Malo obadwira katsitsumzukwa ndi Europe, Africa, Asia. M'mawonekedwe, mbewu iyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi fern, ngakhale kuti posachedwapa idachokera ku banja la Liliaceae. Mpaka pano, adawerengedwa ngati banja la Asparagus, mitundu yoposa 300 ya katsitsumzukwa wodziwika ndi sayansi amatchedwa katsitsumzukwa.
Kodi katsitsumzukwa amawoneka bwanji
Mtundu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri wamaluwa umapangitsa kuti alimi ambiri azimusirira. Kwa ena, imawoneka ngati mbewu yofiyira, ina - ngati fern. Palibe chilichonse chomwe chimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndikupanga mankhwala.
Chipinda cha Asparagus
Asparagus ili ndi mizu yolimba yopingasa, yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri zokhazikika. Oimira nyama zamtchire amapezeka m'madambo, m'nkhalango komanso malo opondera. Amakonda dothi labwino lamchere.
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chomera zimaphatikizapo chakudya, mafuta ofunikira, mapuloteni, carotene, mchere wamchere, amino acid, etc. Mitundu yoyamba ya katsitsumzukwa imawonekera zaka 2 zapitazo. Asparagus adafika ku Russia mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 17.
Zomera zimatha kutalika 1.5 m kutalika. Zimayambira ndi zonyezimira, zosalala. Nthambi zimapita mmwamba kuchokera kumitengo. Masamba a katsitsumzukwa ndi owonda, owongoka, osalala. Kutalika kwa tsamba, lomwe limakhala ndi dzina lachiwiri - lalitali, limatha kufika masentimita 3. Amapanikizidwa pang'ono ndikuyang'anizana ndi tsinde, pambali panthambi imayikidwa m'mbale ya masamba 3-6 chilichonse.
Maluwa amatha kupezeka pa tsinde ndi nthambi za mbewu. Amakhala ngati mabelu, amtundu wakuda, wokhala ndi miyala yayikulu. Maluwa aamuna ndi okulirapo kuposa maluwa achikazi, kukula kwawo ndi pafupifupi 5 mm. Ma inflorescence amawonekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe.
Mitundu
Asparagus ndiofala pafupifupi konsekonse. Dulani nthambi za duwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa, azikongoletsa ndi maluwa, nkhata, etc. Chifukwa chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katsitsumzukwa imagawanika osati kukhala udzu wamuyaya, komanso mipesa, zitsamba, zitsamba, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe olowera komanso ofukula.
Mitundu ya Asparagus yomwe ilimidwa ku Russia:
- Plumezus;
- Crescent;
- Zachinyengo;
- Spenseger yamaluwa;
- Setaceus;
- Umbelatus
- Meyer;
- Kunja kwa nthawi yayitali kozizira.
Asparagus Plumezus
Asparagus Plumezus, imakhalanso pinnate, ili ndi mawonekedwe a shrub. Imakhala ndi mphukira. Zimayambira zopanda kanthu, zosalala. Phyllocladia amakula m'magulu 3 mpaka 12 ma PC. m'modzi aliyense. M'mawonekedwe, imafanana ndi fern. Limamasula ndi maluwa amodzi achisanu. Chipatso chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wamdima wabuluu, chinthu chokhotakhota ndi msuzi wa zipatso ndizovuta kwambiri kuchapa. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Dawo lawo ndi pafupifupi 6 mm. Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi mbewu zitatu mkati.
Asparagus Plumezus
Kusamalira katsabola wa cirrus kumatanthauza kutsatira chinyontho chachikulu. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kungayambitse kuchepa kwa maluwa ndi chikaso cha magulu. Zomwe zimomera pansi pauwuni zimayambitsa kutentha, tsinde ndi masamba limakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Amakonzekeretsa madzi ovuta okhala ndi calcium yambiri. Ndikusowa kwa izi, masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikaso ndi kutha.
Crescent Asparagus
Chomera chosasinthika chomwe chimakonda dothi lolemera komanso kuthirira pafupipafupi. Kubwezeretsanso nkotheka m'njira ziwiri:
- Kugawa chitsamba;
- Mbewu.
Maonedwe ofala pakati pa maluwa apanyumba ku Russia. Ndi wa mtundu wamisili, olima ena amaliona ngati liana. India amadziwika kuti kwawo. Maluwa amakula mwachangu kwambiri. Masamba ndi odutsa, okhala ndi malekezero pang'ono.
Asparagus Falcous
Zoyambira zazikulu zimakhazikika ndipo zimakutidwa ndi minga zosowa, mothandizidwa ndi pomwe mbewuyo imamatirira m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndikukula. Zomera zimatentha pakati pa chilimwe. Inflorescence m'mimba mwake amafika masentimita 6-8. Maluwa amakhala oyera, pambuyo pake patatuluka zipatso zakuda za mawonekedwe osalala.
Ili ndi mizu yoyambira. Mu chomera chathanzi, masamba amakhala oyera ndi emarodi. Kunyumba, pafupi ndi duwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti apange mawonekedwe ngati mzere kapena waya, momwe shrub imatha kupindika. Chisamaliro chachikulu cha odwala matenda ovuta kunyumba ndikudulira, kumene chimakula msanga.
Asparagus Falcous
Asparagus Falcous amasiyanitsidwa ndi makonzedwe ooneka bwino a chuma. Mitundu iyi imatengedwa ngati yayikulu kwambiri pabanja lonse la Asparagus. Mtundu wa mpesa uwu umafuna kudulira pafupipafupi. Ili ndi masamba opyapyala omwe amafikira mulifupi osaposa 5 mm, ngakhale kuti kutalika kwake kumatha kuyambira 8 mpaka 10 cm.
Osaganiza bwino pochoka. Amamera bwino m'malo amdzuwa komanso m'malo owala. Mtundu wa mmera umakhala pansi pamasamba. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, ofiira pang'ono. Kunyumba, samakonda kuphuka - 1 nthawi yazaka 5-7. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Tcherani khutu! Pakufunika kuvomerezedwa kwa kudula mutagula mwapadera malo ogulitsira kapena ku nazale.
Miphika yaying'ono yapakatikati ndiyabwino kwa katsitsumzukwa, chifukwa madzi amatha kusenda m'mbale zazikulu, chifukwa chomwe dothi limakhala acidic ndipo mizu yake imafa. Duwa limakonda mpweya watsopano, wonyowa, kutsirira pafupipafupi, kudyetsa pafupipafupi.
Asparagus wozungulira maluwa Sprenger
Asparagus Sprengery kapena waku Itiopiya kapena katsitsumzukwa aethiopicus amatanthauza mitundu yobiriwira ya katsitsumzukwa. Ichi ndi chitsamba chachikuda chambiri chomwe kuthengo chimatha kupezeka pamiyala ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri. Zomera za chomera chachikulu zimayamba kutalika kuchokera pa 1,3 mpaka 1.5m. Zimayambira ndi nthambi zake. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masamba pamitengo, mitundu iyi ya katsitsumzukwa inkatchedwa kuti wandiweyani.
Zomera zam'maluwa zimatsagana ndi fungo labwino. Maluwa amawonekera kumapeto kwa Meyi, kukhala ndi pinki kapena yoyera. Kusamalira asparagus Sprenger kunyumba kumafuna zochepa. Zoyipa zosamalira sprenger katsitsumzukwa ndikuwonetsetsa kosintha kwa kutentha, chifukwa ndi amtundu wa Asparagus wokonda kutentha kwambiri. Mwabwinobwino, ngakhale mbewu pa + 5 ° C, izi sizingokhala panthaka.
Asparagus Setaceus
Mtundu uwu wa katsitsumzukwa simalola kutsika kwa kutentha kosakwana 12 ° C. Pamafunika chisamaliro mosamala momwe mungavalire kavalidwe kabwinoko. Amakonza chinyezi chotsika osati 70%.
Asparagus Sethius
Pakakhala chinyezi chochepa chimayamba kupweteka, masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.
Tcherani khutu! Pakupopera, musagwiritse ntchito njira yochepetsera.
Asparagus Umbelatus
Asparagus Umbelatus amatchedwa ambellate. Zomera zimagawidwa pofanana-kugonana komanso kubala. Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino. Mtundu wa Asparagus womwe umapezeka kumadera aliwonse osangalatsa. Imakhala ndi kukana chisanu bwino. Zimatha nthawi yozizira kumpoto kwa Russia pamalo otseguka.
Masamba a Umbelatus ndi ochepa, amaloledwa kumapeto, owonda, osalala. Maluwa a chomera ndi akulu, amafikira mainchesi 1.5. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, zipatso zimawonekera, mtundu wake womwe umasiyana ndi wachikaso mpaka wofiyira. Mtundu wa katsitsumzukwa umakonda miphika yayikulu. Mizu yanu imafunikira malo ambiri kuti ikule. Umbelatus simalola kulembera, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibzale m'malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Pa chinyezi cha mpweya pansi pa 70%, mbewuyo imapulikiridwa. Kudulira chomera ndikosayenera, monga kudulira nthambi kuti zikule. Mphukira zatsopano zimangowoneka pansi pamizu.
Zofunika! Zipatso za mmera zimawonedwa ngati zowopsa, chifukwa chake, patangomera maluwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbewuyo ikhale mnyumba mosungika, kutali ndi nyama ndi ana.
Asparagus Meyer
Asparagus yamtunduwu ndi ya Asparagus, ofika 50 cm kutalika. Popeza tsinde la mbewuyo ndi locheperako, amakonda kumakhalapo movutikira chuma. Masamba okhala ndi masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, masamba amakhala omasuka, okhala ngati ulusi, omwe amalola kuti zimayambira kuti zithe. Mphukira zamtendere zokhazokha zimakhala za zitsamba. Mu chomera chachikulire, mphukira zapakati zimatha kukhala zowuma. Mphukira zaposachedwa zimachoka kwa mayi zimayambira ndi kasupe mbali zosiyanasiyana. Maluwa a Meyer, aka pyramidal asparagus, amayamba pakati pa Juni. Maluwa amakhala oyera kapena achikasu oyera. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a belu. Zipatso ndi zofiira kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira.
Asparagus Meyer
Asparagus Meyer ndiofala pakati pa alimi a maluwa omwe amachita nawo zokongoletsera zamkati. Pang'ono pang'ono pabwino pakusamalira ndi kukonza. Imakonzanso kuthirira kwakula kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kawiri pa tsiku nyengo yotentha. Imayimitsidwa ndikukula pamtunda wotsika 10 ° C. Sililekerera kukonzekera. Amamera mu nthaka yamchere yamchere. Pakumapeto kwa dzinja, kamodzi pa sabata, feteleza ayenera kuthira dothi. Zomera sizifunira kudulira.
Asparagus mumsewu wozizira osagwirizana ndi nthawi yayitali
Asparagus mumsewu wozizira wosagwirizana ndi nyengo yayitali amalekerera kutentha kwa 10⁰C. Kutentha kochepa, kumafunikira pogona. Monga mitundu ina ya Asparagus, imakonda kuthirira pafupipafupi ndi kuphatikiza manyowa nthawi zonse. Maluwa ndi ang'ono, oyera, pambuyo poti mungu wopanga utoto wowonekera apangidwe. Pamafunika kumuika pachaka, komwe kumachitika mchaka. Asparagus Triferen amadziwikanso ngati dimba losakhazikika nthawi yachisanu.
Asparagus Triferen
Asparagus sifunikira chisamaliro chovuta, sizovuta kuti aziwasamalira. Amasinthasintha zochitika. Tchire lobiriwira lingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati zokongoletsera zokha, komanso kuphika, zipatso za mitundu ina ndizathanzi. Chofunikira kwambiri pakulima kwake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti boma limathirira mbewu bwino komanso chinyezi.
