Kumwaza mitengo ya zipatso kumapeto kwa masika isanayambe kapena itatha maluwa

Kusamalira bwino dimba ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mitengo ya zipatso mu nthawi ya masika ku tizirombo ndi matenda kudzathandiza anthu okhala mchilimwe kututa zipatso ndi zipatso zambiri.

Chithandizo cham'munda cham'mawa

Ndi kubwera kwa nyengo ya masika komanso kudzutsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ntchito ya tizirombo ta mitengo imayendetsedwa: amadya masamba apamwamba ndi masamba achichepere.

Kukhazikitsa nthawi yotsimikizika ndi chitsimikizo cha kukolola kwakukulu

Ziphuphu ndi nsikidzi zimayamwa timadziti tambiri, kupweteketsa anthu. Wokhumudwitsayo ndifupifupi kukolola, kufa kwa mitengo yazipatso ndikotheka.

Njira m'munda wamalimwe, kuchita izi:

• kuyera kwa ma boles;
• kukumba mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira - malo azilombo zoyipa;
• kuthira zitsamba ndi mitengo.

Chithandizo choyambirira chimayamikiridwa chifukwa chosowa thumba losunga mazira ndi zipatso, pomwe poizoni amatha kudziunjikira.

Chowonadi chambiri cha zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka kuti athe kulimbikitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma alimi ambiri amakonda kugulitsa njira za wowerengeka.

Njira zofunika kasupe m'mundamo

Ndikofunika kuti oyambitsa m'munda azilankhula zokha akamapaka mitengo mu nthawi yophukira kuti agawe nthawi yobzala mosamala nthawi zingapo. Nthawi yeniyeni yopopera mitengo ya zipatso munthawi ya masika imasiyanitsidwa:

1. Mpaka pakati pa Marichi. Wamaluwa ali ndi nkhawa zothana ndi majeremusi omwe atentha m'mbali mwake, masamba opotoka ndi masamba zinyalala mpaka masamba atadzuka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo mosakonzekera kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zokolola.
2. Epulo - 1 ndi zaka makumi awiri. Pakadali pano, masamba akupanga mwachangu. Sizimapweteka kuwaza mitengo yomwe imakulitsa kuti ipititse patsogolo chitukuko ndi kuti thumba losunga mazira lisaphulike. Mu Epulo, mbewu zimatha kutenga kachilombo ka fungus. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsimikiziridwa kumathetsa vutoli.
3. Mpaka Meyi 15th. Kusungunuka kwa masamba, maluwa ndi mitengo, kutulutsa timimba. Nthawi yovuta yolima zipatso, chifukwa kutetezedwa kwakukulu ndi matenda. Anthu okhala pachilimwe aziona masamba ndi nthambi zake.
   

   Khalendala yam'munda wam'mawa

   Kupezeka kwa mawanga kapena kusintha kwa mtundu kudzafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa zifukwa ndi kutetezedwa mwachangu kwa nkhokwe.

Kuyatsidwa kwa bakiteriya kwa mitengo yazipatso, kuwongolera

Ngati nthambi zing'onozing'ono ziuma pazomera, pamatuluka mkaka woyera, womwe umasandulika bulauni, zipatso zimayamwa, ndiye matenda. Ngati bakiteriya yatentha mitengo yazipatso, njira zoyendetsera ndi kupambana zimatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo lomwe matenda a phytoball apezeka ndikuchiritsidwa. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (kuchokera pamtundu wosavuta mpaka wamtsogolo) amadalira kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka:

1. Kuzindikira kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira kumayendera limodzi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi ndikuwotchedwa kwawo. Amakonza malo odulira ndi mkuwa wamkuwa pazokwana 100 g ya ndalama pa malita 10 a madzi kapena 0,7% ndi sulfate yachitsulo, akumagwiritsa ntchito 70 g pa ndowa ya lita 10 yamadzi.
2. Azofos (5% yankho) ndi othandiza, maantibayotiki: 50 μg / ml iliyonse - Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol; 20 μg / ml - nalidixic acid, Kanamycin. Dilizani mapiritsi okwanira / mapiritsi 1-2 mu madzi asanu. Mlingo ndi wokwanira 8-10 achinyamata mbande. Nthawi yabwino kukonza mitengoyo ndi Meyi-Juni.
3. Ngati matendawa amawonekera munthawi yophukira, mundawo umachiriridwa katatu ndi Tetracycline ndi Streptomycin (kwa malita 10 amadzimadzi 1000) ndikudalirana kwa masiku 4-5.
4. Pukutani bwino mtengowo ndi madzi a Bordeaux (1%). Vitriol owonjezera ndiomwe amachititsa kuti masamba awotche. Chiwerengero cha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi nthawi 7-8 ndi othandizira okhala ndi mkuwa (0.5-0.7%). Chomwe chikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi Abiga Peak. Njira 5 zochiritsira zimachitika ndi njira yotsimikizika: 0,3-0.4% - ya mitengo ya maapulo, ya mapeyala - 0,4-0.6%. Kumwaza mtengowu ndi kofunika pa chiyambi komanso nthawi yamaluwa ndi kumapeto.

Kukonzekera kwa Bordeaux kusakaniza kupopera

5. Ndi chotupa chachikulu, anthu amachotsa ndipo amawotcha. Mofananamo akuyembekezera kubzala m'mphepete mwa mita 5, ngakhale akuoneka bwino. Bwaloli lili mmalo mwake kuti zithetse matendawa komanso kuti lisafalikire mdziko muno. Zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuyeretsedwa ndi formalin kapena carbolic.

Kuletsa mabakiteriya ndikosavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiza. Onani njira zopewera:

• kulimbana ndi zomwe zingatenge matendawa: mitengo yakuthengo ndi mitengo yazipatso, ndikuzula pafupi ndi dimba;
• kupopera mwachilengedwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'mundamo kuti aphe tizirombo ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo chakuwonetsa ma virus kuchokera kunja;
• Nthawi zambiri muziyang'ana pamwamba pamtengo, masamba, nthambi ndi masamba - kuzindikira matendawa kumathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi nkhanambo

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa khungu pamitengo yazipatso:

• kuwala kobiriwira kumayambira masamba achichepere omwe amakhala ochepa m'dzinja ndi mumdima popanda chithandizo;
• zipatso zosapsa pamtengo;
• tsamba limagwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti;
• kutupa kwa mitengo, kusweka ndi kukhazikika;
• kutha kwa kukula ndi matenda mphukira ndi imfa.

Matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi gawo lonse la mtengowo.

Scab pa apulo ndi peyala

Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, koyenera kumayambiriro kapena pakatikati pa nyengo yamasika, kutupira kwa masamba, ngati pali kutentha komanso kutentha, kumatsutsana ndi matenda a phyto. Kachiwiri kupopera mbewu gawo la budding. Kenako amadzachikonza pamene mtengowo umafota kapena mbewu zikamakololedwa. Mkhalidwe wamtengowo ndiomwe umatsimikizira njirayi.

Kukulimbana bwino ndi nkhanambo motere:

1. Bordeaux osakaniza. Finyani mtengowo ndi masamba ndi gawo la "green cone". Ngati ndi kotheka, reb rev pambuyo maluwa. Chitani zachiwonetsero cha 1-3 pakadutsa nyengo. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino motsutsana ndi moniliosis ndikuwoneka pamera pome.
2. Baktofit. Nthawi yakula, mankhwala othandizira amtengowo amachitidwa.
3. Abiga Peak. Mitsuko 4 imachitika ndi njira yothetsera fungosis (0.4%) ya nthawi yachilimwe.
4. Agate-25k. Zachilengedwe sizivulaza anthu, tizilombo ndi nyama zopindulitsa.

Njira zina zimagwira ntchito poyambira matenda. Kuthirira kothandiza ndi ufa wa mpiru. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa pa 10 L yamadzi ofunda, pomwe mpiru womwe umaphatikizidwa pang'ono.

Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate polimbana ndi nkhanambo. Nthawi zambiri, mutatha kukonza, mawanga ang'onoang'ono amakhalabe pamasamba, omwe sangawononge mtengowo ndikuzimiririka.

Pakupopera, njira yothira mchere ndi kulowetsedwa kwazitsamba kumagwiritsa ntchito.

Maluwa ndi kupopera mbewu mitengo

Pamaso maluwa, mitengo amathandizidwa ndi njenjete, nkhanambo, mawanga. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito 70 g ya Karbofos, yomwe imawonjezeredwa ndi 10 malita a madzi ofunda. Kodi ndizotheka kupopera mitengo nthawi yamaluwa? Maluwa akutulutsa maluwa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo sikumaletsedwa. Kubzala chisamaliro kumachepetsedwa ndikuwonongeka kwa namsongole ndikulima.

Boric acid wachomera wathanzi

Kusiyana kwake ndi boric acid, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zitsamba ndi mitengo yazipatso pa 15 g ya mankhwalawa pa malita 10 a madzi.

Momwe mungapopera mitengo mutatha maluwa

Wamaluwa ali ndi chidwi ndi njira yokufafaniza mitengo mutayamba maluwa. Mafuta atagwa ndipo dzira limapangidwa, mabowo amadzalidwa kuti apewe matenda a phyto.

Musaiwale za kuwonongeka kwa nkhupakupa womwe udasamba. Zochita za tizilombo zimawonetsedwa kumapeto kwa maluwa. Amalimbana ndi majeremusi osakaniza ndi:

• salfa ya colloidal (70%) - 80 g;
• sopo wa phula - 100 g;
• madzi - 10 l.

Kumwaza kumachitika pouma. Ngati ndi kotheka bwerezaninso. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kusala nthawi. Mchere wa potaziyamu ndi urea - ndizomwe zimathandiza kuthira mitengo mutamasintha maluwa.

Urea mu kasupe chithandizo

Urea ndi feteleza waponseponse yemwe amadyetsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, amathandiza pankhondo ndi tizirombo ta m'mundamo. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa mitengo ndi zitsamba mu April ndi njira yodalirika komanso yotetezeka.

Korona amapopera pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya ndi +5 ° C. Zipatsozo zisanatseguke, tizilombo zobisika sizigwira ntchito ndipo zimatha kukonzedwa.

Mitengo yazipatso imapopanitsidwa ndi yankho lomwe lakonzedwa kuchokera ku 600 g wa urea pa malita 10 a madzi otentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa - kwa mamilimita 10 m'munda mudzafunika malita 2,5 a urea osungunuka.

Zomera zimadziwika ndi kupopera mbewu zamitengo zomwe zidadwala kapena zinagwidwa ndi majeremusi chaka chatha.Urea iteteza ku:

• nkhanambo;
• moto woyipa;
• didimelle.

Njira yothetsera urea imalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya, omwe amalephera kubereka. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kusanachitike kufalikira kumayamikiridwa.

Urea, kapena urea

Kuteteza mitengo ku matendawa, pamafunika kuchepetsa 0,5 makilogalamu a granules mu 10 l amadzimadzi. Kuyimitsako ndi koyenera kupopera masamba opal nthawi yozizira isanachitike, kuti mitengoyo ikhale ndi mitengo ndi mizu yake kuchokera ku chisanu.

Vitriol buluu ndi mitengo yopopera

Copper sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito polima munda nthawi iliyonse yamasamba a mitengo yazipatso. Pangoyambira maluwa, kukonza mitengo sikuletsedwa.

Zolemba zotsatirazi zamkuwa.

1. Kutulutsa. Gawo la mkuwa wamkuwa mu yankho ndi 3-5%. Kuti akonze mafuta opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, 300-500 g wa potaziyamu sulfate ufa timadzipereka mu 10 l madzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta dothi pamabedi osatetezeka kapena m'malo obiriwira, kuti muchotse nkhungu pamatabwa. Njira yothetsera kutentha siigwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzera mbewu.
2. Mankhwalawa ndi prophylactic amapezeka ali ndi mkuwa wa sulfate (0.5-1%). Osakaniza amakonzedwa kuchokera ku 10 l yamadzi, momwe 50-100 g yakukonzekera mkuwa imasakanizidwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imaletsa matenda a fungus: anthracnose, mawanga, cococycosis, nkhanambo, septoria, curly, zowola. Sopate yamkuwa imathandizira mabala pamizere ndi mitengo yake.
   

   Vitriol buluu m'munda
3. Kusakaniza ndi prophylactic kumaphatikizapo mkuwa wa sulfate mu voliyumu ya 0-0-0.3%. Kuti mupange kuyimitsidwa, muyenera 20-30 g ya ufa mu ndowa 10-lita. Kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake ndikoyenera ngati zizindikiro za mitengo ya mkuwa zikuwonekera: chlorosis ya masamba, kupindika kwa malangizo, kupendekera mwamphamvu. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothandizira kupopera mbewu kumunda nthawi ya chilimwe.

Kodi Mungalimbane Bwanji Ndi Tizilombo M'munda?

Spider mite

Mitengo ya akangaude ikukhala pansi pa tsamba, ndikuyamwa kuyamwa. Necrosis imapangidwa kumtunda kwa tsamba lamapepala m'malo ovuta - madera a maselo akufa achikasu, oyera komanso oyera. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timafanana ndi pepala kumbali yolakwika ya tsamba.

Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala. Pochiza ndi acaricides, munthu sangathe kuchita popanda chopopera mankhwala ndi kupumira, zovala zoteteza ndi magolovesi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kuledzera. Gwiritsani ntchito zitsamba zovomerezeka ndi Rosselkhoznadzor:

• Dzuwa ndi Apollo;
• Flumayt ndi Nisoran;
• Oberon ndi Floromight.

Njira zopewera kupopera mitengo ndi ma acaricides

Mwa alimi, maphikidwe a mankhwala azitsamba, ma infusions opopera mitengo ya kachilombo ka akangaude ndi otchuka:

1. Dandelion. Konzekerani kuchokera ku 0,5 makilogalamu a zitsamba zosankhidwa, zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ndi 10 L yamadzi ndikuwumiriza kwa maola 4.
2. Calendula 400 g yaiwisi akuphatikizidwa ndi 4 l amadzimadzi, omwe amadzazidwa masiku 5.
3. Datura. Pa msuzi mufunika 1 makilogalamu a udzu wouma (mutha kuutsitsa ndi 3 makilogalamu atsopano), womwe umathiridwa ndi malita 10 a madzi otentha. Imani maola 24
4. Celandine. Pini la udzu wouma umathiridwa ndi madzi otentha, kunena pang'ono.
5. Garlic, anyezi. Idzatenga 200 g ya mankhusu pachidebe chilichonse chamadzimadzi, chomwe chimaloledwa kupatsira tsiku limodzi.
6. Yarrow. 500 g zouma zosaphika zopangira 10 l zamadzi.

Kuti mugonjetse kachilomboka

Ngati kachilomboka kachilonda m'mapere kapena mitengo ya maapulo, izi zimasainidwa:

• kutseguka kapena chowzungulira pamtunda - kuthawa;
• milu ya ufa wa bulauni kapena yoyera pafupi ndi mayendedwe;

Ikani mankhwala ophera tizilomboti kuchokera ku kachilomboka kamene kamalowa kwambiri mu tinthu tamatumba pambuyo pa maluwa:

• Confidor Extras;
• Arrivo
• Bitoxibacillin;
• Pirinex.

Ndi kulowa kwa kachilomboka kakang'ono mkati mwa thunthu, kulumikizidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imaphatikizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa syringe yamafuta mumabowo amlengalenga:

• Tanrek;
• Ma Confidor Maxi;
• Kalipso.

Kubayira yankho kumayendera limodzi ndi kuuma kwa mabowo ndi varnishi ya m'munda.

Njira yowonjezera

Popewa kuwukira kwa kafadala pamunda, njira zodzitetezera zimawonedwa:

• nthawi yakuyeretsa ndi kapangidwe koyenera korona wa mitengo ya zipatso;
• kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zokonzedwa;
• kuchitira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo patatha maluwa ndi mapeyala;
• kudula ndi kuwotcha mitengo;
• kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka kuthirira ndi kukonzanso mitengo yazipatso;
• kupukutira kwa nthambi za chigoba ndi mitengo ikuluikulu;
• kusunga zozungulira zoyera.

Lamba losaka la DIY la mitengo

Lamba losaka la DIY la mitengo amatanthauza zinthu zothandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo zomwe zimayamba kutsikira kenako kukwera mumtengo kukafunafuna chakudya:

• zovala zoyera ndi maluwa;
• zoluka ndi nkhupakupa;
• nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mbozi;
• bukarki ndi tsekwe.

Pali mitundu ya malamba osaka:

• youma
• poizoni;
• zomata.

Malamba owuma osaka

Chitsanzochi ndi chosavuta kupanga m'njira zingapo. Chida chosavuta kwambiri ndi tepi ya funnel. Kapangidwe kake kakufanana ndi kafiri komwe kali ndi mphamvu yobwererera. Tizirombo tomwe timakwawa mdzenje sisiterera pamenepo. Zopangidwe tokha zimapangidwa motere:

1. Tengani pepala kapena makatoni, omwe makulidwe ake ndi 15-20 cm, wokutani kuzungulira thunthu la mtengo kutalika kwa 0.5 m.Ikutulutsa sketi kapena chokozera chokhala ngati chitsononero chokhala ndi dzenje pansi. Khosi lolowera tizilombo ndilotakata, malekezero ndi opapatiza.
2. Pamwamba pa sketiyo amamangidwa ndi twine kapena wokutidwa ndi dongo / pulasitiki.

Lamba wowuma wosaka

Msampha wa poizoni

Kuthamanga kwa lamba wofufuza wa poyizoni wa mitengo kumagwera pansi pa thunthu. Mankhwala sangathe kulowa mizu ndikulowa korona. Lamba limapatsa mphamvu 100%: tizirombo tomwe timalowa mkati, timafa chifukwa cha mafungo owopsa. Zothandiza kwa mitengo ya maapulo - imatchinga njira ya mbozi kupita ku zipatso. Tekinoloje Yopanga:

• tenga pepala, pepala lozungulira, burlap, spunbond ndi m'lifupi mwake 20-25 cm;
• lembani zinthuzo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuliphatikiza ndi thunthu pamtengo kutalika kwa 0.5 m kuchokera pansi kuti mutenge siketi;
• kuti mupewe nyengo yapoizoni, pamwamba pa lamba mumakhala wokutidwa ndi filimu.

Lamba wokasaka

Lamba limagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi misampha ina, koma nthawi zina limayikidwa mosiyana. Amapirira bwino nyerere, nsikidzi, mbozi. Kwa misampha ya Velcro muyenera:

Msampha wolimba

• Pepala lodzaza mtengo wokutira mtengo kuzungulira (mulifupi - 20-25 cm);
• guluu wosayanika, phula / phula, pomwe mbali ya lamba imakodwa;
• kukonza msampha ndi zomatira mbali ndi gloss pa ndime zotheka pansipa ndi pamwamba pa zomatira zomatira.

Kumwaza m'mundawo kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kungathandize kuti okhala pachilimwe azitha kututa zipatso ndi zipatso zambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti musasemphane ndi kukonza nthawi ndikugwiritsa ntchito herbicides oyenera, mankhwala azachilengedwe kapena mankhwala azitsamba.