Monga lamulo, anthu alibe kukayikira kuti shuga beet ndi chida chokonzekera mafakitale, ndi mabungwe akuluakulu okha kapena minda yamaluwa yomwe ikulima. Pakalipano, luso la kulima shuga beet limapezeka kwambiri m'mabedi omwe amadziwika bwino kwa mwiniwake wa malo amodzi.
Beet shuga: kufotokoza
Shuga beet ndi subspecies wa nthawizonse muzu beet. Chotsatira cha chaka choyamba cha moyo wa chomera chazaka ziwiri izi ndi mzuwu woyera wautali wotalika kutalika ndi wopangidwa ndi masamba a rosette. Mu minda yaing'ono, nyemba zoterezi zimakula osati zokolola shuga, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popita kunyumba, monga chakudya cha ziweto ndi nkhuku, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. 
Kukhalapo kwa beet mizu masamba, kuwonjezera pa sucrose, komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya (mavitamini B, C ndi PP, magnesium, ayodini, chitsulo ndi zina za mchere ndi zina) zinachititsa zotsatira zawo zothandiza pa thupi laumunthu, kuphatikizapo matenda osiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga beet kumatsutsana ndi odwala matenda a shuga.
Kusankha dothi kuti likhale ndi beets shuga
Nyerere za shuga zimakula bwino kwambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka yosafunikakukhala ndi mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi chokhazikika. Njira yabwino ndi chernozem. Zomera zowonongeka za peatlands ndi sierozems zidzakhalanso zomasuka kwa beets shuga.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wokhala bwino ndi zokolola zam'tsogolo za shuga beet zimapezeka mozama 0.6-0.8 mamita ochepa kwambiri ndi madzi osungirako katundu - Chingwe choyandikana ndi mizu yomwe ikukula bwino chidzapangitsa kuti pakhale zovunda, ndipo kuchepetsa mbeuyi pansi pazomwe zidzatetezedwe kudzachepetsa kuchepa kwa gawo la pansi pa beet.
Mukudziwa? Kulemera kwa beet wamkulu kwambiri ku Somerset mu 2001 kunali 23.4 makilogalamu.
Beet oyambirira mu kusinthasintha
Simungabzala beets shuga pa tsamba Pambuyo pake, mitundu ina ya beets, komanso pambuyo pake, sipinachi, rapse, kugwiriridwa, camelina, mpiru, rutabagas forage, kabichi ndi kohlrabi, potsiriza, pambuyo pa mpiru, radish ndi radish, kabichi ndi nyemba. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha tizirombo zofanana.
Ndipo apa oyambitsa bwino kwambiri a shuga beet ndi tirigu wozizira ndi balere. Ngati mbatata ikukula pamtengowu, amachotsedwa bwino namsongole (ali ndi beets omwe ali nawo), ndiye kuti nthakayi ndi yoyenera kubzala beets shuga. Kwa eni a dachas ndi ziwembu zing'onozing'ono, njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu zachisanu sizikula pamakilomita angapo.
Kutha ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe
Chidebe cha shuga cha ulimi chimayambitsa kuyambika kwa mabedi mu kugwa. Ndiko kumene kukumba koyamba kukuchitika. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, malowa amadziwika ngati njira yodziŵira kuti asatenge chinyezi komanso kuti azigawidwa pansi.
Feteleza wa beets
Pansi padzinja kukumba dothi la shuga beet ayenera kupindula, pamodzi ndi olimba (35 makilogalamu 100). Kuwonjezera pa manyowa, fetereza-phosphate feteleza (2 kg / sotka). Pa nthawi yomweyo kapena pafupi masabata awiri musanafese, tikulimbikitsanso kufotokoza zitsamba zamadzimadzi (0.9-1.0 kg / sot). Pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza feteleza kwa beets muyenera kusamala, chifukwa nayitrogeni ali ndi chuma chodzidzimutsa mu mizu. Komabe, mutabzala, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la feteleza wa nayitrogeni pamtunda wa 1,25 g pa lita imodzi ya madzi kuti akuweta.
Mwachindunji panthawi yofesa, granulated superphosphate (200 g / sotka) yawonjezedwa ku nthaka, masentimita 4 kuposa mbewu. Pamene mizu yokolola imakula, zowonjezerapo zowonjezera zomwe zakhala zikupangidwa kale zidzatha kuthandizira njirayi. Kwa mapulogalamu a foliar ndi foliar, makina a carbamide-ammonia (1.5 l / sotka) amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi uliwonse, pomaliza kumaliza masabata atatu asanakonzekere tsiku lokolola.
Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu ya beet
Mitundu yambiri komanso hybrids ya shuga beet ikhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi shuga lawo. Malinga ndi chisonyezo ichi, iwo amakhala osasinthasintha (palibe chokhwimitsa chodalira pakati pa zokolola ndi shuga) mwagawidwa m'magulu atatu.
| Dzina la mitundu | Zosakaniza shuga,% | Chiwerengero cha zokolola |
| Pereka | mpaka 16.5 | Pamwamba |
| Shuga-ololera | mpaka 18.5 | Avereji |
| Shuga | mpaka 20.5 | Low |
Ndikofunikira! Mukamagula mbewu, samalani kuti kukula kwake sikumtunda 3.5 masentimita, ngati simungayambe kukhala ndi mbeu.
Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mbewuyi ndi awa mitundu ndi hybridskukhala ndi zizindikiro zabwino zapamwamba, choyamba, ndi mabotolo angapo omwe angapezeke kuchokera ku hekita 1:- Mitundu ya beet ya mitunduBoheme"Amapereka mbewu zowonjezera bwino (mpaka 19%) ndi shuga wokwanira 2 kg pa zokolola za 300 makilogalamu / ha (3 centners of each weave) Nthawi yakucha ya Bohemia ndi masiku 80. Kutetezeka kwa zowola kumapereka chiyembekezo cha kusungirako nthawi yaitali.
- Mizu ya beet mitundu "Bona"Musagwiritsire ntchito makilogalamu osachepera 0,3, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale osakaniza pang'ono (100 kg / ha). Zokwanira shuga zimapitirira 12%, koma izi zimakhala zofulumira (masiku 84) zipsa ndipo zakhala zikulimbana ndi chilala, chomwe sichitha kwa beet mitundu.
- Mtundu wa German umasonyeza zokolola zabwinoAraxia"- 800 kg / ha ndi shuga yabwino kwambiri ya 16.4%. Fecundity imeneyi imapindula makamaka makamaka chifukwa chakuti muzu wake ulibe mbewu.
- Zimasonyezanso kusagwirizana ndi zovuta komanso mbadwa ya ku Germany "Bigben", omwe, pokhala ndi zokolola za 720 c / ha, amatha kudabwa ndi shuga zoposa 17.5%.
Mukudziwa? Amwino amachiritsi amalimbikitsa kuti nthawi zonse azigwiritsa ntchito shuga kuti azibwezeretsa thupi.
Kufesa beets
Kufesa mbewu za shuga beet m'chaka. Chizindikiro cha nthawi yovuta ndi kukwaniritsa kutentha kwa pansi kwa 6-8 madigiri Celsius pamtunda wa masentimita asanu. Ngati mbewu isanafese kwa maola angapo zilowerere mu njira ya phulusa, shuga beets idzakwera mofulumira kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwake kwa mbeu 2-4 masentimita, malingana ndi kukula kwake kwa nthaka, mzere wa mzere ndi masentimita 45. Kuchita kufesa kokha kungatheke mwa njira yodzaza nthanga yapangidwa kale ndi mchenga wochepa komanso mchenga (10 kg mchenga pa mbewu 1000). Pambuyo pofika pamtunda wodzaza, mawonekedwe a mtundawo amabwezeretsedwa.
Pamene mbande zikuwonekera ndikukula, kupatulira kumaphatikizapo: yoyamba ndi 5-6 masentimita, yachiwiri ndi 15-18 masentimita. Beet yolima imakonda chinyontho ndi nthaka yosalala. Choyamba madzi okwanira ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga mutatha kufesa. Kuwonjezera madzi okwanira ndi bwino makamaka kuwonedwa ndi chomera ngati chitachitika ndi kukonkha.
Kuteteza namsongole
Pansi pa zochitika zapakhomo, kupalira kwasamba komweku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga njira ya udzu, yomwe, monga momwe kulima mbatata, ndi yovuta komanso nthawi yowononga. Komabe, izi zidzakupatsani mwayi wopewera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicides.
Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya chitetezo kumakhala koyenera kapena koyenera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti kuchepetsa kutuluka (nyengo yokhayokha) kuyambika koyambitsa matenda a herbicidal pogwiritsa ntchito fen ndi desmedipham. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawa kapena madzulo, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya pafupi ndi nthaka kumakhala madigiri 15-25. Zomwe akuyenera kuwonetsa nyengo ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti mphepo yamkuntho ichitike pasanathe maola 6 pambuyo popopera mbewu.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Nyerere ya shuga imadwala nthawi zambiri bulauni kapena zowola mochedwachifukwa cha bowa. Polimbana ndi izi, komanso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi beet aphid ndi beet nematode, panthawi yomwe ikukula zimagwiritsira ntchito ntchito zowonjezera (kupopera mbewu ndi ulimi wothirira) wa Fitosporin fungicide ndi Fitoverm osatha kudziunjikira mu zomera osati kuchepetsa zokolola. Kuonjezera apo, "Fitosporin" imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tillage ndi kompositi, pamene akuyesa kufesa nthaka.
Kukolola
Mukhoza kuyamba kukolola kumapeto kwa September. Pamene suti ya shuga imakololedwa, chidwi chenicheni chimaperekedwa kwa kusamalira mosamala zazitali ndipo motero kwambiri mizu ya masamba. Kuwonongeka kwawo kwakukulu kumachepetsa moyo wa alumali.
Kwa yosungirako, kutentha kwakukulu ndi 1 ... +3 ° C. Koma mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe, kusunga beets mu dziko lachisanu. Komabe, zoterezi zimatheka kokha nyengo yowawa, chifukwa kutentha kudzapambana pa -14 ... -16 ° С, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwake kupitirira -7 ° С kungawonongeke pamakhalidwe abwino.
Pomwe palibe chipinda chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati sitolo ya masamba, shuga za shuga zimasungidwa muzitsulo kapena mizati, zomwe zimaphimbidwa ndi zida zowonongeka (udzu, utuchi, kapena chipale chofewa). 
Beet ya shuga idzakhala yabwino komanso yothandiza pa saladi osiyanasiyana. Mu kuphika kokometsera, amatha kusuta shuga mosavuta. Zakudya zokoma ndi beet chakudya chakudya monga ziweto. Nkhuku imakhala yolemera mofulumira, pokhala ndi zakudya zowonjezera monga shuga beet, kotero, imaphatikizidwa mu mawonekedwe a grat kuti chakudya cha tirigu. Pogwirizana ndi mankhwala, zopindula zonsezi zimapindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kuyesetsa kwa kulima shuga.
