Gasteria - chisamaliro chakunyumba, mitundu ya zithunzi, kubereka

Gasteria (Gasteria) - wolimba wokoma wa banja la Asfodelov, kuwerenga mitundu yoposa 80 ya zachilengedwe (kupangidwa pang'ono - pafupifupi mitundu 12). Dziko la Gasteria ndi gawo louma la South Africa.

Pazikhalidwe zachilengedwe, chomera chimatha kutalika mita 1, koma chikakhala chakukula, nthawi zambiri chimapitirira 30 cm. Pa moyo, chimakhala chamtundu wautali wa oblong, masamba amtundu wa green green hue, m'mitundu yambiri amakhala okongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wa siliva kapena mawonekedwe oyera.

Amamasuka ndi inflemose inflorescence yachilendo, imawoneka pamiyendo yayitali komanso imakhala ndi maluwa ambiri amphora okhala ndi corollas ofiira, lalanje, pinki kapena obiriwira.

Onaninso momwe kukula kwa haworthia ndi aloe agave muzipinda.

Zothandiza katundu

Pazipinda zamkati zam'madzi, gasteria imakhala yamtengo wapatali osati kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongoletsera, komanso chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa mpweya ndikuyamwa mpweya woipa kuchokera pamenepo, komanso zosayipa zina zoyipa. Ndipo mbewu iyi mkati mwa photosynthesis imatulutsa mpweya wambiri, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuyiyika, mwachitsanzo, mzipinda zogona.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Gasteria: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Maluwa

Chomera cha Gasteria sichimakonda kuphuka pokhapokha ngati chili "bwino" ndi kutentha ndi kuwalimba. Mu kasupe kapena chilimwe, maudzu aatali amatuluka kuchokera pakatikati pa masamba, pomwe pali maluwa ambiri okongola a amphora okhala ndi ma corollas opaka utoto wowala, ofiira, achikasu, achikasu ndi obiriwira.

Njira yotentha

M'nyengo yotentha, duwa limasungidwa kutentha kwa + 20- + 25 ° С; nthawi yozizira imasinthidwa kupita kumalo ozizira, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhalabe osaposa + 15 ° С. Zikatero, mbewuyo imapeza mpata wopuma mokwanira kukhala ndi maluwa a nyengo yotsatira.

Kuwaza

Gasteria amakonda chinyezi chochepa, motero, safunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Kuwala

Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, mtengowo umafunikira chaka chonse kuwunika kosiyanitsidwa ndi dzuwa. Kunyumba Gasteria wosazindikira komanso amatha kukhala ndi moyo pamithunzi, koma ndi kuperewera kwa dzuwa, iko sikamakula ndipo sikudzakhoza kutulutsa.

Kuthirira

Monga zokometsera zilizonse, limakhala momasuka pamalo owuma ndipo sifunikira kuthirira kawirikawiri. Ndikofunika kuti inyowetse nthaka pang'ono, nkulola kuti iume bwino pakati pa kuthirira.

M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imamwetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata. m'nyengo yozizira - kamodzi miyezi iwiri.

Mphika

Chidebe chomera duwa chimasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana komanso mosaya (m'mphika wozama chimakula bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri chimadwala). Chofunikira china posankha mphika ndi kukhalapo kwa dzenje lakuchotsera kuchotsa chinyezi chambiri kuzika mizu.

Dothi

Gasteria wopangidwa ndi nyumba amakula bwino munthaka yomwe idagulidwa ya cacti ndi ma suppulents, koma mutha kukonza dothi losakanikirana ndi dimba panu kuchokera ku dothi komanso dimba lamchenga, mchenga wowuma ndi zina zilizonse zomasuka. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera peat m'nthaka kuti mubzale.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kusamalira Gasteria kunyumba kumatha kuchita bwino osadyetsa konse ngati chomera chakecho chapanikizidwa panthawi yake kukhala gawo lapansi. Ngati mukufuna, duwa limatha kudyetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi yofooka yothira feteleza wamadzimadzi kapena mankhwala aliwonse okonzekera (izi ziyenera kuchitika pakumera kosaposa nthawi 1 m'miyezi 1-2).

Thirani

Kuyika kwa Gasteria kumachitika pomwe mizu yake imakula. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chomera chatsopano chilichonse pakapita zaka 2-3, popeza chimakula pang'onopang'ono.

Njira yothanirana imachitika ndikusinthika kwa maluwa kuchokera mumphika wina kupita kwina popanda kuwononga dongo.

Kudulira

Mitundu yambiri siyipanga tsinde, chifukwa chake, mbewuyi siyofunika kudulira. Komabe, m'mene ukukula, maluwa pang'onopang'ono amawuma masamba am'munsi - amayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse kuti asapange malo abwino pofalitsa tizirombo.

Nthawi yopumula

Zomera zimapumira nthawi yozizira. Pakadali pano, amawasamutsira kuchipinda chofewa, koma chowala ndi mpweya wotentha pafupifupi + 15 ° C, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa osafunikira kwenikweni, ndipo kudyetsa kumayimitsidwa kwakanthawi.

Kukula Gasteria kuchokera ku mbewu

Mbewu zofesedwa zolimba, dothi lonyowa pang'onopang'ono, popanda kukonkha kapena kuzama. Pansi pa kanema kapenagalasi pamalo otentha owoneka bwino, mbande zimawonekera pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2. Masamba enieni a 3-4 akapangidwe pa mbande, amathanso kuziika m'miphika yokhazikika.

Kuberekera kwa Gasteria ndi ana

Njira zina zapakhomo kapena makanda omwe amapanga njira yoberekera atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mbewu zatsopano. Mukamaweta Gasteria motere, anawo amafukula mosamala ndipo, limodzi ndi mtanda womwewo, amawasamutsa mumphika watsopano. Mbande zimamwetsedwa pang'ono ndikusiyidwa kuti zizitha kupanga mizu.

Zomera zazing'ono zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndikosatheka kuthamangitsa njirayi, chifukwa chake, kusamalira mbewu kumachitika mwachikhalidwe.

Kufalitsa kwa tsamba la Gasteria

Mmera ndi wophweka kupeza poyambira tsamba labwino kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi. Zodulidwa zimakonzedwa motere: Wodulidwa bwino masamba owumbika, kenako nkuwuma kwa masiku 2-3, owazidwa ndi chidutswa cha makala.

Wodulidwa mizu mosadukiza, wothinitsidwa pang'ono, kwinaku kuthirira sikufunika kudula malo osavunda. Mizu imapangidwa mkati mwa masiku 20-30, pomwe phesi lililonse lingasinthidwe ndikuikidwa mu mphika. Nthambi zatsopano zimayenera kudikirira, nthawi zambiri zoyambirira zawo zimangoluma chaka chimodzi zokha.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mavuto akukulitsa maluwa omwe amalima maluwa ndi osowa kwambiri, pokhapokha ngati aphwanya malamulo a chisamaliro chomera, mavuto azachipatala angawonekere:

• Masamba akale amapindika ndi youma pomwe mbewu imakula ndikukula. Kuchita mwachilengedwe kumeneku sikuyenera kusokonezedwa, ndikofunikira kuti muzichotsa mbali zonse za maluwa kuti maluwa owopsa asaberekane.
• Masamba amafota, kutembenukira chikasu ndi kuvunda ndi kuthirira kwambiri. Mtengowo umalekerera nthawi yayitali osavuta kuposa chinyontho ndi dothi, chifukwa chake muyenera kuthirira madzi moyenera komanso molondola.
• Masamba amatambasulidwa ndikutembenuka kuchokera pakusowa kwa dzuwa. Mawindo owoneka bwino akumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa ndi abwino kuti mbewu zikulire.
• Masamba Gasteria kutembenukira chikasu kwambiri mawanga owuma awoneka - izi ndizowotcha dzuwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mumetedwe chomera kapena muchotse kaye kwakanthawi pawindo.
• Muzu wowola Imachitika ndikutunga madzi dothi limodzi ndi kutentha kochepa. Kuti mbewu ikhale yokhazikika, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha ndi kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira.
• Masamba opanda manyazi chifukwa chowala kwambiri. Izi sizifunikira chithandizo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha pakapita nthawi.

Zimathanso kukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga mealybugs, nthata za akangaude ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo ma aphid nthawi zina amakhalanso pamtengowo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titithandiza kuthana ndi tizirombo.

Mitundu ya hometeria yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Gasteria warty (Gasteria verrucosa)

Zomera zosiyanasiyana zamkati zamkati zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, pomwe masamba ake amawombedwa ndi njere zazing'ono zoyera. Ma inflorescence amawoneka pamtunda wautali kwambiri (mpaka 80 masentimita) ndipo amakhala ndi maluwa angapo apamwamba achikulire amphora a mtundu wobiriira wobiriira kapena wapinki.

Gasteria Armstrong (Gasteria armstrongii)

Chomera chosawoneka bwino chokhala ndi masamba owonda kwambiri amtundu wabwinobwino wamtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Chomera chimamera pang'onopang'ono, kawirikawiri samakonzedwa pamiyendo, maluwa obiriwira okongola amtundu wa belu looneka bwino.

Mwala wam'madzi (Gasteria marmorata)

Maonekedwe osasunthika, opanga mabowo owoneka ngati malilime ofala ngati malilime amtundu wobiriwira wamtambo wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a siliva owoneka osakhazikika. Maluwa a chomera ndi belu wooneka ngati buluu wofiirira.

Spotted Gasteria (Gasteria maculata)

Wamitundu yayikulu-yayikulu wokhala ndi masamba ataliitali amtundu wobiriwira wamdima wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera a mawonekedwe oyera. Chomera chimaphukira mofiira ndi maluwa obiriwira ozungulira, ophatikizidwa ndi mitengo ya maluwa.

Gasteria Tiny (Gasteria liliputana)

Mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imakhala masamba osakhazikika amdima masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba oyera. Zovala zazitali mpaka 30 cm zimachokera pakatikati pa rosette kapena zolakwika zamasamba apamwamba ndipo zimanyamula maluwa ambiri ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi corollas obiriwira.

Kasterovaya Gasteria

Mtundu wautali wapakatikati wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira amtundu wobiriwira wamaudzu oyera, mukusonkhana mumalovu osakhazikika. Maluwa omwe amakhala ngati mabelu amtambo wamaluwa amodzi pachimake pamtunda wautali, ma corollas amapaka utoto wowala.