Ma hyacinths: maluwa, chomera, chisamaliro chakunyumba

Duwa la hyacinth limachita chidwi ndi mawonekedwe ake achilendo a inflorescence, chisokonezo chamitundu komanso fungo labwino. A Dutch, omwe adayamba kulima duwa kalelo m'zaka za m'ma 1800, ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano, adayitcha mayina a okonda awo, ndikugogomeza mayina amitundu yatsopanoyo. Sanatchule dzina la mnzake, wojambula wamkulu, woimira m'badwo wachikondwerero cha Sukulu ya utoto yaku Dutch - Rembrandt Harmenszoon Van Dyck, ndikupatsa dzinali ku "buluu" wamtundu wokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira a maluwa obiriwira okhala ndi malire oyera.

Mbiri ya Hyacinth: Nthano ndi Zabodza

"Hyacinth" m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "duwa lamvula", pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ake.

Kukongola kwamtundu wamtundu wamaluwa

Mouziridwa ndi nthano, ophimbidwa pang'ono ndi zinsinsi za mawonekedwe awo, ma hyacinths amatengedwa ngati maluwa achikondi, kukhulupirika, chisangalalo ndi ... zachisoni. Ku Greece, amatchedwa duwa lokumbukira za Hyacinth, m'modzi mwa milungu yakale wa Sparta, mnyamata wokongola yemwe adamwalira pamipikisano ndi Apollo. Apollo, yemwe adaponya chimbalecho, mwangozi adawagwera pamutu pa Hyacinth. Magazi owazidwa pansi pansi owaza udzu wobiriwira, ndipo patapita kanthawi maluwa ofiira a lilac okhala ndi fungo labwino adamera pamalopo. Apollo wokhumudwitsayo adatumiza duwa'lo m'dzina la mnzake wakufayo. Kwazaka zoposa chikwi, nthano iyi idatanthauziridwa kutchuka kwambiri ngati mawonekedwe a hyacinth.

Pambuyo pake, nthano ina idawonekanso: Nkhondo ya Trojan itamenyedwa, Ajax ndi Odysseus adalengeza ufulu wawo pazida za Achilles atamwalira. Bungwe la Akuluakulu likugwirizana ndi Odysseus, kusaweruzika kumeneku kunakhudza Ajax, ndipo adadzipyoza ndi lupanga. Hyacinth anakula kuchokera kumadontho a magazi ake, mawonekedwe a matuwa otumphuka amafanana ndi zilembo zoyambirira za dzina lake α (alpha) ndi Υ (ipsilon).

Kufotokozera kwamabampu a mbewu

Kodi hyacinth ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi chomera cha herbaceous chophatikiza chamtali chomwe chili ndi 20-30 cm.

Kodi hyacinth amawoneka bwanji? Masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino ndi oyambira, yopapatiza, yopingasa, mwa mawonekedwe a m'matumbo, mpaka 20 cm kutalika mpaka 1.5 cm. Pa chomera chimodzi, pali zidutswa 4-8. Amagawidwa moyenera kuzungulira gawo la bulb. Phula lomwe limayenda ndi kupitilizabe pansi, ili ndiye gawo lakufupika la tsinde. Pambuyo maluwa, gawo lonse la mlengalenga limatuluka, mphukira imapangika mkati mwa babu, yomwe imakula, imasanduka bulb yaying'ono, ndipo imaphuka chaka chamawa. M'makona a masamba, mawonekedwe a makanda, amatha kupatukana, koma amaphuka pakatha zaka zochepa. Maluwa amayikidwa pamwamba pa tsinde, ndikupanga burashi. Perianth wooneka bwino kwambiri ndi chitsulo chooneka ngati belu chokhala ndi miyala yokuthwa.

Chipatso chomwe chimapangika maluwa pambuyo pake chimakhala ndi bokosi lachikopa lomwe lili ndi magawo atatu, lililonse limakhala ndi njere ziwiri.

Kukongola kwachilengedwe

Mwachilengedwe, ma hyacinths amtchire amapezeka ku Western Europe, maiko aku Mediterranean. Mitundu ina imamera m'matanthwe a Iran ndi Turkmenistan, ena amakhala m'mapiri a mayiko awa, omwe amasiyanitsa pakati pamtunda wamtchire ndi nkhalango.

Duwa laling'ono la Muscari limatinso iwo, amatchedwanso mbewa za mbewa. Mtengowu umapezeka ku Caucasus, ku Crimea, ku Asia Minor komanso kumwera kwa Europe.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya hyacinths

Chomera cha Hyacinth cha banja la Asparagus. Zinali kuti panali mitundu 30 ndi mitundu yoposa 500. Tsopano, malinga ndi gulu latsopanoli, mitundu itatu yokha ndi yomwe imasiyanitsidwa:

• Kum'mawa, kofala kwambiri, pamaziko omwe kupangidwa mitunduyi imapangidwa. Habitat - gawo la Greece ndi zilumba za Balkan.
• Litvinova - imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kwake, imamera m'mphepete mwa Iran ndi Turkmenistan.
• Trans-Caspian - ali ndi kutalika kwakukulu ndi ma 2 peduncle, phale limakhala lopanda mathunzi amtambo komanso amtambo. Komwe mbewuyo imabadwira ndi mapiri a Kopetdag, gawo lamapiri a Turkmen-Khorasan.

Mitundu itatuyi ndiyofunikira pakupanga mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu.

Kwenikweni, mbewu zamtunduwu zimakulidwa chaka chilichonse.

Kummawa

Mtunduwu ndi wa perennials, umakula mpaka 30 cm. Pamaso masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino obiriwira pang'ono amakutidwa ndi ma grooves. Phula limakhala loumbika, cylindrical, kuchuluka kwa maluwa kumafika 35. Maluwa onunkhira amawonekera pakati pa Epulo ndipo amatulutsa kwa mwezi umodzi. Terry ndi mitundu yosavuta imakhalapo, mawonekedwe ake ndi belu, mawonekedwe ojambulidwa ndi belu. Pali mitundu ya maluwa achikasu, apinki, abuluu, maluwa ofiirira. Maluwa amapitilira milungu iwiri, m'malo mwa maluwa, zipatso zamabokosi zimapangidwa.

Mitunduyo imakondwera ndi chikondi chapadera cha alimi a maluwa chifukwa cha katundu wake wapadera - kukakamiza kuthekera, akakwanitsa kukula mwachangu komanso maluwa ambiri a chomera nthawi zakunja.

Mitundu yakum'mawa inathandizira kutuluka kwa mitundu yoposa chikwi, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukuchulukirabe chaka ndi chaka, uyu ndiye yekhayo wobweretsa mitundu yomwe ilipo.

Hyacinth Jan bos

Primrose wokongola wokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira amtundu wakuda wa rasipiberi, onunkhira bwino ndi fungo labwino, nthano ya Jan bos, imamasula mu Marichi kapena Meyi, kutengera nyengo ya kuderalo. Masamba ali ndi lamba, owoneka bwino, wobiriwira wonyezimira. The inflorescence ndi wandiweyani, wokhala ndi maluwa 18-26. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi milungu iwiri.

Amakonzekereratu kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena malo okhala pang'ono pang'ono popanda mphepo komanso kukonzekera. Yoyenerera kupatsa mphamvu, kudula ndi kubzala poyera. Hyacinth Yan Bos imafunikira kukumba kwa mababu pachaka.

Chinyama cha Hyacinth

Choberekedwa ku Netherlands mchaka cha 1992, malo opangidwa ndi mitengo ya Woodwood hyacinth (gulu lotchedwa Woodwood hyacinth) ndi m'gulu la maluwa otchedwa hyacinths. Limamasula mu Marichi ndi Epulo. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake wofiirira wofiirira wokhala ndi mtundu wa ruby ​​komanso wonunkhira kwambiri. Maluwa mu mawonekedwe a mabelu ang'onoang'ono amaphimba peduncle. Maluwa ndi ochulukirapo, amakhala milungu itatu. Mababu ndi akulu, mizu yake imaphukira mosavuta.

Hyacinth Gipsy Mfumukazi

Mtundu wa apricot wosowa komanso wokongola kwambiri wa mfumukazi ya hyacinth Gipsy (Mfumukazi ya Gypsy) sungasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi. Maluwa ake olimba amatha kukhala ndi fungo labwino lonunkhira bwino. Maluwa amatenga mpaka masiku 20. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa distillation nthawi yozizira ndi nthawi ya masika, yodzalidwa mumiphika ndi maluwa. Mtengowo umatha kujambulidwa bwino, umakula bwino panthaka yachonde.

Wachilengedwe, kapena nkhalango

Ma hyacinth kuthengo ali ndi mayina ambiri:

• Spelling Spanish.
• Zachika.
• Scylla ndi Spanish.
• Ma hyacinthoides.

Zochepa zimadziwika ku Russia, ku Europe ndi maluwa otchuka kwambiri. Ndi yam'mera osatha zipatso zochulukitsa. Masamba ndi gloss, yosalala, yotalikilapo, yosungidwa mu rosette yoyambira. Peduncle wamtali, amakula mochedwa kuposa masamba. Mizu yama inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ngati belu la zidutswa 4-20. Mitundu yawo ndi yosiyanasiyana ndipo imaphatikizapo mitundu:

• Choyera
• Pinki
• Buluu
• Violet.

Nthawi yake yamaluwa imagwirizana ndi maluwa apano, kutalika kwake kumakhala milungu iwiri kapena itatu, koma inflorescence sikhala wandiweyani ngati pano, ndipo amafanana ndi maluwa a m'chigwacho, chomwe chinali chifukwa chowoneka dzina lina - maluwa okongola a m'chigwacho. Fungo silimapezeka, koma mitundu ina imakhala ndi fungo labwino. Pambuyo pa maluwa, patatha mwezi umodzi, gawo lakumwambalo limatembenuka chikasu ndikufa, zomwe zimapezeka m'mabu onse.

Hyacinth Blue jekete

Chimodzi mwazomera zatsopano (Marichi-Epulo) mitundu yatsopano - jekete lamtambo wa Blue (jekete la Blue), imakhala yowoneka yayitali kwambiri. Maluwa amajekete ndi a lilac-abuluu, owala m'mphepete mwa kamvekedwe, ofanana ndi mikwingwirima. Pali mpaka 40 zidutswa mu inflorescence. Fungo lake ndi losangalatsa, koma lamphamvu mokwanira. Maluwa amatenga masiku 15. Zomera ndizithunzi, nyengo yake yachisanu ndiyotsika.

Kusintha kwenikweni kwa jekete lakale la Blue

Mzinda wa harlem hyacinth

Mzinda wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino wa Haarlem hyacinth ndi amitundu yamitundu yayitali. Imakhala imodzi mwa malo oyamba pakati pazomera zoyenera kuphukira komanso kubzala m'maluwa amaluwa mchaka. Limamasula mu Marichi-Epulo kwa pafupifupi masiku 20, ndikupanga inflorescence yachikasu yowala kwambiri. Kukula ngati duwa lam'nyumba komanso chomera cham'munda. Amakonzekereratu malo okhala ndi dzuwa kapena pang'ono.

Hyacinth Yellowstone

Yellowstone ndi mitundu yokongoletsera mochedwa, woimira gulu lalikulu. Mtundu wa hyaginth inflorescence wa Yellowstone uli ndi maluwa 30-40 amtundu wakuda wowala wachikaso wonunkhira wamphamvu. Limamasula mu Meyi mpaka masiku 20. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwirizana ndi nyengo zoyipa, zoyenera kuphukira koyambirira komanso kupanga maluwa.

Dzuwa Mwatsopano Yellowstone

Hyacinth Carnegie

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazosowa mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yosalala ya mtundu woyera, ngati pepala. Carnegie hyacinth imakhala ndi inflorescence yokhazikika mpaka 20cm kutalika ndi maluwa mpaka 30. Maluwa okhala ndi nyenyezi okhala ndi ma perianth lobes ambiri. Carnegie ndi wonyozeka, amakula bwino m'malo otentha komanso owoneka pang'ono, ndipo amakula ngati mtengo womera. Kugwiritsa ntchito distillation, kubzala m'maluwa maluwa, zabwino kudula.

Chiyeretso choyera ngati chipale cha Carnegie inflorescence

Hyacinth Anna Lisa

Ma hyacinth a Anna Lisa inflorescence ndi akulu, osakhwima, a pelescent, amtundu wa pinki-lilac wokhala ndi mzere wakuda mkati mwa petal. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kukula ngati msewu, potseguka, komanso ngati chomera chamnyumba. Imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri pakupereka zipatso. Poyera amaponya inflorescence kumapeto kwa Epulo ndipo limamasula masiku 8-10.

Pearl ya Hyacinth Pinki

Masamba a matte aatali amasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba owala. Zovala zowoneka bwino za pinki zowala bwino ndi maluwa okongola ngati nyenyezi, omwe mapera ake ndi opendekeka bwino ndipo ali ndi utoto wosiyana: pakati - wowala, wowonda m'mphepete. Umayamba kutulutsa mu Marichi-Epulo, maluwa amatenga mpaka milungu itatu.

Zosiyanasiyana ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yakum'mawa. Amabzala m'mundamo, mumphika pawindo kapena pobzala chometera pakhonde.

Hyacinth Vuurbaak

Mawu oti "Vuurbaak" amamasuliridwa kuti "nyali yowunikira". Dzinalo limasiyanitsa mtundu wake wowala. Inflorescence mu mawonekedwe burashi wandiweyani, ozungulira-cylindrical mawonekedwe. Peduncle yokhala ndi belu looneka ngati mabala awiri amitundu yosowa kwambiri: utoto wofiirira pakatikati ndi korali kapena wotuwa pinki pamphepete. Mitundu iyi imasiyanitsidwa osati ndi kukongola kwa duwa, komanso kukhala ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lopitilira.

Hyacinth Splendid chimanga

Zosiyanasiyana ndizodziwika bwino pakati pa olima maluwa ndipo adalandiranso mphotho chifukwa chokongola, mawonekedwe ndi fungo lake. The inflorescence wandiweyani imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, akukoka pang'ono kumtunda. Maluwa ndi ofiira a pinki okhala ndi malo achikuda kwambiri ndi malire owala ozungulira.

Wosakhazikika inflorescence Splendid chimanga

Hyacinth Hollyhock

Mwa mitundu yonse, Hollyhock limamasula pambuyo pake kuposa zonse. Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda, rosette imapangidwa bwino. Ma inflorescence amanenepa a mawonekedwe obowoka-oval amafika masentimita 17. Mbali yodziwika bwino ndi maluwa akuluakulu a utoto wokongola kwambiri wa rasipiberi.

Ziwawa zokongola za inflorescence yofiira ndi rasipiberi ya Hollyhock

Chisamaliro chanyumba kunyumba

Zotsatira zakusankhidwa kwa hyacinth yakum'mawa ndi mitundu yambiri yotchuka, yomwe ikukula ndikuwasamalira ikuchitika molingana ndi malamulo aunifolomu.

Zisamaliro zapanyumba zimafunanso chimodzimodzi ngati zimakula m'munda. Ayenera kupanga chilengedwe pafupi ndi chilengedwe chake kuti chikule, ndikuwasintha mogwirizana ndi nyengo.

Chapakatikati, pamene maluwa ake atuluka, hyacinth imafunikira kuthirira komanso kuvala pamwamba.

Hyacinth momwe mungasamalire chilimwe? Maluwa akupumula, babu opukusidwawo amasungidwa m'malo ozizira mpaka nthawi yophukira.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Chofunikira pakuwasamalira ndikuthirira, ochulukitsa, koma osowa.

Duwa limakonda dera louma komanso lopumira.

Malo ndi Kuwala

Mukugwa, mababu amabzalidwa mumiphika ndikuyika malo amdima. M'nyengo yozizira, pambuyo pobzala mbande, kuyatsa kumapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Zikumera zikafika 2,5 masentimita, zimapangidwanso mumtundu pang'ono.

Poto imayikidwa kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa kwa sill pafupi ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe, kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, komanso kutali ndi zida zamagetsi. Ngati mawindo ayang'anizana ndi kumpoto, mphikawo ungayikidwe pakati pa chipindacho.

Mavuto akukula ma hyacinths

Nthawi zina maonekedwe amasinthidwa:

• Kupukutira masamba, chifukwa ndi kusungidwa kapena madzi kulowa mu malo pamene kuthirira.
• Kubooka kwamasamba kumayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kuwala kosakwanira.
• Mphukira zimagwa pakusintha kowopsa kwa kutentha ndi madzi kukayamba kuphukira.
• Maluwa amayima chifukwa cha kutentha.
• Kubalaza mababu kumachitika chifukwa chakufinya nthawi zonse nthaka.

Nthawi zina, mbewu imakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya wachikasu, sizingatheke kuzisunga.

Tizilombo (ma kangaude ndi ma nematode) timayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito tizirombo.

M'mbuyomu, anthu amakhulupirira zamatsenga za hyacinth. Amakhulupirira kuti kupuma kwa kununkhira kwake kumatsuka malingaliro a munthu, kumawonjezera mphamvu, kumateteza kwa adani, kupangitsa olemba ndakatulo. Ngati izi siziri zoona kwathunthu, aliyense amapanga kukongola kwa inflorescence yowala ndi fungo lawo labwino.

Kanema