Matenda a Cactus: matenda wamba ndi njira zawo zamankhwala

Matenda a cactus nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, bowa wotsika, mycoplasmas ndi ma virus. Matenda ena ndi osavuta kuchiritsa, koma ambiri mwa iwo, ngakhale atalandira chithandizo chanthawi yake, atha kufa chifukwa cha cactus, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi mankhwala omwe safuna.

Matenda A Cactus Omwe Amadziwika

Makamaka oopsa ndi matenda omwe amapezeka popanda chizindikiro. Popeza ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira, ndipo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake komanso moyenera, mbewuyo imangofa.

Matenda osiyanasiyana acactus

Koma wolemba maluwa wokonzekera chidwi, yemwe amasamalira ziweto zake zobiriwira, amatha kuzindikira kuti mbewu yake ili ndi vuto.

Iyenera kuchenjeza:

• kufooketsa kapena kusowa kwathunthu kwa kakulidwe, makamaka munthawi yamasamba okangalika mchaka;
• mawonekedwe a makwinya pa tsinde kapena kusintha kwa mtundu wake;
• kusowa kwa maluwa kapena kuponya masamba;
• kufa ndi kuyanika kwa mphukira;
• kapangidwe ka ming'alu ndi malo osiyanasiyana pa tsinde.

Zowola zowola

Mutha kuwona kuti zowola zowuma zidawoneka pa cactus, nkhungu ndiomwe imapangira mapangidwe ake. Ngati cactus wayamba kuuma ndipo imayamba kutuwa, ichi ndi chizindikiro chowoneka bwino kuti chidamenyedwa ndi zowola.

Kuchotsa matenda oterewa kumakhala kovuta, nthawi zambiri kuzindikiritsa kumachitika kale. Pofuna kupewa mapangidwe owola, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides zosiyanasiyana ngati prophylactic. Ndikofunika kukonza chomera katatu pachaka.

Zowola zowola

Zowola chakuda

Mamillaria, kapena zowola zakuda, zimadziwoneka mwa mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono owoneka bwino amtundu wakuda. Monga lamulo, amapanga zisumbu ndipo amayambitsa minga kuchokera kwa iwo. Matendawa amatha kuchitika chomera chifesedwa ku dothi loipitsidwa ndi spores. Komanso, zowola zakuda zitha kuwoneka mopitilira muyeso m'nthaka kapena kuwunika kosakwanira, makamaka nthawi yozizira, kapena chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamakina.

Tsinde zowola

Matenda a fungus, monga lamulo, amakhudza zimayambira zazomera zazing'ono. Chifukwa chakugonjetsedwa, zimayambira ndizowuma kwambiri, ndipo ndalamazo zimatha kugwa, oundana wobiriwira wonyezimira komanso nkhungu amawonekera pamwamba pake. Chikwangwani ichi sichina koma kucha bowa. Kupha mwana wakhola, bowa amafunika masiku ochepa chabe.

Matendawa amakula bwino ndi kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya komanso chinyezi kwambiri. Palibe chifukwa chopulumutsira mbewu ku matenda otere, chifukwa kufalikira kwamatenda owoneka bwino kumachitika mwachangu ndipo kumatha kuwola lonse mizu ndi thunthu.

Tsinde zowola

Zowola

Rhizoctonia kapena yonyowa zowola nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pa mbande zazing'ono kapena kudula. Matendawa amakula msanga, kufalikira kuchokera kumizu mpaka pamwamba pa chomera, ndikuwatsogolera kuti afe. Pali mwayi wochepa wopulumutsa mbewuyi ku matenda ngati, pompopezeka, malo onse omwe akhudzidwa amachotsedwa ndipo mbali zotsala za mbewuzo zikagulidwanso ndikuyika gawo lapansi latsopano.

Brown zowola

Ndi zowola zofiirira, mawonekedwe amdima pamiyeso, omwe amachokera pansi kapena ochokera m'malo omwe muli mabala osapweteka. Pambuyo pake, thunthu ilo limafeya, mkati mwake muli mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Zifukwa zomwe matendawa amawola:

• Zokwanira chinyezi m'nthaka. Zimachitika ndikuthirira kwambiri komanso kutentha kwa mpweya kuzizira mchipindacho.
• Chinyezi chachikulu m'nyumba.

Zingwe zigwa

Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe minga imayamba kutuluka ndikuwala ndikung'ung'udza mwamphamvu nthaka. Munthawi yopumira, pamene duwa likufuna mpweya wozizira, dziko lapansi mumphika liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi kawirikawiri kapena ayi.

Panthawi ya zomerazi, zakudya zimafunika kuthirira wambiri, koma ndikofunikira kuthiririra pokhapokha dothi litapukutidwa mumphika, chifukwa nkhaka imatha kusefukira kwambiri m'nyengo yotentha. Ngati chinyontho chimadziunjikana nthawi zonse pamizu, izi zimatsogolera ku kuwonongeka kwawo ndikugwa kwa minga yonse. Ndikofunikira kuchitira vutoli m'malo mwa maluwa m'malo atsopano ndikuyambitsa boma loyendetsa madzi.

Zingwe zigwa

Kuwaza malo

Madontho pa cactus amayamba chifukwa cha ma virus angapo komanso ma bacteria. Ndipo chifukwa chake mawonekedwe ake ndi osayenera. Choyambirira, izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuziziridwa ndi mpweya wozizira, ngati nthawi yozizira nkhwangwa imayima pazenera la mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wambiri ndipo pamalopo pali zojambula zonse. Komanso, chinyezi chokwanira kuphatikiza ndi mpweya wabwino m'chipindacho zimakhudza mbewuyo. Kuti duwa lisawonongeke, muyenera kuikonzanso m'malo abwino ndikukhazikitsa chisamaliro choyenera.

Nthawi zambiri, dzimbiri loyera limawoneka pa cacti, yomwe imakhudza tsindeyo ngati mabowo kapena banga. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatha kukhala kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena madzi ozizira akugwera pa tsinde, komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha kwa chipinda. Ngati malo oterowo awonekera kale, ndizovuta kuzichotsa, chifukwa zimayamba kufalikira kumadera ena a tsinde ndikuchulukirachulukira.

Kuwaza dzimbiri ndi chikaso.

Chikaso

Cactus amapeza mtundu wachikaso wopanda michere m'nthaka, komanso ndi bacteria kapena virus. Monga lamulo, chikasu cha nkhadze chimayamba ndi nsonga za mphukira ndi pamwamba pa chomeracho. Ngati zakudyazo ndizachikasu kwathunthu, zimatha kudwala kachilomboka kotchedwa jaundice, ndipo palibe njira yochizira matendawa. Imatha kupita mwachangu kwambiri, kapena imatha kwa miyezi ingapo kapenanso zaka.

Chikasu zimayambira

Fusarium

Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi bowa wa banja la Fusarium, nthawi zambiri amakhudza omwe amagwirizana. Kufalikira kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, woyamba bowo amagwira mizu, kenako amalowerera mu dongosolo lochitira zinthuzo, amafikira pamwamba, ndipo cactus amafota. Ngati chikwangwani cha pinki kapena chofiirira chikuwoneka pamitengo ya cactus, zimayambira zimakomoka ndikuyamba kutsika pansi, ichi ndi chizindikiro chomveka cha fusarium. Ndikudula pamitengo, mutha kuwona zonyamula za ma maroon-brown.

Kuchulukitsa kwenthaka komanso chinyezi chambiri mchipindacho zimathandizira matenda. Zoyenera kuchita ngati nkhwangwa zikuyamba kuvunda - posachedwa, chotsani duwa pamphika ndikudula mbali yonse yanji ya thunthu, kuchitira odulidwa ndi makala, owuma komanso muzu.

Ndi kuthirira kwambiri ndi kutentha kochepa m'chipindacho, kuthekera kwa matendawa kumakulanso.

Mealybug

Ngati zolembera zoyera kapena madontho ofanana ndi fluff awonekera pamakoko, ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti mealybug yawukira mbewuyo. Choyambitsa matendawa chimawonedwa ngati chisamaliro chosayenera, matenda ochokera ku chomera china kapena kulowerera kudzera m'nthaka yomwe ili ndi kachilombo.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Mealyworm

Njira zamankhwala

Pakhoza kukhala njira zingapo zochizira malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda.

Kudula mizu

Momwe mungasungire kactus ngati itayamba kuwola kuyambira pansipa, motsatira zochita:

1. Dulani mizu yonse yomwe imawonongeka kwambiri kapena kuvunda kwathunthu.
2. Muzimutsala otsala wathanzi mizu mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate.
3. Kuwaza ndi sulfure ufa kapena zinyalala zamakala.
4. Tsitsani kwa masiku awiri mpaka atatu mutapachikidwa pamalo owongoka.
5. Tengani mphika watsopano watsopano, utatsanulira dothi lonyowa ndikubzala zipatso.
6. Mutabzala, mmera sufunikira kuthiriridwa madzi kwa masabata 3-4.

Kudula mizu

Kuti mupewe vuto lotere mtsogolo, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo onse kuthirira.

Kukonzanso mizu

Ngati muzu wa nkhadze wavunda, muyenera kuchita chiyani:

1. Dulani chidutswa chowola ndikuyang'ana mosamala kuti odulawo azikhala athanzi komanso oyera.
2. Pesi imafunika "kukulitsidwa" pang'ono, ngati pensulo, kuti pambuyo pake izikhala yabwino kwambiri kubzala m'nthaka.
3. Chitani chidacho ndi kaboni wophwanyika.
4. Lolani kupukuta bwino ndikutchingira pamalo owongoka kapena kuwayika kapu ya pulasitiki.
5. Yembekezani mpaka mizu yaying'ono itaphuke. Njirayi ndi yayitali kwambiri, ingatenge masiku opitilira khumi.
6. Mizu ikaoneka kuti ibzala mmera munthaka ya cacti.
7. Madzi okha kudzera poto. Patatha mphindi 10 mutathirira madzi, thirirani madzi onse omwe kapu yake ili.

Kukonzanso mizu

Nthawi ina mukatha kuthilira madzi pakatha milungu itatu ndi itatu.

Njira ina yokwaniritsira nkhadze itavunda:

1. Dulani gawo lonse lozungulira la nkhadze.
2. Youma kwa masiku 3-4, munthawi yomwe kudula kuyenera kumangika.
3. Chitani ndi chothandizira kukulitsa muzu ndikuyika kapu yamadzi. Madzi amafunikira kwambiri kotero kuti imakwirira gawo la 2-3 masentimita.
4. Pakadutsa milungu pafupifupi 1-2, mizu yatsopano imawonekera, ikafika masentimita 1, chomera chitha kuikidwa kukhala dothi lokonzedwa bwino.

Cactus wodziika mwanjira imeneyi sangadyetsedwe ndi feteleza kwa chaka chimodzi.

Cactus kupatsira

Ngati pali tizirombo kapena matenda, ndibwino kuti ndikusintha maluwa kukhala poto watsopano ndi dothi latsopano.

Kugulitsa mumphika watsopano

The cactus rots kuchokera pansi, choti achite, pamenepa:

1. Gwedezani cactus mumphika wakale, pendani bwino muzu ndi thunthu lokha.
2. Mizu youma ndi yowonongeka iyenera kudulidwa, ngati tsinde liwonongeka, liyenera kudulidwira minofu yathanzi, ndikuwazidwa ndi kaboni yophwanyidwa.
3. Kenako, duwa liyenera kutsukidwa bwino m'madzi otentha (madigiri 50-55), ndikuwonjezera fungosis kapena tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
4. Youma kwa masiku 3-5 padzuwa pamalo owongoka komanso mizu yofalikira.
5. Bzalani pansi ndikuyala tsinde mumphika ndikuwaza madzi ndi dothi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi silikufika pamwamba pa mizu.

Pambuyo povunduka ndi kactus, iyenera kusungidwa pang'ono, osathirira kwa masiku atatu.

Kubzala madera okhudzidwa

Momwe mungasungire cactus ngati chakhudzidwa ndi fungal rot:

• Ngati thunthu la cactus lakhudzidwa, kudula chilondacho ndi mpeni ndikuwachitira ndi sulufule.
• Ngati pamwamba akukhudzidwa, ndiye kuti iyenera kudula minofu yathanzi, ndipo chomeracho chikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katemera.
• Ngati zowola pa cactus - onetsetsani mabala ndi makala kapena makala okhazikika, kapena mankhwalawo ndi obiriwira bwino.

Munthawi ya mankhwalawa bowa, ndikofunikira kupatula kupopera madzi ndi madzi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yofikira fungolo pachifukwa ichi.

Mankhwala

Ndi zowola zowuma, zofiirira zofiirira komanso zowonongeka mochedwa, ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi (1-2 pamwezi) kuchitira mbeu ndi phytoncides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Ndi zowola zofiirira, ngati nkhosayo yakhala yofewa komanso yamadzi, muyenera kuchita:

• Chiritsani kuvulala konse pamtengo wa cactus.
• Tsatirani njira yoyenera yosamalirira.
• Chiritsani mbewuyi ndi fungicides kamodzi sabata iliyonse.

Komanso chisamaliro cha cactus

Mbewuyo itachiritsidwa, kuti mtsogolo ilibe mavuto azaumoyo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zabwino.

Kutentha ndi chinyezi

Kwa cacti, komwe kubadwira komwe kuli chipululu, ndikofunikira kupereka dzuwa lokwanira. Amamva bwino ndikamayatsidwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji, koma nthawi yachilimwe pakatentha ndimabwinobwino kuti muwasunthe kuti asayake.

Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumakhala koyenera kutentha kwa 26-28 ° C. Chinyezi amafunika osachepera 40-50%. kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira nthawi yoposa kutentha kwa 15-18 ° C. Mitundu yambiri (kupatula yamitundu yambiri) imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kufika + 5 ° C. Kwa anthu ochokera kumalo otentha, kuunika kowala koma kosasunthika kosachepera 60% kumafunikira.

Kuthirira

M'nyengo yozizira, cacti amakhala m'malo ozungulira komanso osasangalatsa. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu sizifunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Kutsirira cacti sikupitilira kamodzi sabata iliyonse, komanso pang'ono. Ndi kudza kwa masika, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachulukana pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi yotentha imathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi (masiku atatu aliwonse). Kuyambira October, kuthirira kuyeneranso kukhala kocheperako. Madzi azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ofunda ndi oyeretsa.

Momwe mungamvetsetse kuti nkhadze zafota pambuyo pa dzinja

Choyamba, mawanga owuma amawoneka pa tsinde, duwa limataya zokongoletsera zake, ndipo pambuyo pake limafa. Ngati cactus wamera ngakhale pang'ono, minga zatsopano zikawoneka pamenepo ndipo tinthu tonse tobiriwira timakhalabe ndi moyo, ndi bwino. Ngati tsinde lili lolimba, ndipo dothi lomwe lili mumphikalali ndi louma kwambiri, ndiye kuti nkhomayo imafa momveka bwino chifukwa cha chilala, makamaka ngati ili m'dera la dzuwa.

Kuthirira mu poto

Dothi

Kwa cacti obadwira m'chipululu, nthaka yake imafunikira kuwala, kotayirira, chinyezi. Kuti athandizidwe ndi nthaka yotentha, nthaka yake imafunikira airy, yopepuka komanso acidic pang'ono. Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi ngalande zabwino mu mawonekedwe a timiyala tating'onoting'ono, dongo lotukulidwa kapena njerwa zoponderezedwa. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi mchenga, peat ndi makala.

Matenda a cacti ndi chithandizo chake kunyumba amafunika chisamaliro chapadera, popeza tsogolo lake lidzadalira thandizo la panthawi yake kwa chiweto chobiriwira. Kuti muthane ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, nthawi zonse muyenera kuyankha mwachangu, komanso ndibwino kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe awo, kusamalira moyenera mnzanu wokondedwa.