Monstera ndi mbewu yabwino kuchokera ku banja la Aroid. Ili ndi dzina lake kuchokera ku liu "Monstrum", lotanthauza "monster" potanthauzira. Alimi amalimbikitsa kuti duwa limakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Zomera zimadziwika kuti ndi zachikale, zimakhala ndi timizere tating'ono, timiyeso tambiri komanso duwa limodzi lomwe limawoneka ngati chimanga munjira ya mwinjiro woyera. Maluwa akakhwima bwino, mabulosi abwino amatuluka. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozera momwe angasamalire bwino chilombo, chomwe mitundu ndi mitundu ya mbewu ndizodziwika kwambiri masiku ano, ndikufotokozanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike omwe amalima maluwa angakumane nawo.
Duwa la Monstera: Zonse Zokhudza Liana
Monstera amakulira kumadera otentha a Mexico ndi Brazil. M'zaka za zana la 18 Adapita naye Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, pomwe mbewuyo idamera bwino. M'malo obisika a monstera, ndi mtengo wawung'ono wobiriwira nthawi zonse wokhala ndi masamba akulu osemedwa omwe amagwera pansi, ngati kuti chimakupiza chachikulu.
Maonekedwe a chinsalu chanyumba
M'malo okhala nyumba, monstera yowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri imakulitsidwa, siyowopsa ndipo sichikhudza thanzi la munthu, mosiyana ndi zomwe zimamera kuthengo. Zomera zitha kufalitsidwa ndi zonse zodulidwa ndi mbewu.
Mtengowu umachokera ku mitundu yazipatso zazikulu zotentha zokhala ndi masamba odulidwa, omwe amapezeka pazomwe zimayambira, a banja la Araceae. Malo omwe amagwira nawo ntchito ali pamwamba pa mphukira.
Ponseponse, mbewu ndizosavuta kusamalira, kuzikulitsa ndizosavuta, ndichifukwa chake maluwa okhazikika nthawi zonse okhala ndi masamba okongola obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana akhala otchuka m'nyumba ndi m'maofesi.
Zofunika! Koma mukumbukire kuti ngakhale mkati mwanyumba, maluwawo amakula mita zingapo, motero ndikofunika kuwabzala m'nyumba zabwino komanso zazikulu, makonde ndi maholo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga shading (monga kukwera maluwa) ndi trellis.
Kodi pepala la monstera limawoneka bwanji?
Chomera cha monstera chimawoneka ngati chomera cha herbaceous liana, chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu ndi masamba ambiri, pomwe amacheka akamakula. Masamba achichepere amakula, pakapita zaka mabowo amapangika pa iwo, ndipo mpaka kukalamba amapangidwa nawo konse. Kunyumba, masamba a chomera amakula pafupifupi 35 cm, koma nthawi zina amakhala okulirapo.
Momwe limamasulira monstera
Kunyumba, maluwa otchedwa monstera amachitika chaka chilichonse. Itha kupanga zipatso zamkati zakudya zomwe zimalawa komanso kununkhira ngati chinanazi. Maluwa a mbewuyo ndi okongola kwambiri komanso ofanana ndi makutu achikasu, wokutidwa bulangeti loyera. Ma inflorescence nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'munsi mwa duwa.
Zambiri! Mitundu ina nthawi zambiri imatha kutulutsa kunyumba.
Njira zamaluwa
Kodi maluwa amawoneka bwanji
Duwa la monstera limawoneka ngati duwa lalikulu loyera, pakati pakepo pali khutu la chimanga chofanana ndi chimanga. Chikakhala choyera chikazirala, khutu ili limakhala utoto. Izi zikusonyeza kuti wakula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kulawa.
Tcherani khutu! Zipatso za duwa zimakhala zonenepa komanso zimakoma mokoma, koposa zonse, musanagwiritse ntchito, musaiwale kuzisenda ngati nthochi.
Kukula mwachangu bwanji
Maluwa amakula mwachangu. Mutabzala mwana monstera mchidebe chaching'ono, patatha zaka zochepa, muyenera kuganizira zakusinthiraninso mumphika waukulu. Pokhazikika pabwino, mbewu imatha kukula mpaka 5 m kutalika kuposa zaka 6 kuchokera pomwe idakhalapo. Kuti musamalire mbewu, muyenera kofunikira kudziwa zambiri.
Ndi chikondi chotani
Zomera, muyenera kutsatira ulamuliro wamtundu wagolide: ndizoletsedwa kuti zizikhala m'malo amdima kwambiri, koma dzuwa lowongolera silikhala losasangalatsa kwa chilombo kwa tsiku lathunthu. Kuwala kwambiri, koma kuyerekeza ndi dzuwa ndikokwanira.
Masamba amakula ndikudabwitsa, ngati kuti adula. Ngati dzuwa silikwanira, ndiye kuti amakula ang'ono, khalani osalala popanda mabowo komanso mabala. Kukula ndi kukula zimachepa. Pakuwala kwambiri, masamba amayamba kuzimiririka ndikukhala madontho achikasu. Komanso, maluwa sakonda kusintha kwa kuwala ndi malo ake.
M'nyengo yozizira, kusamalira chomera makamaka kumakhala ndi zowunikira zowonjezereka chifukwa cha nthawi yayifupi masana, apo ayi maluwa adzaleka kukula ndikukula. Pali machitidwe osiyanasiyana posankha malo. Ngati muyika chomera pafupi ndi mawindo, pakapita kanthawi kochepa magawo ena a mawonekedwe a zenera awoneke, chifukwa masamba amakula kotero kuti atseka gawo lalikulu.
Tcherani khutu! Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi kuyika mphika pafupi ndi khoma mtunda wa mita imodzi kuchokera pazenera, ndipo pomwe mthunzi ugwera pamalowo, onjezerani kuunikira kochokera kumiyala.
Malingaliro odziwika
Ku Russia, mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri:
Monstera Karstenium
Onani kuchokera kumtundu wa Aroid. Amamera ku East India ndi South America. Carstenium ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira odabwitsa omwe amakhalanso a mipesa.
Chipatso
Mtunduwu ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa maluwa akunyumba. Masamba achichepere ndi osalala, koma patatha pafupifupi chaka mabowo amayamba kuoneka, ndipo m'zaka zingapo zotsatira amakhala odulidwa kotheratu.
Duwa limakhala losasamala kwambiri posamalira ndipo limakula msanga, patatha zaka 4 lidzakhala theka la chipindacho. Chifukwa chake, Carstenium ikakhala yoyenera kubzala mu maofesi kapena m'malo ena akulu monga makonde kapena maholo. Chomera chikakhala chokwanira kale, chimafunikira thandizo lina. Chabwino kwambiri ndi ndodo yamatabwa yokhala ndi ulusi wa coconut.
Tcherani khutu! Mizu yambiri ya mlengalenga imafunikanso kuti imangiridwe, kutumizidwa kunthaka kapena kumtengo, koma osadulamo.
Munjira, ndikosayenera kuyika duwa ili, chifukwa masamba akuluakulu amatha kuwonongeka kapena kung'ambika akakukhudza. Chomera sichimakondanso mphepo yozizira, kuchokera pamenepo masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikaso ndikugwa.
Nkhope
Zosiyanasiyana zimamera makamaka m'malo obiriwira mvula ku Brazil ndi Guatemala. Mtengo wokwawa wamtengowu wokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino opendedwa ndi malangizowo umapangitsa chidwi kwambiri osati kwa olima maluwa, komanso kwa anthu wamba. Masamba ake ndi otalika pafupifupi 25 cm ndipo osaposa masentimita 6. Ndizolondola chifukwa cha chilengedwe ichi chosawoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe a chikwakwa kuti Oblikva adalandira dzina lina - oblique. Amadziwikanso kuti Monstera Alba.
Kuyambira pakati pa pepalali, kudula kosiyanasiyana kwa diameter zingapo kumakulirakonso m'mizere. Kubalana kumachitika makamaka ndi odulidwa.
Manki
Chokongola, chaching'ono komanso chimodzi mwazinthu zosowa za monstera. Kukula kwamasamba a chomera chachikulu kuli pafupifupi masentimita 15. Masamba a Monstera Monkey ndi osiyana ndi zingwe. Zowonadi, mabowo ake amawoneka ngati zovala zapamwamba.
Kukakamizidwa
Amakhala m'malo otentha kuchokera ku Costa Rica kupita ku Brazil. Imatha kutalika mpaka 9 m, yomwe ndi yambiri. Masamba ake ndiopindika, kuthengo, kutalika ndi mabowo ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. M'nyumba siziphulika. Mtundu wa inflorescence, komanso pachilombo cha Thompson, uli ndi mtundu wachikaso chopepuka.
Chifukwa chiyani monstera alibe masamba osema
Ngati palibe maluwa ndi mabowo pa duwa laling'ono, izi zimadziwika ndi zinthu zamankhwala. Kwa zaka, mtundu wamasamba amasintha ndipo nthawi yomweyo umadziwoneka wokha.
Nkhope
Ngati ma petals ndi ochepa kwambiri, kukula kukuchepa, ndiye muyenera kulabadira zowunikira. Nthawi zambiri, chomera chikasowa kuwala, madzi, kapena chikonzedwanso, chimadwala ndikuleka kukula.
Zofunika! Musadule masamba a chomera nokha.
Kumbukirani kuti m'chilimwe, chilombochi chimafunika kuthirira tsiku lililonse ndikupukutira masamba tsiku lililonse. Muyenera kupatsanso maluwa okwanira, apo ayi amasiya kukula, kenako nkufota. Muyeneranso kukumbukira zovuta zina ndi izi:
- Ngati duwa lilibe kuwala pang'ono, ndiye kuti mbewuyo imachepera, ndipo thunthu limakhala labalala;
- ngati malembedwe a bulauni pamasamba amaluwa, ndiye kuti amayambitsidwa ndi mbewa yoyera;
- mmera umatha kukhala wachikasu chifukwa chosowa feteleza ndi mchere;
- chikasu ndi kufa zitha kuonekanso chifukwa cha dothi lonyowa kwambiri;
- ngati chipindacho chili chouma kwambiri, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono kadzawoneka nyemba;
- ngati kuli dzuwa yambiri, ndiye kuti ma sheet amatha kuwotcha, komanso kutenthedwa;
- ndi kuwala kochepa kwambiri, masamba azikhala ochepa kwambiri komanso otumbululuka, tsinde la chomera liyamba kupindika;
- ndi dothi lonyowa, masamba a duwa "kulira" (mawonekedwe amadzimadzi amadzimadziwo), koma mawonekedwe a madontho amathanso kuvuta mvula;
- ngati simupereka chovala choyenera, ndiye kuti masamba sangadulidwe, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kuvala kwapamwamba kuchokera ku kampani ya Flower Garden;
- pazaka zambiri, masamba apansi a duwa nthawi zonse amagwera. Koma, ngati njira isanagwe, masamba adayambauma komanso amdima, ndiye kuti vutoli ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya;
- maluwa akale amapanga mizu yambiri mlengalenga. Simuyenera kuwachotsa, ndikofunika kuwatumiza kunthaka, ku chidebe chamadzi kapena chifuwa. Mizu iyi imasintha bwino zakudya;
- Monstera imatha kufa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za akangaude, ndi tizilombo.
Tcherani khutu! Monstera moyenerera ali ndi dzina la chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, imatha kudabwitsidwa ndi kukula kwake.
Koma, ngati pali malire mu malo, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugula mitundu yaying'ono ya monstera. Chinsinsi cha kutukuka kwamaluwa ndichambiri kuwala, feteleza wa mchere, komanso kupukutira masamba tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti mbewuyo izikhala ngati yotentha, momwe imakonda kugwa. Muyenera kukumbukira zakusintha kwanyengo pachaka mumphika wawukulu kuposa wakale, kuti mizu ikhale yaulere komanso yolowamo. Musanadzipange nokha kukhala duwa, muyenera kudziwa zambiri momwe mungathere ndikuwerenga ndemanga za olima maluwa.
