazikitsa nthambi zofunikira. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito waya. Mphukira za Ficus ndizopambana kwambiri, chifukwa chake woyambira angalimbane ndi ntchitoyi.
Kulima ficus yopatulika kwa mbewu
Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri yofalitsira ficus. Mbewu yofesedwa mumchenga wamchenga ndikuthiriridwa mokwanira. Kenako mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira.
Nthambi zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka m'masiku 5-7. Kenako filimuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa kuti izolowere mbewuyo malo okhala. Kubzala mbewu kumayenera kupangidwa pomwe masamba awiri amawonekera. Mukatenga mphika wokhala ndi mulifupi wokulirapo (10-15 cm), ndiye kuti mutha kudzala ma ficus angapo nthawi imodzi.
Kupanga yopatulika ficus ndi odulidwa
Ficus wopatulika wokhala ndi zodula za apical zimaberekanso movuta kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, tengani kudula kwa 15-18 cm.Magulu atatu a masamba athanzi ayenera kupezeka. Kutalika kwa phesi kuyenera kupitilira kutalika kwa masamba katatu. Chapakatikati, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha muzisakanizo za peat ndi perlite pa kutentha kwa 25 ° C.
M'malo mwa izi, nthaka yamchenga ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kunyumba, zodulidwa ndizophimbidwa ndi polyethylene. Ndikwabwino kupangira chisanachitike kudula kudula ndi muzu kapena heteroauxin. Ikani kumera mu kuyera komwe.
Kanemayo amatha kuchotsedwa pakatha milungu iwiri. Ficus ikazika mizu, imasungidwira mumphika wawung'ono.
Matenda ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ficus
Nthawi zambiri, chomera chimadwala ngati sichisamaliridwa bwino. Mphukira zazing'ono zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Zoyambira zawo ndi zopyapyala, ndipo masamba ndi ochepa. Pakusintha kwa kutentha konse, mphukira zimatha kufa, komanso ndi kusowa kwa chakudya komanso mulingo woyenera woyatsa.
Vuto wamba ndi masamba akuponya fiks. Chomera chimayankha motero pakusintha kwachisamaliro.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti masamba a ficus amatha kugwera okha. Zonse zimatengera mtengo.
Ficus wopatulika amatha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo monga mealybug, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kupindika. Poterepa, mbewuyo imayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu. Kufufuza kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti usadzipweteke.
Tsopano ndikuwerenga:
- Ficus ruby - chisamaliro ndi kubereka kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi
- Ficus bengali - kukula ndi chisamaliro kunyumba, chithunzi
- Mtengo wa mandimu - kukula, chisamaliro cha kunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi
- Ficus Benjamin
- Mtengo wa khofi - kukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi
