Anthurium - chisamaliro chanyumba mutagula

Maluwa a Anthurium a banja la Aroid amatenga zikhalidwe zamitundu 800 zokhala ndi masamba osangalatsa komanso masamba owala, mizu ya airy. Kwawo kwa "chisangalalo chachimuna" - Pakati ndi South America. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Andre (munthu wamkulu wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira wamtali wobiriwira pamiyala yayitali) ndi Scherzer, epiphyte wokhala ndi masamba ofupika mpaka 40 masentimita, nthawi zambiri amakula ngati chomera.

Njira yotsirizayi imakopa chidwi cha mafani okhala ndi masamba amtundu wa chikopa mu kachidutswa kakang'ono, chophimba chofiira chogona cha inflorescence. Ma Anthuriums amawoneka owoneka bwino komanso apachiyambi, ma phytodeigners amagwiritsa ntchito bwino chikhalidwe popanga nyumba zamkati ndi maofesi.

Kodi anthurium amawoneka bwanji

Ntchito zapanyumba mutagula

Kutentha

Zomera zam'malo otentha, kuphatikiza anthurium, chisamaliro chanyumba chimakhala chotentha chokhazikika cha 20-25 ° C, nthawi yozizira ndizotheka kuti izisungidwe m'chipindacho mpaka 16-18 ° C. Zojambula, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kumawononga duwa.

Kuwala

Duwa la Anthurium tikulimbikitsidwa kuti liyikidwe pawindo lalikulu lowala, kupewa dzuwa. Pokonzekera kuyika mphikawo mbali yakumwera, muyenera kubwereranso pansi (30-50 cm) kapena kukonza mchipindacho ndi khungu kapena tulle masanawa. Kupanda kutero, masamba adzakutidwa ndi mawanga achikasu, maluwa adzaphuka pamapazi achidule.

Mawindo akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa ndi malo abwino kwambiri a anthurium omwe akukula. Zipinda zowala za kumpoto ndizoyeneranso. Mukamayendetsa nyumba kuchokera mumsewu ndi mitengo, mbewu zimasowa magetsi. Akuwombera mwachangu, maluwawo amakhala ang'onoang'ono, ochepa maluwa. Anthurium adzafunika kuwunikira kowonjezera ndi fluorescent, zotulutsa mpweya, nyali za LED.

Kuthirira

Asanasamalire anthurium, ayenera kukumbukira: chikhalidwe chakunja sichilola chilala, koma, kufalikira ndi chinyezi, mizu imayamba kuwonongeka. Kuchulukana kudzapangitsanso kuti nkhungu ifalikire. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chofunikira kumatsimikiziridwa potengera kuunika kwa duwa. Ngati mauma akumveka pofufuza nthaka, ndi nthawi yothirira duwa.

Omwe alimi ambiri amawonjezera madzi mu sopo, chifukwa anthurium njirayi ndi yosavomerezeka. Duwa lili ndi mizu ya mpweya m'munsi mwa tsinde yomwe imafunikira chinyezi. Kusankha koyenera kungakhale kuyika sphagnum moss m'munsi mwa duwa. Njira zowonjezerapo zimasungabe chinyezi ndikupatsa chakudya mizu yaying'ono. Kuthirira kosakanikirana kumathandizanso: poto ndi dothi. Chachikulu ndichakuti musathire madzi masamba ndi maluwa. Kunyalanyaza dongosololi kumabweretsa kuwonongeka pakuwonekera kwa duwa. Madontho amadzimadzi, akuuma, amapanga mawonekedwe osasangalatsa.

Kulimitsa Anthurium

Kuwaza

Kutalika kwa kuthirira kwa anthurium kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo yozizira, kamodzi / tsiku ndi lokwanira; nyengo yotentha, kuchuluka kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumawonjezeka ndikuwonetsetsa momwe chomera chilili. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumawachotsa kapena kuwasiya.

Chinyezi

Mu malo achilengedwe a Anthurium, chinyezi cha mpweya ndi 65-85%. Ndikosavuta kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna: maluwa amatayidwa pallet lalikulu ndi dongo kapena miyala yokumbika. Pafupi pomwepo amayika zotengera zodzadza ndi madzi.

M'nyumba yokhala ndi maluwa monga Aroid amayenera kutsuka konyowa nthawi zambiri. Pukutira mlengalenga mozungulira anthurium ndi siponji yabwino, sambani masamba pansi pofunda. Chinyontho chowonjezera chimachotsedwa ndi chinkhupule chonyowa kapena swab ya thonje. Kuyika moss mozungulira pansi pamalowo kumadzalanso mpweya ndi chinyezi.

Dothi

Ma Anthuriums ndi osazindikira pakusankhidwa kwa dothi, mwachilengedwe amamera pamiyala yamchenga komanso dothi lolemera. Komabe, zitheka kukwaniritsa zokongoletsera zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa ndi masamba owala ndi maluwa owala pang'ono mutabzala mbewu m'nthaka yabwino. Kuongolera kumalepheretsa kuvunda kwa mizu ndi tsinde, kumusiya theka la mphikawo. Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uzikhala ndi mpweya komanso kuti zisungunuke, ziyeneranso kufalikira m'nthaka: miyala, malasha, dongo lotukulidwa (zomwe munthu angasankhe zimatengera kupezeka kwa zinthu). Pokhala epiphyte, anthurium amakula bwino popanda dothi la makungwa a pine kapena moss.

Mwa magawo omwe adakonzedwa a anthurium, ndikofunikira kusankha primer ya orchid, azaleas kapena Aroid. Ndikakonzekera dothi lokha, zigawo zotsatirazi ziyenera kusungidwa:

• peat - 1 gawo;
• pepala lamtundu - gawo limodzi;
• nthaka yodziyimira - gawo limodzi;
• mchenga - theka.

Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pazomwe zimasakanikirana ndi makala, makala osweka a paini ndikudyetsa zowonjezera zamchere.

Kusankha mphika wa anthurium

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kudyetsa pafupipafupi sikuyenera kupitilira kawiri pamwezi m'chilimwe komanso kamodzi pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira. Mu nthawi yofunda, mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza kuti maluwa atulidwe, nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira kuwonjezera humate pansi. Kuchepetsa njira sizikulimbikitsidwa, yankho lolondola ndikugwiritsa ntchito theka la kuchuluka kwa michere.

M'nyengo yozizira, kupumula

Kusamalira anthurium panthawi yokhala matalala kumafunika kukhalabe ndi kutentha pang'ono, kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kudyetsa, zomwe zimathandiza chikhalidwecho kupezanso mphamvu ndikuyamba kulimba patatha nthawi yayitali maluwa. Mu nthawi yozizira, anthuriums amakula pang'onopang'ono. Pakatha maluwa, mbewu pang'ono zimagwetsa masamba awo ndikuzisala.

Kudulira

Pakatha nyengo yamaluwa, masamba omwe atayika mphamvu amadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa kumunsi kwa duwa. Malo owonekera amakonkhedwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Alimi ambiri amalima kudikira kuti chivundikiro cha inflorescence chikume, chotsani mosanjikiza pamwamba. Pachimake idzauma pambuyo pake ndikuchotsa mwaulere pachomera.

Kukonzanso

Kwa zaka zambiri, duwa limataya zokongoletsera zake, limamera ndi zophuka pafupi ndi mizu ndipo pang'ono pang'ono limataya masamba apansi. Kukalamba kumayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi maluwa, kusakhala kwathunthu kwa masamba. Zizindikiro zotere zikuwonetsa kufunikira kopanga "chisangalalo cha amuna", njira yothandiza kwambiri ndikusintha kwachikhalidwe. Ndikofunikira kudula bwino ndi masamba, ndikuyika mizu yomwe ili pamwamba pa dothi. Ikani mphukira panthaka yatsopano, muzu ndi kufinya maluwa.

Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani

Anthurium limamasula kunyumba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kugwa, komanso nthawi yozizira. Andre osiyanasiyana amapanga inflorescence zatsopano chaka chonse.

Mitundu ya maluwa

Chophimba cha inflorescence nthawi zambiri chimakhala chobiriwira kapena choyera, nthawi zambiri chimatengera mawonekedwe a perianth, wopaka utoto wofiirira, wofiirira kapena wophatikizika wa mithunzi. Kapangidwe kake kamavundikira ndi kachikopa.

Maonekedwe a maluwa

Ma inflorescence a "chisangalalo chachimuna" amayimiridwa ndi makina owoneka ngati kalabu, mawonekedwe opindika, ozungulira kapena makutu ozungulira amaso oyera, obiriwira kapena apinki. Maluwa amaikidwa zolimba pa cob mowoneka mizere, ali ndi mawonekedwe a mpungwe ndi lalikulu. Maluwa okongola amakuphatikizira:

• perianth yokhala ndi makina anayi ndi ma stamen anayi;
• gynoecium syncarpous;
• kusala kwa mawonekedwe a disk;
• ovary ndi ma ovules a 1-2 muzisoti ziwiri.

Maluwa a anthuriums ndi achilendo. Mchigawo chachikazi, ma stigmas okha amawoneka, stamens amatsekedwa mu mawonekedwe oyipa, ndipo chomera chimawoneka chachikazi. Stigmas amapanga madzi otsekemera omwe amakopa tizilombo. Madzi akamira, kusala kumaleka kuzindikira mungu, ndipo ma stamens amawoneka pansi pazigawo. Pambuyo povundukuka, stamens amabwerera m'munsi mwa perianth, munthu amatenga mawonekedwe achikazi.

Zosiyanasiyana za Anthurium

Nthawi ya maluwa

Chomera cha Flamingo chimamasula masabata 3-4 pamakhala malo abwino kwambiri.

Momwe mungapangire kuti anthurium aziluwa

Malingaliro osavuta athandizira kupanga maluwari anthurium:

1. Onjezerani kuchuluka kwa kuunika pafupi ndi maola 12 patsiku.
2. Kupatsa anthurium dothi lotayirira, lopepuka, lopatsa thanzi, kupatsa mizu mwayi wopezeka ndi mpweya.
3. Ikani maluwa mumphika, masentimita atatu, yokulirapo kuposa mizu ya wamkulu.
4. M'nyengo yozizira, khalani ndi kutentha kwa + 15-18 ° C, kuchepetsa kuthirira, kupereka magetsi owunikira.
5. Dyetsani chikhalidwecho ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous (theka la mlingo uliwonse pakatha masiku 20-30 pambuyo ponyowetsa nthaka kuyambira Marichi mpaka Okutobala).

Kodi Anthurium amabala bwanji?

Eni ake omwe amatulutsa maluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda kapena kufa kwa mbewuyo osasamalidwa kapena kuthandizidwa. Ndikwabwino kuda nkhawa za kubadwanso kwachikhalidwe panthawi. Zowonjezera zina zimapezeka pogawa chitsamba, zimere mbewu, kudula, ndikupanga mpweya zigawo.

Kuberekera Anthurium kunyumba

Kumera kwa mbeu

Kufunika kokula anthurium kuchokera kumbewu kumawonekera potsatira zotsatirazi:

1. Kupeza mbewu zambiri zazing'ono.
2. Kubzala mbewu zolandiridwa ndi makalata kapena zoperekedwa ndi alimi ena.
3. Ndi akulimbana ndi mbewu zokulitsa makolo awiri osankhidwa kale.

Mwachilengedwe, tizilombo timavala maluwa, kutengeka ndi zonunkhira za mbewu. Palibe owongolera m'nyumba. Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa "ma cobs" osiyanasiyana kuti amenye ndi burashi lofewa mkati mwa sabata. Maluwa a Anthurium amafika paunyamata kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu inflorescence payokha, mapisitilo ndi stamens nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kupukutidwa masiku osiyanasiyana. Nthawi yabwino yopukutira mungu ndi masiku dzuwa.

Kucha zipatso pa inflorescence kumatha miyezi 8. Mbewu zimapangidwa mkati mwa chipatso. Chizindikiro chakucha mabulosi ndicho kupatukana kwake ndi duwa. Mbewu zimalekanitsidwa ndi zamkati, zimasungidwa pinki potaziyamu permanganate, zouma pang'ono kutentha.

Ma Anthuriums amafesedwa mum akasinja osaya kwambiri. Magawo omwe amafikira sakhala ovuta, okwanira:

1. Dzazani chidebe ndi dothi losakaniza, nyowetsani nthaka.
2. Fizirani mbewu panthaka.
3. Pakani pang'ono inoculum mu gawo lapansi;
4. Tsekani thanki ndigalasi kapena polyethylene;
5. Ikani thankiyo pamalo otentha komanso owala.

Mukabzala mbewu moyenera ndikusunga kutentha m'chipindacho kwa madigiri 22, mbande zoyambirira ziziwonekera patatha sabata, kumera kwakukulu kumayamba m'masiku 14.

Mizu yodula

Nthawi yabwino yozula mizu ya anthurium kudula kumayambira pa Epulo mpaka Juni. Pofalikira, akuwombera masentimita 12 ndi mizu ya mlengalenga, masamba awiri athanzi ndi oyenera. Masamba asanabzalidwe amachotsedwa kapena kupindika mu chubu, kumangirizidwa ndi ulusi, kupewa kutulutsa madzi chinyontho kwambiri. Magawo pamtambo amathandizidwa ndi kaboni yoyambitsa. Njira zimamizidwa mu gawo limodzi masentimita 5, kuthiriridwa madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi film kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Kutentha komwe kumakhala kutentha kumasungidwa pafupi ndi + 21-24 madigiri, kutsanulira tsiku lililonse ndikuwongolera, gawo lapansi limanyowa.

Kufalikira kwa anthurium kunyumba podulidwa

Mpweya wagona

Ngati chomera chimataya ndi kutaya mawonekedwe ake, chowombera chapamwamba ndichosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kupangira anthurium. Idzatenga gawo lam'mwamba kuti mumasuke mamba ndi masamba omata, kukulunga ndi peat moss.

Tsekani chikwama kapena filimuyo pakavalidwe. Pakapita nthawi, mizu yatsopano imayamba kulowa m'mphuno. Zidula kuchokera kwa anthurium zimadulidwa ndikuzika mu chosiyana. Tsinde lomwe latsala lidzaphuka msanga.

Kugawana kwa mizu

Kufalitsa pogawa mizu kumachitika mosavuta mu nthawi ya kuphukira kwa masamba a anthuriums ndikutulutsa maluwa. Malangizo pang'onopang'ono a njirayi amaphatikiza njira zingapo:

1. Chitsamba chachikulire chimachotsedwa mosamala mumphika, kugwedeza nthaka, kumasula mizu.
2. Mizu yake ndi yopanda tanthauzo ndikugawidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa bwino.
3. Magawo ndi magawo am'mizu amachizidwa ndi makala opaka.

Kupatsirana kwa Anthurium

Anthurium imagulitsidwa patatha masiku atatu mutapeza mu shopuyo kapena kusintha poto kapena dothi. Kusintha koyipa kwa dothi kukuwonetsedwa ndi zoyera kapena zotumphukira padziko lapansi. Kunyumba, kusamalira duwa laling'ono la Anthurium (mpaka zaka zinayi) kumafuna kusintha kwapaderadera, akuluakulu amasintha dziko lapansi pakapita zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Magawo omata anthurium:

1. Danga lokwanira limatsanuliridwa mumphika wofunikira kukula kotala la kukula kwachidebe ndipo dothi lakonzedwa.
2. Amatulutsa anthurium kuchokera pachiwiya chakale, ndikuthirira kale.
3. Onani mizu ya mbewu kuti iwononge kapena kuwola.
4. Finyani chizimba ndi Fitolavin ndikusintha chikhalidwecho mumphika watsopano.
5. Pang'onopang'ono onjezani gawo lapansi, ndikugubuduza mphika kuti dothi lambiri likhalepobe. Dothi lapansi mu thankiyo siliyenera kufika m'mphepete mwa 2-3 cm.

Chaka chimodzi chomera

Ma Anthuriums sakhala ndi chisamaliro chabwino, malinga ndi zovuta zosavuta kukula, pachaka chaka chonse. Kuti maluwa akhazikike, ndikokwanira kuwonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chikhale ndi mpweya wambiri, kusakhalako kwa zojambula ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, mbewuyo imagulitsidwa patatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Kanema