Schisandra chinensis imadziwikanso kuti schisandra. Ku China, dzina la mbewuyi limamveka ngati "u-wei-tsu", lomwe limamasulira kuti "chipatso ndi zokonda zisanu." Mu mankhwala aku China, imalowa m'malo achi 2 pambuyo ginseng pakuwonekera kwa machiritso.
Ngati mukupaka tsinde la lemongrass, masamba ake kapena kupukutira chimzu mu dzanja lanu, ndiye kuti mutha kumva kununkhira kwakumwa kwa ndimu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mbewuyi idatchedwa dzina.
Chiyambi ndi mawonekedwe
Kumene kubadwira chikhalidwe ichi ndi China. Ziwerengero za botanical zikuwonetsa kuti m'derali pafupifupi mahekitala 2000 amtunda ali ndi zitsamba za lemongrass. Schisandra ndi mtundu wa banja la Magnolia.
Schisandra chinensis
Uwu ndi mtundu wa liana womwe umapezeka kumadera akumadzulo, Siberia ndi Amur Region, ku Urals ndi Kuril Islands, m'mphepete mwa dera la Primorsky. Amapota mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndi zitsamba mosiyanasiyana.
Mphukira za Liana ndizosunthika, musamapunthwike pamene mukugwa ndikukula molunjika m'mwamba. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala ndi khungwa lakuda. Pa mphukira zazing'ono, makungwa amakhala onyezimira komanso osalala, pazowoneka zakale - zokutira, zopindika. Kutalika kwa mbewuyo ndi 10-18 mita. Danga la tsinde limakhala pafupifupi 2,5 cm.
Masamba a schisandra ndi a brownish ofiira, poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa khungwa la wowotchera, ali opepuka. Amakhala amtali, ofanana ndi dzira lomwe lili ndi gawo kumtunda. Ogwirizana ndi mphukira amapezeka pakatikati pa 40-45 ° node: impso 3 paliponse. Impso yapakati imakula mwachangu kwambiri kuposa oyandikana nawo.
Zosangalatsa! Chomera cha Schisandra ndichopatsa zithunzi zambiri, kotero mu zinthu zachilengedwe zimatha kupezeka m'malo otseguka. Schisandra imatha kutenga chitsamba, ndikufalikira pansi, kuluma stumps ndi snags.
Mtengowo uli ndi masamba owundana omwe ali ndi maziko okumbika, udzu. Nthawi yomweyo, chizindikiro chakunja kwa schisandra ndikuti ma petioles ndi amtundu wamitundu yamitundu. Kutalika kwa pepalali kumakhala pafupifupi 10 cm, m'lifupi ndi 2 nthawi zochepa. Masamba amapezeka paliponse. Chifukwa cha izi, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe okongoletsa.
Kodi mandongrass limayamba bwanji? Chapakatikati, maluwa oyera onyansa okhala ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino amawoneka pamitengo ya Chinese liana. Mtundu, maluwa a lemongrass amafanana ndi mtundu wina wa magnolia.
Maluwa a Lemongrass
Vuto lachivundikiro limapangidwa kuchokera kumaluwa; Zipatsozo zimakhalabe pamitengo ya wopangayo ngakhale masamba atagwa. Amakhala ndi wowawasa wowonda ndi zolemba za tart.
Kufotokozera kwa chipatso ndi katundu wawo
Zipatso za mmera zimakhala ndi burashi wokhala ndi cholandirira, momwe 4 mpaka 40 zipatso, ndi mainchesi 5mm. Podzafika nthawi yakucha kwathunthu, kutalika kwa burashi kumafika 10 cm, m'lifupi - 4 cm. Komanso burashi ili ndi kulemera kwa 1.5 mpaka 15. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi theka la gramu.
Zipatso zatsopano zimakhala zofiira, zipatso zouma zimakhala zofiirira zakuda, nthawi zina ngakhale zakuda. Imakoma zipatso zowawasa ndi kukoma kwa tart. Pansi pa khungu loonda la mabulosiwo pali zamkati zouma zophika, kuchokera kosavuta kufinya msuzi wake.
Zipatso za lemongrass zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira zotsata. Kunyumba, mbewuyi idapeza ntchito kwa osaka - zipatso zochepa chabe zomwe zimaloleza munthu kuyendetsa bwino chirombo tsiku lonse, atakhala ndi mphamvu, yolimbitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zipatsozi zimawonjezera maonedwe acuity.
Zosangalatsa! Masiku ano, zipatso za mtengowo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ku mankhwala achikhalidwe cha anthu ku Siberia. Kukonzekera, komwe kumakhala ndi zipatso za schisandra, kumathandizira kupuma movutikira, kumathandizira minofu, kusinthitsa mafupa, komanso kusintha njira zama metabolic m'thupi.
Zipatso za Schisandra zimathandizira kukoka kwa chithokomiro chotupa, zimakhudza mphamvu yamanjenje ndi mawonekedwe a Reflex, kusintha matenda a psychoemotional, komanso kusintha kusintha kwamphamvu. Komanso, kukonzekera kochokera ku lemongrass sikumapereka mavuto ndipo sikubweretsa kufooka kwa minyewa yamitsempha.
Mitundu iwiri ya Chinese (Far East) Schisandra
M'madera osiyanasiyana ku Far East, pali mitundu 20 ya Chinese liana, yomwe imamera m'nkhalango. M'minda mungapeze mitundu iwiri: "Mwana woyamba kubadwa" ndi "Munda - 1".
Mwana woyamba kubadwa
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi ya Schisandra creeper yowomberedwa ndi obereketsa aku Moscow. "Mwana woyamba kubadwa" amakhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono zazitali, khungu lake ndi lofiirira, mnofu ndi wofiyira. Tsamba lokhazikika lamtunduwu limakhala lalitali masentimita 10 mpaka 10, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 12. Ngati "Woyambayo" wabzalidwe pamalo otseguka, ndiye kuti chitsamba chake chimakhala chapakatikati, ngati mtengowo uli pafupi ndi mitengo ina kapena umakhala ndi zothetsera, ndiye kuti kutalika kudzakhala pafupifupi 5 m.
Mwana woyamba kubadwa
Izi ndizosiyana. Zoyipa zazikulu zamitundu mitundu ndizosavomerezeka pakulimbana ndi matenda ndikuwonetsa zovuta zoyipa zam'mlengalenga.
Munda-1
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi ya Chinese schisandra sifunikira ma pollinators, imakhala mafuta osakanizidwa. Eni ake a mbewuyi amakolola 4-6 kg kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi, chifukwa mitunduyi imadziwika ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa mphukira ndipo imapatsa mapesi ambiri. Kutalika kwa burashi kwa gawoli ndi 9-10 cm.
Munda 1
Mosiyana ndi "Mwana woyamba kubadwa", imagwirizana ndi chisanu.
Thirani Schizandra mutagula poyera
Chitsamba cha Schizandra, ngakhale ndichokongola ndi masisitere achi Russia, ndi chomera chosalemera. Kuti dimba lolima libweretse mbewu, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungabzalire lemongrass.
Zomwe mukusowa
Musanabzale nthaka yanu, muyenera kukonzekera zotsatirazi:
- Mumasuleni dothi, manyowa. Zowonjezera zabwino zimakhala peat kapena humus, phulusa, nitmonium nitrate ndi superphosphate.
- Ndikofunikanso kusamalira ngalande kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa mizu: njerwa zosemphana ndi miyala kapena miyala ya mitsinje ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka.
- Mothandizidwa ndi zowonjezera zapadera muyenera kukwaniritsa mulingo wa nthaka wa nthaka.
Yang'anani! Zoyenera kwambiri kubzala pamalo otseguka ndi mbande zazaka ziwiri.
Malo abwino
Funso posankha malo oti mubzale lemongrass yaku Japan liyenera kufikiridwa kwambiri, popeza mtundu wachikhalidwe ndi zipatso zake zimatengera izi. Tsambali likuyenera kuchita izi:
- Dzuwa labwino. Chikhalidwe chimafunika kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti masamba ake amakhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wobiriwira, ndipo maburashi azipatso amakhala ndi mapesi atali. Kuti muchite kukula kwa lemongrass, iyenera kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa kwa maola osachepera 8 patsiku. Ndi kuchepa kwa dzuwa, masamba amakhala achikasu, kukula kwa burashi yazipatso kumachepa. Malo oyenera kubzala lemongrass ndi mbali yakumwera kwa tsambalo.
- Umboni wotsimikiza. Mphepo zamphamvu zamphamvu, makamaka m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, zimatha kupha mphesa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu pamphepete mwa khoma kapena khoma, komwe imatha kupeza thandizo lina.
Pang'onopang'ono ikamatera
M'madambo, lemongrass ikhoza kubzalidwa koyambirira kwa June. Maupangiri amafikira:
- Maenje akuya masentimita 40 amapangidwa m'nthaka, mulifupi mwake ndi 50-60 cm.
Kubzala lemongrass
- Pansi pa dzenjelo mumadzaza madzi osakaniza, pomwe osakanikirana ndi nthaka, ma turf ndi humus amathiriridwa malinga ndi 1: 1: 1, kuphatikiza kwa 500 g phulusa ndi 200 g ya superphosphate.
- Mipesa imakhala m'nthaka mtunda wa 1 mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Ngati chikhalidwecho chikukula motsatira nyumbayo, ndiye kuti 1-1.5 m ichotsedwenso kukhoma kwa nyumbayo. Izi zitha kuteteza mizu kuti mvula izituluka padenga.
- Mukadzala, sikulimbikitsidwa kuzama lemongrass mwamphamvu.
Momwe mungafalitsire lemongrass
Chinese schisandra imatha kufalitsa mosiyanasiyana: kudula, kugawa, kugawa chitsamba kapena mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, odulidwa kapena mbewu amatengedwa kuti afalikire.
Kudula
Kufalikira ndi kudulidwa ndi njira yovuta. Chachilendo cha chomera cha ku Japan ndichakuti theka lokha lokha zonse zomwe amatengedwa kuti afalitsidwe ndizotheka kukula.
Pofalitsa nthawi yayitali kuyambira pakati pa Julayi mpaka pakati pa Ogasiti, mphukira zazing'ono zimatengedwa kutalika kwa 50 cm. Mphukira uyenera kupindika ndi kutha ndi nsonga yosamveka. Wodula mphukira amaduladula kudula ndi kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita.
Zofunika! Kudula kwa pansi kwa chogwirira kumayenera kukhala 5 mm pansi pa impso. Amapangitsa izi kukhala zopindika. Mbali yapamwamba imapangidwa 3 mm pamwamba pa impso, iyenera kukhala yowongoka. Masamba apansi amang'ambika.
Malekezero a chamferedwo amatsitsidwa mu njira yothandizira kukula kwa maola 6-12 musanabzike. Pobzala, muyenera kukonzekera wowonjezera kutentha: gulani dothi loyera, onjezerani mchenga wotsukidwa ndi woyeserera. Kuchotsa zodulidwazo mu yankho ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera, zimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera ndikubzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha ozizira.
Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mosayang'ana kutali ndi masentimita 3-4. Kutalika kwa malo opanda ufulu pakati pa odulidwa ndi filimuyo wowonjezera kutentha ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Kenako zodulirazo zimathiriridwa mokulira kudzera mu sieve yabwino ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Contraindication kwa iwo ndi dzuwa lolunjika.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, muyenera kukhalabe kutentha mpaka 25 ° C ndi mpweya wonyowa, nthawi ndi nthawi mutsegule filimuyo kuti mpweya wabwino. Tisaiwale za kutsirira kwadongosolo.
Anabzala lemongrass
Pakutha kwa Ogasiti, kudula kudzakhala ndi mizu yokhwima, ndipo filimu yobwezeretsa imatsegulidwa masana. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mutha kusiya malo obiriwira otseguka usiku. Pakatha sabata, filimuyo imachotsedwa kwathunthu, koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira, kudula okonzeka kubzala poyera.
Mukangosintha ma mpesa panthaka, ndikofunikira kuthira feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'dothi momwe amadzimadzi. Njira yothetsera ammonium nitrate (30 g ya saltpeter pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi) kapena slurry kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi malinga ndi 1: 7 ndi yoyenera.
Kwa zaka 2-3 zotsatira, muyenera kumasula nthaka, kuchotsa udzu ndi kuthirira mbewu zambiri. Chapakatikati, patatha zaka 2-3, liana amathanso kuilowetsa pamalo okhazikika.
Kulima mbewu
Mbewu zachikhalidwe, nazonso, sizimera. 25% yokha ya mbewu yomwe imadzala mpesa.
Asanabzale, mbewuzo zimasanjidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kumera. Njirayi imaphatikizapo magawo atatu: mwezi woyamba amasungidwa kutentha kwa 20 ° C, mwezi wachiwiri - kutentha kwa 3-5 ° C, mwezi wachitatu - kutentha kwa 8-10 ° C.
Ndikwabwino kubzala lemongrass m'dothi lanyumba mutayamba chisanu kusungunuka, ndikukula ndikuchuluka kwa masentimita 1-2. Mphukira zikangowonekera, ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zisakhale mderalo ndikunyowetsa nthaka nthawi zonse. Indoor lemongrass imakula kwa zaka ziwiri, pambuyo pake mbande zakonzeka kutuluka.
Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa! Poyera, a liana amafunika kuthandizira kunthambi. Popanda thandizo, lemongrass imawoneka ngati chitsamba, zipatso zake ndizochepa.
Trellis ndi thandizo labwino. Ndizolowera matumba okumbidwawo, omwe kutalika kwake ndi mamilimita awiri ndi awiri.Zikhomo izi ndizokulungidwa ndi waya kutalika kwa 0.5, 0,7 ndi mita 1. Liana limamangirizidwa ku trellis popanda kuchotsa mphukira kwa dzinja.
Kusamalira ndi kukula Chinese Schisandra
Njira yothirira
Kutsirira mwadongosolo ndi mkhalidwe wa kukula kwachangu ndi zokolola zambiri. Mukutentha, muyenera kupopera mankhwalawo.
Yang'anani! Mosiyana ndi maluwa apakhomo, ndikofunikira kuthirira ndikuthira lemongrass ndi madzi ofunda. Kutsirira ndikofunikira mutatha kuthira nthaka. Kuti michere ndi chinyezi zikhale m'nthaka nthawi yayitali, dziko lapansi limadzaza ndi utuchi.
Woyambitsa wamkulu m'chilimwe amafunika ndowa 6 zamadzi pa kuthirira kamodzi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kubala mitundu yaminda ndikosatheka popanda kuthira dothi. Chapakatikati, pomwe masamba amakwawa atatseguka, 40 g wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, phosphoric ndi potaziyamu amasakanikirana kuti adye. Nthawi yamaluwa, nitrofoska ndiye feteleza wabwino koposa. Pamene maluwa atamaliza ku lemongrass, osakaniza 20 g wa nayitrogeni, 15 g wa potaziyamu ndi 15 g wa phosphorous amawonjezeranso.
Nthawi yomweyo, chomeracho chimaphatikizidwa ndi manyowa amadzimadzi okhathamiritsa, osungunulidwa m'madzi mogwirizana ndi 1:15. Mukakolola, dothi limapangidwa ndi phulusa ndi superphosphate.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolondola yoyenera imafunikira zaka zitatu zilizonse kuti manyowa m'nthaka ikhale ndi makilogalamu 5 pa 1 m².
Kukonzekera yozizira
Asanafike pachisanu choyamba, ma liana amathiriridwa madzi ambiri, mulch wa mulch amaikidwa pansi pa mtengo wazipatso za magnolia. M'madera akum'mwera, mipesa ya achikulire imatha nthawi yozizira popanda pogona. Zomera zazing'ono ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma masamba ndi nthambi za spruce.
Kukonzekera lemongrass nthawi yachisanu
M'madera okhala ndi chisanu, kumalimbikitsidwa kuti muchotse mipesa kuthandizo, mangani pamodzi ndikugwada pansi, kenako ndikuphimba ndi masamba omwe adagwa, nthambi za spruce ndi filimu.
Hypisandra yachilendo imamera bwino kum'mwera komwe kumakhala mpweya wouma. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti chomera cha lemongrass chanyumba cha chilimwe sichoyenera kumadera ena a Russia. Ngati itasamaliridwa bwino, mtengo wa mpesa waku China umamera bwino ndipo umabala zipatso bwino.
