Maluwa a Viola

Nthawi zambiri mu chilimwe m'mabedi a maluwa mumatha kupeza maluwa okongola, owala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amakhala ngati nkhope zazing'ono kapena mavalidwe aana oseketsa. Viola chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi chiani?

Chiyambi komanso mawonekedwe a chomera cha viola

Viola ndi tricolor violet, kapena pansy, - chomera chaudzu chokongoletsera kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Pali mitundu 400.

Duwa lakunyumba ku Africa. Kugawidwa ku Japan, Andes, North America. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, Baron A. Saint-Paul, poyenda ndi wokondedwa wake pakati pa miyala, adapeza duwa lokongola modabwitsa ndi miyala ya buluu komanso pakati pachikasu. Anazitumiza kwa abambo ake, omwe amatenga mbewu zachilendo. Izi zinali mu 1892, ndipo mu 1893 viola adawonetsedwa koyamba pa chiwonetserochi.

Zikuwoneka bwanji

Malinga ndi nthano ina, mtsikanayo Anyuta adakondana ndi munthu wina wachuma yemwe adalonjeza kuti amukwatira ndipo satha kusunga mawu ake. Mtsikanayo anamwalira achisoni, ndipo maluwa anakulira pamanda ake, otchedwa ma pansies.

Kufotokozera kwamaluwa a viola chomera

Viola adatsitsa, masamba aubweya pamtunda wamfupi, ndi ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Kuti musiyanitse ndi ma classic a violets, mitundu imathandizira: yosavuta, yokhala ndi masamba asanu, nthawi zambiri mitundu itatu imaphatikizidwa ndi ma petals awo. Pathusi imodzi imatha kusungunula maluwa 5-7. Mtundu ndi wosiyanasiyana: lilac, buluu, pinki. Amatha kukhala a monophonic komanso amitundu yambiri (pali mawanga amtundu kapena mikwingwirima pamiyala). Kutengera ndi mitundu, m'mphepete mwa mapatawo ndi lathyathyathya kapena wavy. Kutalika kwa viola ndi 18-30 cm.

Viola - maluwa osatha kapena pachaka

Pali mitundu ya pachaka komanso yosatha. Mphukira zamaluwa zimaphukira makamaka mu Meyi, nthawi zina kale. Nthawi zambiri amakula ngati azaka ziwiri.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya viola

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

Viola Valentino

Malingaliro wamba. Magulu - m'mawa. Maluwa a Viola Valentino ndi ochepa pamitengo yayitali. Pali zoyera, zofiirira, zabuluu, lavenda.

Viola Wittroka

Mawonedwe otchuka kwambiri. Imakula mpaka 30 cm. Maluwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, pali mitsempha kapena mawanga pamatamba, kawirikawiri amakhala monophonic. Mtunda wotchuka ndi Terry Lace, Swiss Giants.

Viola Da Gamba (wanyanga viola)

Maluwa ndi ofiira ocheperako komanso amtundu wa lilac. Palinso mitundu yamtundu wachikasu, lalanje, yofiira. Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kwamtunduwu kumadalira mitundu: mitundu yozizira bwino, koma mitundu ya hybrid imatha kufa.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyi ndi kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera kumbuyo kwa duwa.

Viola Davis

Masamba amakhala odumphadumpha komanso owongoka. Maluwa ndi ofiira owala, opendekera pazifupi. Kukula pang'onopang'ono. Mitundu yamitundu yamaluwa imawonekera pak maluwa lachiwiri ndi lachitatu.

Viola wokhala ndi maluwa akulu

Kutalika sikufika kuposa masentimita 30. Masamba ali ndi stipule. Pazitali zazitali maluwa mpaka mainchesi 7 amapangidwa. Amasiyana mitundu ndi mawonekedwe. Pali monophonic, awiri- kapena atatu-utoto wokhala ndi mikwingwirima kapena mawanga.

Wittrock

Kukula viola kuchokera kumbewu

Kutalika kwa maluwa kumatengera nthawi yofesa. Pali njira zingapo zobzala mbeu:

• kwa dzinja. Kubzala kumachitika mu Seputembala, kuti masamba ang'onoang'ono azikhala ndi nthawi kuti azikhala wamphamvu asanazizidwe komanso amatha nthawi yozizira. Viola adzayamba kutulutsa mu Epulo;
• kuphukira panja. Mbewu zofesedwa kumapeto kwa Meyi, zimaphukira mozungulira Ogasiti - Seputembara, nyengo yachisanu mu chisanu ndikupitilizabe kukondweretsa diso kwa chaka chamawa;
• mbande yamasika. Amakhulupirira kuti viola zobzalidwa masika zimatha kuphuka chaka chotsatira. Kuti tipewe izi, mbewu za mbande zimabzalidwa mu February - Marichi, ndipo maluwa amatha kuwonekera mu Meyi. Maluwa amakhala nthawi yonse ya chilimwe.

Kubzala mbewu za mbande

Monga chidebe, miphika iliyonse yabwino, zotungira kapena mbale ndizoyenera. Payenera kukhala chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka. Nthaka yamalonda imasankhidwa ndendende ndi izi. Mutha kupanga dothi nokha posakaniza dothi, peat ndi humus mogwirizana ndi 2: 2: 1.

Masiku 5-7 asanabzalidwe, feteleza amawonjezeranso dothi, ponseponse chifukwa maluwa ndioyenera.

Ntchito yambalayi itha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

• mizere yosaya pansi imapangidwa m'nthaka (kuya kwa 0.5 cm). Mtunda pakati pa njere uyenera kusunthidwa masentimita 1-2. Kuti apange kutentha kwanyengo, zotengera zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena polyethylene;
• nthaka imathiriridwa ndimadzi ofunda. Mbewu zofesedwa pamtunda wa 1-2 cm ndikulenga wowonjezera kutentha.

Mphukira zimawonekera patatha masiku 7-10, nthawi yomweyo chotsani kachikwama kapena kapu kuchokera mumphika. Mbande zazing'ono zimayikidwa pamalo ozizira ndi kuwala kosakanikira. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kuzungulira 10 ° C.

Mbande

Kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, feteleza wa mchere amawonjezeredwa. Pakufunika, dothi limanyowa. Mukathirira, zinthu ziwiri zimaganiziridwa: Kuyanika kwa chosanjikiza chapamwamba komanso kuphwanya kwambiri m'munsi sikuyenera kuloledwa. Ngakhale mbewuyo imakonda chinyezi, imafa ngati ichulukirapo.

Mutha kuuchotsa mphukirayo mumphika wosavuta ndikuwusiya mnyumbayo pawindo, kapena mutha kuwubzala pamalo otseguka kumtunda.

Kubzala mbande za viola poyera

Masamba oyamba akapangidwa, mbewuyo ndi yabwino kubzala panthaka. Masabata awiri zisanachitike, zikumera zimatulutsa manyowa. Mbande zimathandizidwanso ndi kutsegula zenera nthawi zonse ndikusiya zotengera pakhonde lotsekedwa.

Mu sabata lachiwiri, mbande zimatengedwa pamsewu, ndikusiya kaye pamthunzi, kenako mumthunzi, ndikuwonjezera nthawi. Tsiku lisanabzalidwe, zikumera ziyenera kukhala tsiku mumsewu.

Kubzala mbande za viola poyera

Musanabzale mbande, dothi ndi umuna, ammonium nitrate kapena superphosphate ndi yoyenera. Ngati dothi ndi lolemera komanso loyandama, limakumbidwa ndikuphatikiza feteleza, mchenga ndi feteleza wa mchere.

Zitsime zimapangidwa pamalo oyandama nawo mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa mbande zadothi. Monga chida chopangira mabowo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito spatula, kocheperako kapena wowaza.

Kusankha malo abwino kwambiri

Malowa amasankhidwa mumthunzi wocheperako, mitengo yaying'ono yokhala ndi korona wamtundu kapena bedi lalitali lalitali ndioyenera. Padzuwa, maluwa amafunika kukhalabe pamthunzi.

Njira yodzala viola pabedi lamaluwa

Kubzala kumera, konzani pang'onopang'ono tsinde kuti lisawonongeke. Ngati mizu ingawonongeke pang'ono pakubzala, ndizabwino, mtengowo sufa izi.

Zikumera zobzalidwa zimayenera kumasulidwa ndikuthiriridwa tsiku lililonse. Kawiri pamwezi, mbande zimagwidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere.

Ndondomeko zotsata:

1. Pangani mabowo mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
2. Onjezani vermicompost mwa iwo ndikusakaniza pang'ono ndi nthaka.
3. Kwezani mbande kuti mdzenje, dzazani tulo ndi nthaka ndikuyigwirizira pang'ono.
4. Madzi ndi mulch nthaka ndi utuchi kapena udzu wouma.

Kuwulula

Kusamalira Viola

Viola - duwa lomwe silitengeka tizirombo ndi matenda. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa matendawa, masamba amayamba kusanduka achikasu ndi banga, choyera choyera kapena zowola zimawonekera. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kwenikweni, matenda amawonekera kuchokera ku chisamaliro chosayenera, makamaka, kusowa kapena chinyezi chambiri.

Kusamalira moyenera kumathandiza kuti mbande zizolowera malo atsopano ndikuyamba kuphuka mwachangu.

Njira yothirira

Ndikofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi chokwanira: kuyanika kapena kuzunza mopitilira muyeso sikuvomerezeka.

Udzu suyenera kuloledwa kuwononga mbewuyo.

Kuthirira

Momwe mungadyetse viola chifukwa cha maluwa ambiri

Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mavalidwe apamwamba (femola, feteleza wapamwamba).

Zosamalidwa nthawi yamaluwa

Dzuwa lowala, maluwa adzakhala akuluakulu kuposa pamithunzi. Mitengo yolumikizidwa itha kudulidwa kuti mbewuyo ikukula mopitilira ndi kukhalabe yokongoletsa. Musaiwale za kuthirira nthawi zonse, chifukwa popanda iwo, maluwa amatha kusiya kwathunthu.

Zinthu zosamalira pakupuma

Pambuyo maluwa, nyengo yopumira imayamba. Pakadali pano, njira zambiri mmera zimachepetsa kapena kusiya kwathunthu. Pakadali pano, zimayambira za chomera zimadulidwa, ndikusiya pafupifupi 5 cm pamtunda, ndikudyetsedwa.

Asanadulire, mbewu zimakololedwa: zimapangidwa m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono m'malo mwa maluwa. Amasonkhanitsidwa, amauma m'nyumba ndikuisunga mufiriji.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Ma viol pachaka nyengo yozizira isanangochotsedwa panthaka, ndipo ma vivanni osatha amaphimbidwa ndi udzu kapena nthambi zanthete. Mwanjira imeneyi, amatha kupulumuka nthawi yozizira kwambiri komanso yayitali.

Zima

Kukula viola kumafuna chisamaliro chochulukirapo komanso nthawi, koma chisamaliro mosamala chingapangitse maluwa okongola kuyesetsa.