Ambiri odziwa ntchito zamaluwa ndi amateurs amalima zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zokometsera - zonse pa infield ndi pawindo pamapoto. Pamodzi ndi katsabola wamba, parsley, basil ndi chithokomiro, Rososary ayambanso kutchuka. Kodi ndizotheka kukulitsa zonunkhira zaku Europe ku Russia ndikuchita?
Kodi rosemary imawoneka ngati banja liti
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukumbukira momwe dzina la chikhalidwe limalembedwera: rosemary kapena rosemary. Rosemary yekha, komanso china chilichonse.
Chomera ichi ndichoperewera, nyanja ya Mediterranean imadziwika kuti ndi kwawo, ndendende - gawo lakumadzulo, kumene udzuwu umakula ngati udzu - kulikonse. Malo okhala ndi chilimwe chotentha, monga Crimea, Krasnoyarsk, ali makamaka kukonda kwake. Ikukula bwino ku Ukraine.
Rosemary - chitsamba chokongola modabwitsa
Banja la Lamiaceae, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rosemary, ndi gulu lalikulu lotchedwa Rosemary. Mu Chilatini, dzina la mtengowu limamveka ngati Rosmarinus officinalis.
Tchire la mbewuyi limapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zazitali, zomwe pamapeto pake zimadzakhala mitengo. Masamba a Lanceolate okhala ndi mbali zomata, zobiriwira zakuda pamwambapa ndi siliva woyera pansi, wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso lonunkhira. Anthu ambiri sanganene zomwe fungo la rosemary limanunkhira, chifukwa m'mankhwala ake onunkhira a singano, bulugamu, utomoni, camphor ndi mandimu amagwidwa nthawi yomweyo. Kukoma kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba akuwotcha, ndi kukoma kowawa.
Chitsamba chokulirapo cha maluwa achikulire chizikhala nyengo yabwino chitha kutalika mamita atatu. Komabe, pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbewu iyi yomwe imasiyana pakulongosola: yomwe imakula, ndi yomwe ikukwawa, ikukula kukula. Chapakati pa Russia, tchire la rosemary limachita modzilemekeza kwambiri, ndipo kukula kwake amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 70 kutalika ndi mulifupi.
Zofunika! Nthawi yamaluwa, kutengera mitundu, imakutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera, abuluu, buluu, lilac, pinki. Chipatsocho ndi mtedza wocheperako.
Mizu yake imaphukidwa kwambiri, mpaka mpaka kufika mamita awiri kuya pansi.
Mwachidule za mbiri yakuwonekera
Ndiye kodi rosemary ndi chiyani ndikugwiritsa ntchito? Chomera ichi chinadziwika kwambiri zaka zambiri zapitazo. Malinga ndi nthano zina, imakhala ya mtundu wamtambo wamtambo wa maluwa ake kwa Namwali Mariya, yemwe adayika chofunda chake pach chitsamba kuti ateteze khanda Yesu ku kutentha kwa dzuwa. Malinga ndi nthano zina, mawonekedwe a maluwa a rosemary adayamba chifukwa cha madontho a chithovu cha mnyanja, momwe mulungu wachikondi ndi kukongola adabadwira - Aphrodite pakati pa Agiriki ndi Venus pakati pa Aroma.
Kuyambira kale, zophukira za rosemary zayikidwa m'manja mwa akufa kuti ziwalitse njira yawo muufumu wa mithunzi - ku Egypt. Adawonjezeranso paphwando la mkwatibwi, adakongoletsa madiresi aukwati a omwe angokwatirana kumenewo ndikupereka zodyera zazing'ono za nthambi zamipanda kwa alendo ku Europe wakale.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa: nthawi zosiyanasiyana, m'mizinda ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana, rosemary imadziwika ngati chomera cha okonda. Ndipo ngati pambuyo paukwati nthambi ya rosemary yodzalidwa ndi okwatirana ang'onoyo idayamba kukula, izi zidalonjeza moyo wautali komanso wachimwemwe kwa banjali, lodzala ndi chikondi ndi mgwirizano.
Pophika, masamba owuma a zonunkhira ndi mphukira zatsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito rosemary kuphika
Lero, zonunkhira izi zikugonjetsadi mitima ya gourmets kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi: funso loti mungawonjezere rosemary limalandira mayankho ambiri. Masamba owuma amayenda bwino ndi nsomba ndi nyama, komanso masamba ambiri ophika kapena ophika. Zakudya zopangidwa mokonzeka zimakongoletsedwanso ndi masamba atsopano ndi mphukira.
Zofunika! Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta ofunikira komanso kununkhira kowala, zonunkhirazi zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala kwambiri komanso mwanzeru kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, udzu umawonjezedwa maminiti pang'ono kumapeto kwa kuphika kuti kutsimikizire chidwi mu mbale. Kupanda kutero, pali chiopsezo chosokoneza fungo ndi kakomedwe ka zosakaniza panu.
Mankhwala zimatha rosemary
Zonunkhira zabwino zimakhala ndi anti-yotupa komanso machiritso a bala, ndipo zimathandizanso kuthamanga kwa magazi pamiyeso yotsika, zimakhudza mayendedwe amanjenje ndikumachepetsa mutu. Decoctions wa rosemary amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzizira, matenda am'mimba, komanso monga choleretic ndi diuretic. Chifukwa cha malo awa, ndikofunikira kusonkha ndi kuyimitsa rosemary kuti mumalize ndi nduna yanu yamankhwala kunyumba.
Kukula Rosemary ku Middle Strip
Amadziwika kuti rosemary ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha, olima dimba ambiri ali ndi funso: momwe angabzalire rosemary ngati mulibe dzuwa mdziko muno?
Rosemary: kumene kubzala m'munda
Musanabzale, muyenera kusankha kuti rosemary ikhale yosatha kapena pachaka? Zomerazo zokha ndizosatha, koma sizotheka nthawi zonse kuzipatsa nthawi yachisanu kapena kupatsirana, kotero nthawi zina zimangobzala kokha nyengo imodzi. M'madera ozungulira ndi madera ozizira okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, izi ndizomera pachaka.
Kubzala rosemary kuyenera kusamalira mmera
Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zonunkhira zimakonda dzuwa ndi kutentha, sizimalola kutentha kwambiri, nyengo yozizira komanso chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, malo oyenera kumene mungabzalemo adzakhala mbali yakum'mwera kapena chakummawa, yoyatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa. Ndikwabwino kubzala chitsamba m'mbali mwa nyumbayo - chimateteza mbewu ku mphepo zamphamvu, ndipo kununkhira kosangalatsa kumaloledwa.
Onetsetsani kuti mwasankha malo kuti madzi asasanduke, apo ayi mbewuyo idzafa mwachangu. Thyme, basil, laurel, katsabola ndi parsley adzakhala oyandikana abwino a rosemary. Alimi ena amathanso kuwuchotsa pafupi ndi nkhaka ndi anthu osiyanasiyana a banja laling'ono, popeza fungo lomweli limasiyitsa tizirombo bwino. Koma mpiru ndi horseradish zidzawononga mwachangu anzawo aku Mediterranean.
Dothi
Ndikwabwino kubzala zonunkhira mu dothi lamchenga wambiri, wambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti dothi likhale lotchinga bwino komanso kuti likhale ndi asidi-oyambira-mayunitsi okwanira 6-7. Komanso acidic, komanso dothi lamchere kwambiri limawononga chomera.
Dothi labwino kwambiri limatha kupangika mwaokha potenga mbali ziwiri za kompositi, gawo la mchenga komanso gawo la miyala yaying'ono. M'malo mwa mchenga wa laimu, mutha kutenga ina iliyonse, koma mufunika izi zina zowonjezera za dolomite, muziphatikiza zingapo za ma faoni okwanira malita asanu aliwonse a osakaniza.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi komanso kukula kwa chitsamba, ndikofunikira kuti muzidyetsa panthawi yake. Njira yabwino yodyetsera ndikutsatirana motere: kasupe, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amayikidwa, mu chirimwe - zovuta, ndipo nthawi yozizira - phosphate. Zakudya zoterezi zimathandiza kuti udzu uzikula bwino.
Zofunika! Ma feteleza a phosphoric amaphatikiza superphosphate ndi ammophos, pomwe feteleza wa nayitrogeni amaphatikizapo ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate ndi ammonium sulfonitrate.
Kutsina
Onse mumiphika ndi m'mundamo, rosemary imafunikira kutsina - izi zimathandiza kuti ikule mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri amangoyala mphukira zazing'ono (kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 15 cm ya mbali ya apical). Nthambi zouma kapena zodula zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zokometsera kuphika, kapena zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukulitsa chitsamba chatsopano.
Kudina nthawi panthawi yake ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri kuti mukule bwino
Momwe rosemary imafalira
Chomera chakuthengo chofesedwa ndi mbewu, komabe, ndi kulima kokumba, mwayi wa kufalitsa kwake umakulitsidwa kwambiri.
Kumera kwa mbeu
Kuti mumere mbewu za rosemary, muyenera kutenga chidebe kapena chopukutira, ndikupukuta ndikuyika njerezo limodzi. Ikani mafuta m'malo otentha - kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi 20-22 ° C. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chezeyi sichima - chifukwa ichi chimayenera kupakidwa munthawi yake kuchokera pa mfuti yolusa.
Mizu yake ikawoneka, mbande imakhala yokonzeka. Ndikofunika kukonza dothi: liyenera kukhala lonyowa, koma losanyowa. Mbewu zimasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi minofu - mizu yake ndi yosalimba, ndikofunikira kuti isaziwononge, ndikuziyika pansi. Kuchokera kumwamba amakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza dothi (0.5-1 cm) ndikunyowetsa dziko lapansi ndi mfuti yofukizira. Chidebe cha pansi chimakutidwa ndi chivindikiro kapena polyethylene, kusiya mabowo angapo mpweya wabwino, ndikudikirira mphukira yoyamba.
Zofunika! Kumera kwa mbewuyi sikokwanira zana, motero, ndikofunikira kumera mbewu zambiri kuposa zomwe adzabzala pamapeto.
Maluwa oyamba akangotuluka, ndikofunikira kuchotsa chivundikiro kapena polyethylene ndikukhazikitsa chidebe padzuwa - izi zimalola kuti zikumera zitheke mphamvu ndikukula msanga. Pambuyo pakuwonekera masamba awiri kapena atatu owona, mbande zimasinthidwa ndikuyikidwa mumbale. Ngati mukufuna kudzala rosemary kasupe pamalo otseguka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kumera mbewu kuyambira kumapeto kwa February, pomwe mbewuyo imaphuka kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale mutayisamalira mosamala.
Mizu yodula
Njira yosavuta ndikutsitsa mizu. Kuti muchite izi, dulani phesi kuthengo kutalika kwa 10-15 cm. Kuyambira pansi, idulani masamba onse ndikuyika zodulidwazo mumtsuko ndi madzi. Pakatha pafupifupi masiku atatu, mizu yoyambirira imawonekera, ndipo patatha sabata limodzi imatha kubzalidwa m'nthaka.
Kufalitsa ndi kudula ndiyo njira yosavuta kwambiri yoberekera rosemary.
Mpweya wagona
Njira yodzikonzera mpweya imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitengo. Pankhani ya rosemary, njira idzakhala yoyeserera kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala zigawo zapamwamba za korte kuchokera pazouma mbali za mphukira, pafupi 20-30 cm kuchokera kumtunda. Kenako ikani malowo kuyambira ndikuwala ndikuwazungulira ndi dziko lotentha komanso lonyowa kapena moss. Mizu ikayamba kukula mwachangu, gawo ili la mphukira limasiyanitsidwa ndi chitsamba chachikulu ndikubzala pansi.
Kugawanitsa
Njira yosavuta ikakhala yogawa chitsamba chachikulu zing'onozing'ono zingapo. Kuti muchite izi, pukuleni bwino tchire lonse pamodzi ndi mizu ndikulekanitsa bwino mphukira ndi mizu yosiyana, kenako ndikubzala zitsamba zatsopano patali pafupifupi 50 cm kuchokera kwina.
Rosemary: mawonekedwe amakula poyera ku Urals
Ngati mukufuna rosemary chaka chonse - kulima kwakunja si njira yabwino, makamaka madera akumpoto kwenikweni kwa dziko. Chomera chimafuna dzuwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndipo kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha kapena kuzizira kumawononga.
Zofunika! Ngakhale zigawo za Moscow Region izi sikuti nthawi zonse zimatha kukhalako nthawi yozizira, ngakhale mizu itakutidwa ndi utuchi nyengo yachisanu. Kodi tinganenenji za ma Urals, komwe kulima rosemary poyera sikungatheke.
Ndiye chifukwa chake kumpoto chakum'mawa amadyera mumiphika ndikumangotulutsa chilimwe basi, nyengo yofunda ikakhazikitsidwa, kutentha kosachepera 15 ° C. Ndipo rosemary, ndi thyme, ndi mbewu zina zambiri za thermophilic mwanjira imeneyi zimatha kutulutsa maluwa ndikusangalatsa wamaluwa chaka chonse. Nthawi yomweyo, njira iyi yakukula sikungayambitse mavuto - mukungofunika kuti mudzulitse mbewuyo panthaka pomwe mizu yake imakula ndikukula. Kupanda kutero, chisamaliro chomera chidzakhala chimodzimodzi ndi kukula kwake panthaka.
Kukula mumiphika ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yozizira.
Rosemary: Zinthu zomwe zikukula mu Siberia
Pankhani ya Urals, rosemary yomwe ikukula ku Siberia poyera ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri komanso yopweteka, yomwe ndiyotheka kupewedwa.
Inde, alimi ena amakonda kubzala zonunkhira kwa chilimwe chimodzi. Ena amabzala tchire pansi ndikutentha kokhazikika, kenako ndikuwachotsa m'mapoto pakugwa. Ilinso njira yabwino yokulitsira maluwa, koma mizu yake yosalimba sikuti imakhala nthawi zambiri momwe amakhalira.
Momwe mungakulire rosemary kunyumba pazenera sill kuchokera kwa mbewu
Kukula zonunkhira kunyumba sikovuta: muyenera kumera mbewu mwanjirayo, mudzala mbande m'mbale zodyeramo, ndipo zikamamera m'malo mwa malo otayika, ndikani mbewuzo mumiphika yambiri.
Zofunika! Ndikofunikira kuti mutchekere nsonga zake munthawi yake ndikupanga chitsamba kuti sichikula kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha malo ake ndi mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito, rosemary ikukula kukhala chomera chomera pazenera la windows. Chachikulu ndichakuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kumamukwanira - ndiye kuti adzakondwera ndi fungo labwino komanso mtundu wowala.
