Matenda a Rhododendron: Chifukwa Chomwe Amasiya Brown

Rhododendron ndi chomera kuchokera ku banja la Heather. Amakula mzipinda ndi nyumba zosungira. Duwa, monga mbewu ina iliyonse, limayamba kugwidwa ndi matenda komanso kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, ambiri wamaluwa akudabwa chifukwa chake masamba a Rhododendron adasandulika bulauni, komwe zowola zidachokera. Pali njira zosavuta zomwe mungachiritsire, kenako kupewa, matenda a Rhododendron.

Mitundu yakuola yomwe ikhudza mbewu

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola, yomwe ili ndi njira yawo yodziwika ndi njira zamankhwala.

Zovunda

Wothandizirana ndi causative ndi bowa yemwe amafalikira ku mizu ndi tsinde. Zowonongeka zimatha kuwoneka ponse pamera komanso pa mphukira payokha. Choyamba, chitsamba chimayamba kumera, kenako masamba amawuma popanda kusintha kwina, masamba amasanduka ofiira, ndikufa.

Zovunda

Ngati mumadula mphukira, kansalu kofiirira kumaoneka. Mukakumba pamizu, mtundu wa bulauni ndi zowola zimawonekera. Zomera zimafa patatha masiku angapo. Maluwa amayamba kupweteka ngati Rhododendron adabzala panthaka yokhala ndi acidic chilengedwe. Matenda amatenga matenda ang'onoang'ono omwe awonjezedwa posachedwa. Matendawa amafalikira kuchokera muzu, umadutsa mpaka kumtunda kwa tsinde.

Palibe chithandizo. Muyenera kukumba chitsamba ndikuwotcha kuti musayambukire matenda oyandikana ndi mbewu zapafupi. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kusintha acidity ya dothi pamalo ano, ndikulamulira koyenera boma lodzala ndi mmera watsopano.

Gray zowola

Wothandizirana naye ndi bowa wa imvi wa botrytis. Imakhala m'nthaka yopanda nthaka komanso zotsalira za mbewu zina. Mwamaonekedwe, fungus ya fungus mu mawonekedwe a mycelium imatsimikiza nthawi yomweyo.

Matendawa akuphatikiza ndi izi:

• mawanga a bulauni pa zimayambira, masamba, masamba;
• nkhope ya malo owonongeka ayuma ndipo imayamba kusweka;
• ma sclerotia amapangidwa, omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mawonekedwe a convex.

Chodziwika ndi matendawa ndikuti kukula kwa fungus sikoyera, koma imvi kapena yakuda. Matenda amtunduwu amalimbana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, amakhalabe ndi zaka 2-3.

Njira zochizira: kuthana ndi tizilomboti ndi kudulira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumera kwa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi pafupi ndi yankho la baseazole.

Gray zowola

Mochedwa

Mthandizi wa causative ndi fungus Phytophtora cinamomi. Chomera chimatha kudwala kuchokera ku maluwa oyandikana nawo. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimathandizira kupanga bowa:

• kuthirira kambiri;
• kusowa kapena kutayika kwa ngalande;
• chinyezi chachikulu.

Zizindikiro zamatenda ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa:

• masamba owuma, omwe amafalikira ku nthambi zaumodzi;
• kusowa kubwezeretsa kwa kachulukidwe ka masamba usiku kapena m'mawa;
• Nthambi zimasanduka chikaso, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa mtundu kumadzanso chomera chonse;
• Mizu imakhala yotuwa, yowola;
• mawanga a bulauni m'dera la khosi la mizu kapena chiyambi cha tsinde;
• kuvunda pamatanda;
• pang'onopang'ono mawonekedwe amtundu kapena wakuda pamtundu wa bulauni, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha mapangidwe a fungal spores;
• mtsogolo, mukapanda kuchitapo kanthu, mbewu yonseyo imafota ndikuuma.

Njira zochiritsira: kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Bordeaux, ndipo ngati duwa lakhudzidwa kwambiri, limakumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa.

Fluoride zowola

Rhododendron Mphukira zowola

Chomera chimapatsira bowa Sporocybe azaleae. Wothandizirana ndi causative adapezeka koyamba ku United States, ndipo njira zopewera ndi kuchiritsa zimaphunziranso kumeneko. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakula mu rheodendron wamkulu komanso wolamulira. Chikhalidwe cha kugonjetsedwa ndikusintha mumithunzi ya masamba kukhala bulauni kapena bulauni. Popanda chithandizo, chitsamba chimafa.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda totsekemera timene timayambira masamba nthawi zambiri amapita kunthambi, kupatsira shrub yonse. Ndikosavuta kuti mumupulumutse, muyenera kudula mita yonse ya mphukira.

Njira zakuchiritsira: Pakatha milungu itatu iliyonse, mbali zonse za chomera zimathiridwa mankhwala ndi zida zamkuwa.

Bud zowola

Matenda akuluakulu a Rhododendron ndi njira zawo

Gawani matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana.

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yamatenda oyamba:

• matenda a fungal a Rhododendron. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalikira kudothi kapena pomwe spores imayendetsedwa ndi mphepo. Zowonongeka zimadziwika mu gawo lililonse la mbewu. Mapangidwe amdima amdima amapangidwa, mapangidwe ozungulira okhala ndi mitu yoyera, imvi, yakuda. Rhododendron chlorosis ndi chitsanzo chachikulu cha matenda a fungus;
• matenda. Uku ndikugonjetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana. Matendawa amatha kupezeka munthaka kapena kunyamulidwa ndi tizilombo. Pang'onopang'ono, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timayambira limodzi ndi mizu, thunthu, masamba, mphukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume ndi kufa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timafalikira kumadera ambiri shrub. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwotcha kwathunthu kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa matenda ku mbewu zoyandikana;
• zosayambitsa matenda. Zoyipa zachilengedwe zimachita zomwe zimatsogolera kukula, maluwa, komanso kuti masamba a Rhododendron adapindika. Izi zitha kukhala njala ya nayitrogeni, dothi losakhala bwino, akuwuluka. Kuti musunge tsinde, ndikofunikira kukonza nthaka, kuthira feteleza ndi madzi motsatira dongosolo.

Pofuna kuti musasokoneze mitundu yamatendawa, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe ali nazo. Pa mtundu uliwonse wamatenda ndikukula kwakaderapo, pali yankho.

Kuchepetsa kwa Tracheomycotic: masamba akamapindika

Matenda amachokera ku bowa Fusarium oxysporum. Izi ndi tiziromboti zomwe zimakwiyitsa zotsatirazi:

• kapangidwe ka bulauni pamizu, zowola pambuyo pake;
• kufalikira kwa spores chomera chonse, chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa michere;
• masamba amataya kunenepa, kukhala owopsa, kupindika, mawanga a bulauni amawoneka pa Rhododendron;
• masamba akugwa a olowa petioles;
• mycelium wamaonekedwe oyera amapangika pa mitengo ikuluikulu.

Njira zochizira: kuwotcha mbewu yonse pamodzi ndi mizu, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kuthira ndi yankho la baseazole pofuna kupewa.

Mphukira zimafa

Matendawa amafalikira kwa ma rhododendrons, omwe amabzalidwa mumthunzi popanda kukhalapo kwa dzuwa. A fungus ochokera ku genus Phytophtora cactorum Leb amafalikira pamaluwa. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa:

• impso sizichita pachimake;
• pang'onopang'ono masamba ndi mphukira kukhala ndi mtundu wakuda, kufa.

Njira zochizira: kuwotcha masamba owonongeka, mphukira, mutachotsa maluwa, utsi ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa milungu iwiri iliyonse.

Khansa ya mu minyewa

Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Imasokoneza ma plasmids omwe amasintha ma cell a chomera. Nthawi zina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kupatsira munthu matenda, kupangitsa kuti matenda amtunduwu azitha kuchepa.

Shrub amadwala, akumakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• mapangidwe a zophukira pamizu, zomwe zimakhala zakuda komanso zolimba, kupewa kutuluka kwa michere kupita mumitengo, mphukira ndi masamba;
• kukula kubwezeretsa, maluwa ofooka;
• pang'onopang'ono m'malo a zophuka zowola.

Njira zochiritsira: zitsamba zakhudzidazi zimapoperedwa ndimadzi a Bordeaux, ndipo ngati chitsamba chidakhudzidwa kwambiri, amachikumba ndikuchiwotcha.

Matenda a tizilombo

Pali mitundu yambiri yazirombo yomwe ingayambitse matenda a rhododendron:

• furowed weevil. Masamba owonongeka - amadya mabowo akuluakulu mkati mwake. Ngati mphutsi zambiri zikawoneka, chitsamba chonsecho chimafota ndikufa. Kudulira kumachitika ndi ascis, ndulu;
• akangaude. Masamba omwe tizilombo timene timakhalako akutembenukira chikasu, kusintha mawonekedwe, kutembenuka bulauni ndi kowuma. Kumwaza kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito actellik, fufanon;
• chishango chonyenga cha mthethe. Tizilomboti timabowola bark, kudziphatika kum nthambi. Chomera chomwe sichikhudzidwa pachimake sichimamera, chimang'amba pang'onopang'ono ndikufa. Kuchiza kumachitika ndi mankhwala aliwonse okhala ndi phosphorous, mwachitsanzo, fufanon;
• fodya amaponya. Tizilombo timene timayambitsa masamba osatseguka, amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. Duwa limathandizidwa ndi othandizira a phosphorous, mwachitsanzo, phytoerm;
• Chowonjezera chatsopano cha amaleya azalea. Chifukwa cha izo, masamba achikasu okhala ndi mawanga akuda ngati utomoni amawonekera. Rhododendron imasiya kupindika, kuwuma ndikugwa. Kuchiza kumachitika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa chifukwa cha fodya.

Furrowed weevil

Kuwona malo

Matendawa amapangidwa chifukwa cha bowa Gloeosporium rhododendri. Pamasamba pamapezeka madera ofiira a mtundu wofiirira. Masamba amauma msanga, masamba angapo owongoka ndi mawonekedwe amdima wakuda pa iwo. Pang'onopang'ono, matendawa amasuntha.

Njira zamankhwala: kudulira kwa magawo omwe akhudzidwa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux fluid.

Njala ya nayitrogeni

Awa ndi matenda omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu m'nthaka. Ma plates a masamba amasintha. Mfuti zimapangidwa mofooka, maluwa samachitika. Pamasamba, mawanga achikaso, kenako bulauni, mawonekedwe. Pang'onopang'ono zimasowa. Kuti muthane ndi matenda, muyenera kuwonjezera mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni.

Kuyanika kuzizira

Ino siiri matenda a parasitic omwe amafanana ndi kufa kwa mphukira. Matendawa amapezeka pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira yozizira kwambiri. Nthaka ikanyowa, masamba amapindika, amatayika, amatembenukira bulauni ndi youma. Izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa chinyezi komanso kuwonongeka kwamkati ndi matalala ozizira. Madzi oyenda mkati mwake atasinthika, ma Rhododendron amabwerera mwakale.

Kuphulika (makulidwe)

Kupanda kutero, matendawa amatchedwa matenda a sera. Amayambitsidwa ndi bowa wa Exobasium. Pali mbiri yokhala ndi chizindikiro:

• Kusintha ndi makulidwe a masamba;
• tsamba lamasamba limayamba kufiyira;
• mapangidwe sera wokutira, wokhala ndi spores;
• malo owonongeka ndi owuma;
• maluwa sapezeka kapena ofooka.

Njira zochizira: kudulira kwa magawo owonongeka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Bordeaux fluid.

Dzuwa

Izi zimachitika ndikusinthasintha kwamphamvu kutentha. Zomera zimatentha ndi kutulutsa chinyezi. Zimakhala zofiirira, zowuma, mawanga amawoneka. Popewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala chitsamba pamalo amdima. Ngati izi sizingatheke, pobisala zizichitikira pamwamba pa chitsamba kuchokera ku dzuwa lotentha.

Dzuwa

Cercosporosis

Ngati rhododendron ali ndi masamba a bulauni, sikuti wolimi aliyense amadziwa zoyenera kuchita. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa Cercospora rhododendri Ferraris. Zimatsutsa kuti Rhododendon ali ndi masamba a bulauni, ndipo ngati pali chinyezi chowonjezera m'deralo, amaphimbidwa ndi zokutira zokhala ndi spores. Chithandizo chikuchitika ntchito fungicidal wothandizira.

Cercosporosis

Jamming

Mpweya wabwino ukayamba kufikira mizu ya chitsamba, masamba ake amasanduka obiriwira, obiriwira. Shrub popanda chifukwa chodziwika amataya masamba. Mphukira zomwe zikubwera ndizofewa. Mpira wamizu umawonongedwa mwachangu.

Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapangika pomwe dothi lake limawola, lolemetsa, komanso lonyowa. Mankhwala, muyenera madzi ndi gawo lapansi komanso mpweya. Kutsirira ndizochepa.

Kupewa Kwazomera ndi Kuteteza

M'nyengo yotentha ndi masika, mbewu zimayenera kumakazidwa nthawi ndi tizirombo, fungicides. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono, mbewu sizimakonda madzi ambiri, komanso sizikula m'malo owuma. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa bwino kuti kukula ndi maluwa zizichitika.

Rhododendron nthawi zambiri imayamba kutenga matenda, chithandizo chomwe chimatengera zomwe zimayambitsa. Itha kutenga kachilombo ka kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Komanso wosamalira dimba ayenera kukumbukiranso kuti zinthu zina zofunika kuti duwa limere ndi kuphuka bwino. Ngati masamba a Rhododendron afota, nkhaniyi ikuwuzani zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati muwerengenso mosamala. Ndipo ndikofunika kuti musachedwe kuchiza, kuti musataye tchire lonse usiku.