Deytsia ndi chitsamba chokongola maluwa chokongola kuchokera ku banja la Hortensian. Mwachilengedwe, imatha kupezeka ku Mexico, komanso ku Japan ndi China. Zomera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe owonda kapena owonganso korona wobiriwira m'deralo. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, amaphimbidwa ndi maluwa kwanthawi yayitali, pomwe machitidwewo amatchedwa "Kukongola Kwam'mawa." Deytsiya ndiwabwino kwambiri kubzala m'munda umodzi, kupanga hedge kapena kupanga malo osangalalira pafupi ndi arbor ndi mabenchi. Sikovuta kusamalira mbewu. Ndi khama lokwanira, amasangalala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso maluwa osakhwima, motero ndikulandiridwa kwathunthu kwa wamaluwa ambiri.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Deytsiya ndi chitsamba chamuyaya komanso chotalika ndi 0.5-4 m. Kutalika kwa moyo wake ndi pafupifupi zaka 25 ndipo chaka chilichonse mphukira zimatalika mpaka 25 cm. Zomerazi zimakonda kukhala panthaka pamtunda wamitengo kapena m'malo otsetsereka a zitunda zotsika.
Rhizome wa zochita zosakanikirana. Zimagwirizanitsa njira zazitali za 1-2 zomwe zimazunguliridwa ndi mizu ya fibrous kumtunda. Zimayambira nthambi zophimbidwa ndi khungwa losalala la bulauni. Pa nthambi zakale, khungwa loonda limasungunuka ndi mbale zomwe, ngati nsanza, zimapachika nthambi. Ichi sichizindikiro cha matenda aliwonse. Mkati mwa nthambi mulibe kanthu, chifukwa chake alibe mphamvu ndipo amachoka mosavuta pamtolo.
Mphukira imakutidwa ndi masamba apambalala a petiole kapena masamba a ovoid. Tsamba losalala, losasunthika la utoto wowala bwino limakhala ndi mitsempha yotalika pang'ono. M'dzinja, masamba amakhala otuwa.
Chakumapeto kwa masika, maluwa obiriwira, amaluwa amaluwa amaphukira kumapeto kwa chaka chatha. Amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amitundu iwiri awiri omwe amakhala ndi masentimita awiri mpaka 1.5. Corolla iliyonse imakhala ndi perianth iwiri komanso 5 oblong, petals point. Pakatikati pake pamakhala zotsekemera zazitali komanso thumba losunga mazira. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta komanso awiri. Mitundu yawo ya petals imapakidwa utoto woyera, wa pinki, wofiirira kapena wa rasipiberi. Maluwa ena amakhala ndi utoto wapawiri wokhala ndi pakati mosiyanako.
Maluwa amatenga mpaka miyezi iwiri, amaphatikizidwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Popita nthawi, m'malo mwa maluwa opukutidwa, mabokosi ozungulira mbewu amapsa. Kucha, amadziyimira pawokha ndikutulutsa mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri. Mitundu ina yokongoletsa ndi yopanda banga ndipo mwina singakhale yopanda zipatso.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Malinga ndi magulu apadziko lonse lapansi, mtundu wamachitidwewo umaphatikizapo mitundu ya mitundu 72. Mitundu ina ndiyotchuka kwambiri.
Kuchita izi ndikovuta. Chitsamba chophukira mpaka 2,5 m chimalimba ndikukula nthambi zowonda zomwe zimatsikira pansi. Khungwa lakale limatulutsa pa iwo. Mibango imakutidwa ndi masamba owuma a petiole okhala ndi nsonga yocheperako. Kukula kwa masamba ake ndi masentimita 3-8, tsitsi lalifupi lalifupi limakhala pamwamba pake. Zomera zimafalikira pakatikati pa mwezi wa June ndi maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono omwe atengedwa mumabichi otalika mpaka 12 cm.
- Terry - amatulutsa maluwa okongola awiriawiri, mabulangeti akunja amakhala ndi pinki, ndipo mkati mwake muli miyala yoyera ya chipale chofewa;
- Vaterara - maluwa otentha kunja amapakidwa utoto wa carmine, ndipo mkati mwake amasiyana mitundu yoyera;
- Zoyala-zoyera - masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono oyera.
Zochita zake ndi zabwino. Zomera zimakhala kumapiri a Japan. Mtengo wa shrub 50-150 cm uli ndi korona wozungulira wokhala ndi nthambi zoonda komanso zopindika. Masamba owongoka amapakidwa utoto wobiriwira. Kutalika kwawo ndi masentimita 6. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Julayi, chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi maluwa osavuta, omwe amatulutsidwa m'maburashi angapo masentimita 9-15. Maluwa amapitilira kwa mwezi wopitilira.
Zophatikiza. Gulu lazomera limaphatikiza ma hybrids ophatikizika. Zosangalatsa kwambiri:
- Strawberry Glade (Ma Strawberry Fields). Chitsamba chophuka chofika mpaka 1.5 m chimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira. Mu June-Julayi, maluwa akuluakulu ofiira apinki.
- Chochitikacho ndi chopambana. Chomera chofikira mpaka 2,5 m chapamwamba chimakhala ndi mphukira zofowoka zophimbidwa ndi makungwa ofiira kapena amdima. Masamba obiriwira odera obiriwira, maluwa akulu awiri oyera amatulutsa mu Julayi. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu panicle inflorescence mpaka 10 cm.
- Zochita zake ndi zapinki. Kachitsamba kakang'ono kwambiri, kamtunda kotalika mpaka 2,5 kadzakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, omwe amatembenukira chikasu kufiyira. Mu June-Julayi, maluwa otuwa a pinki amatulutsa.
- Pink Pom Pom. Chitsamba chaching'ono koma chofalikira kwambiri chokhala ndi nthambi zoterera pansi nthawi yonse ya chilimwe chimakutidwa ndi maluwa akulu akulu a pinki ndi oyera. Amawoneka ngati mabelu akulu. Pansi pa maluwa pali masamba obiriwira obiriwira opindika kapena mawonekedwe.
Njira zolerera
Deytsiya ofalitsidwa ndi njere ndi zipatso. Mbewu zofesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanakhazikike panja. Chapakatikati, mphukira zoyambirira zimatuluka. Kusamalira iwo kuli chimodzimodzi ndi chomera chachikulire. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuphimba mbande mosamala ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu ndi nthambi za spruce, chifukwa zimakonda chisanu kwambiri. Izi limamasula patatha zaka zitatu mutabzala. Njira yake siyotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera siyipanga mbewu yabwino.
Nthawi zambiri, chochita chimafalitsidwa ndi kudula. Zodulidwa zobiriwira 20-25 masentimita kutalika kumadulidwa kumayambiriro kwa June. Mukangodula, masamba am'munsi amachotsedwa ndipo mphukira zimasungidwa mu yankho la Kornevin. Kubzala kumachitika mumipanda yamchenga ndi peat nthaka yosakanikirana ndi humus. Imasungunuka ndikumizidwa ndi nthambi patali ya 5-10 mm. Landings imakutidwa ndi chipewa chowonekera ndikuyika kunja. Pomwe mizu imachitika, malo ogumulira amachotsedwa, koma nyengo yachisanu mbewu zimabweretsedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kuti iziteteza ku chisanu. Lotsatira masika amalingalira kuti asamukira kunthaka.
Mukafalitsa ndi masamba obzala, nthambi za 15-20 masentimita zimadulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. M'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa panthaka ndipo yokutidwa ndi filimu. Mizu ikayamba kuphuka ndipo masamba ayamba kuphuka, pobisalira amachotsedwa.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodzikonzera. Kutumizira pansi mphukira pansi, iwo amawaza ndi dothi. Kuti mizu ipange mwachangu, mutha kuthira zingwe zingapo ku khungwa. Kasupe wotsatira, wodula mizu amadulidwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi ndikuwachotsa kumalo okhazikika.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Potseguka, machitidwewo amabzalidwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Kwa iye, malo owala bwino amasankhidwa popanda mafunde amphepo. Mabasi akuwopa kukonzekera. Ndibwino ngati mthunzi ugwera pachitsamba masana. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopatsa thanzi komanso yopanda madzi, koma osati youma kwambiri. Asanabzala, nthaka imakumbidwa ndikuyambitsa peat, kompositi ndi humus. Dothi lolemera kwambiri limawonjezera mchenga. Acidity ayenera kukhala osalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono; lime la hydrate limawonjezeredwa ku dothi acidic.
Bowo labzala kukumba molingana ndi nthambizo ya mmera. Kuzama kwake kuli pafupifupi 50 cm. Mwala ndi mchenga wosweka umathiridwa pansi. Fesani mizu ndikudzaza malo opanda kanthu ndi dothi losakaniza. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamwamba. Pobzala m'magulu, mtunda pakati pa mbewu uzikhala wa 2,5 mamita. Omwe akhalebe mpaka nyumba ili yonse. Mutabzala, dziko lapansi limasungunuka ndikuthirira. Ndikofunika nthawi yomweyo mulch pamwamba ndi peat.
Kuthirira. Zomera zazing'ono zimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse. Akamakula, kulolerana chilala kumawonjezeka. Ngati kulibe mvula, chidebe chamadzi chimathiridwa sabata iliyonse pansi pa chitsamba. Pambuyo kuthirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timasule dothi. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, kuthilira kumachepetsedwa, kukonzekeretsa mbewu nyengo yachisanu.
Feteleza. Chapakatikati pa chitsamba chilichonse pangani yankho la kompositi, phulusa ndi zowola. Nthawi yamaluwa, feteleza umachulukitsidwa ndimakanidwe amaminidwe awiriwo. Feteleza sikufunika pambuyo pake.
Kudulira. Kupatsa chitsamba mawonekedwe, kudulira kumachitika. Zomera zimalekerera bwino njirayi. Chapakatikati, nthambi zouma ndi zowuma zimachotsedwa. Chotsani mpaka 25% yazomera. Maluwa atatha, mutha kuchotsa mphukira zazing'ono ndi nthambi zakale kuti zichepetse. Mukugwa, kuumba kumachitika pothana ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Mukachotsa nthambi za chaka chatha, mutha kutaya maluwa chaka chamawa.
Kukonzanso. Tchigo zowonda zaka zilizonse pazaka 5-8 zimatha kusinthidwanso. Kuti muchite izi, dulani mbali zonse za nthaka kugwa, kusiya zokhazo zochepa. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mphukira zazing'ono zidzawoneka, chitukuko chomwe chimafunikiranso kuwongoleredwa. Maluwa atatha kukonzanso amapezeka zaka 2-3.
Zisanu. Deytsiya amakonda nyengo yotentha ndipo amatha kupirira chisanu chochepa kwambiri. Kutentha kukatsika mpaka -20 ° C, mphukira yonseyo imatha kuwundana. Tchire lotsika limayesa kulimba pansi, kuphimba ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, nthambi za spruce ndi masamba owuma. Akatalikirana mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Momwe chipale chofewa chimagwera, chimaponyedwa pamwamba pa chitsamba. Chophimba choterocho chimateteza bwino kwambiri ku chisanu. Nthambi zachikale ndizosavuta kuthyola, chifukwa zimamangidwa molunjika ndikuzunguliridwa. Kuyambira pamwambapa, chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi lutrasil. M'mwezi wa Epulo, madzi oundana atagwa, malo ogona amatha kuchotsedwa ndipo matalala amawonjezeranso pamtengo kuti tchire lisawonongeke madzi osefukira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Deytsia amalimbana ndi matenda azomera. Mwa majeremusi, mbozi ndi mbozi zowala zobiriwira zimawukira. Amadyetsa masamba abwino a mbewu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Karbofos, Decis, Lepidotsid-BTU) amathandiza kuthana ndi majeremusi.
Zochita m'munda
Mitengo yokongola yotchinga, yophimbidwa kwambiri ndi maluwa oyera-pinki, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda imodzi kapena m'magulu - mu mawonekedwe a hedge. Mitundu yazovala ndi yoyenera kwa mitundu yosakanikirana ndi zotsetsereka. Tchire tambiri, tambiri timabzala pafupi ndi gazebos kapena pafupi ndi nyumba monga chomera chokhacho chosangalatsa. Deytsiya amayenda bwino ndi zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse komanso ma conifers (rhododendron, terry kerriya).
