Pali mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, kuphatikiza iyo yoberekedwa makamaka chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta ya Russia. Ngakhale zili choncho, si mitundu yonse yomwe imaphatikiza zabwino monga Hard Hard Hard Hardness, zipatso zambiri ndi moyo wautalifufufu. Ngati mukusangalatsidwa ndi izi, muyenera kutchera khutu ku mphesa za Moldova zomwe zidachedwa, zomwe, mosamala, zimapereka zipatso zazikulu komanso zazikulu, koma zipatso zosapsa pang'ono.
Mbiri ya kulimidwa kwa Moldova
Mitundu ya mphesa ku Moldova idawonekera pogwiritsa ntchito asayansi kuchokera ku Moldavian Research Institute of Viticulture ndi Winemaking kwakanthawi - mu 1974. "Makolo" a Moldova ndi mitundu Guzal Kara ndi Gcina Saillar 12-375. Kuyambira 1975, mitundu yatsopanoyi idutsa mayeso aboma. Mu 1986, mphesa za Moldova zidaphatikizidwa m'kaundula wa boma ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikalimbe ku North Caucasus ndi Lower Volga. Pakadali pano, imakula kwambiri ku Russia komanso ku Ukraine. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi dzina lina - Late Kodryanka.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Moldova ndi yamtundu wa ma tebulo omaliza. Masiku 160-165 akutha kuchokera pomwe masamba amatseguka, ndiye kuti mphesa nthawi zina sizikhala ndi nthawi kuti zipse kwathunthu kumadera ozizira. Mabasi amakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu. Mipesa imakutidwa ndi masamba akulu, osafalikira, omwe m'munsi mwake mumakhala okutidwa ndi kufooka kwapafupipafupi. Maluwa aku Moldova ali ndi maluwa okongola awiriwa, motero mitundu yosungira mungu sikufunika.
Mphesa zimakutidwa ndi zokutira sera sera.
Magulu amapangika kwambiri pamtunda wa 5-6, kuwerengera kuyambira pansi. Masango akuluakulu (pafupifupi 400-600 g, mpaka 1 kg) amakula pa phesi 4-5 masentimita ndipo amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, nthawi zina amakhala ndi "mapiko". Kapangidwe ka maburashi ndi kotayirira. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu (mpaka 6 g) zimakutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira (nthawi zina pafupifupi lakuda) lomwe lili ndi zokutira wandiweyani. Mkati mwabulosi iliyonse mumabisika 2-3, nthawi zina mbewu zinayi. Guwa lili ndi mawonekedwe owonda, pang'ono pang'ono. Kukoma kulibe chilichonse, mu gawo laukadaulo waukadaulo ndi wowawasa. Zomwe zili ascorbic acid mu msuzi ndizokwera kwambiri (8-9 g / l), pomwe mashuga ali ndi 18-19%. Pa yosungirako, acidity imayamba kuchepa, kubereka kumatha.
Zosiyanasiyana Moldova - kanema
Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana
Mphesa ku Moldova zili ndi zabwino zingapo zomwe zimafotokozera kutchuka kwake pakati pa wamaluwa:
- kulowa mwachangu mu zipatso (zaka 2-3 mutabzala);
- zokolola zambiri (mpaka 4 makilogalamu kuchokera 1 m2 munda wamphesa, mpaka makilogalamu 150 kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi wazaka 8-10, mpaka 165 kg pa 1 ha);
- kayendedwe kabwino komanso kukhazikika;
- kukana kwapakati kugonjetsedwa ndi mildew ndi imvi zowola, zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi phylloxera;
- pafupifupi yozizira hardiness (imalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -22 zaC)
- Kutha kusinthanso.
Zoyipa zamitundu:
- kukhudzidwa mosavuta ndi momwe ziliri;
- kuchepa kwakukulu kosungiramo ndi kusungika poyenera kukolola mwadzidzidzi;
- Kuchepa kwa mbeu yabwino komanso kuchulukitsa kuthengo.
Zomwe zimabzala komanso kukulitsa mphesa ku Moldova
Kuti mukhale ndi zitsamba zopangidwa bwino, muyenera kusankha dothi labwino. Mphesa sakonda dothi lonyowa mopitirira muyeso, limakula kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ngati madzi apansi ali pafupi pafupi ndi dera lanu, ngalande ziyenera kuperekedwa.
Tchire limafunikira kuyatsa kwabwino komanso kutentha kwambiri, motero ndikofunika kuziyika kumbali yakumwera kwa mundawo. Kukhazikika kwa mphepo yozizira ndi mphepo zamkuntho zimasokoneza kukula kwa mbewu. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha malo ndikupatsa chitsamba chitetezo choyenera.
Malamulo akumalo
Monga mitengo ya zipatso, mphesa zimabzalidwa nthawi yamasika ndi yophukira. Mutha kubzala pa kutentha kwa mpweya kosachepera +15 zaC, ndi dothi + 10 ... +11 zaC.
Mukabzala m'dzinja, muyenera kukumbukira kuti osachepera mwezi uyenera kukhalabe chisanu, ndipo chitsamba chaching'ono chimayenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira.
Olima m'munda ambiri amakonda kubzala mphesa nthawi ya masika, kuti mphesa zimaphuka pofika nthawi yophukira - izi zimapangitsa kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yosavuta.
Moldova ndi yoyenera kubzala pamizu yake, komanso kumalumikiza pamtengo wachitsamba wachikulire.
Ngati mukufuna kupatsa katemera, gawo lotsika limaduladula ndi kupendekera mamilimita angapo kuchokera kumunsi ndikumamizidwa m'madzi kwa maola 24. Chitsa chakale chimatsukidwa ndi dothi ndikumata, chimangacho chimalumikizidwa ndikugawanika ndikuchikoka molimba ndi chingwe cholimba.
Katemera wa mphesa mu shtamb - kanema
Mukamagula mmera womaliza, onetsetsani mizu yake. Osatengera zinthu zodzala ndi mizu youma kapena yaulesi.
Wodula uyenera kuthiridwa m'madzi kuti uzike mizu
Sapling (chubuk ndi mizu) ikhoza kukonzedwa palokha. Kuti izi zitheke, phesi lodulidwa limayikidwa m'madzi ndikudikirira kuti mizu ipangidwe yoyera. Mutha kubzala mizu kuti mudzala phesi mumphika wamaluwa ndi dothi lonyowa. Asanabzala, phesiyo imviviika mu yankho la Humate - izi zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zitheke.
Mutha kukonzekera mbande zokongola pobzala mitengo ya mphesa mu chidebe chomwe chili ndi gawo lina la michere
Mbande zakonzedwa zabzalidwa m'mayenje okonzedweratu ndi akuya masentimita 60-70 ndi pansi pa 90-100 cm.Pansi pa dzenje limasulidwa ndi pitchfork, yokutidwa ndi 2/3 ya zosakaniza zakumanzere kuchokera ku humus kapena zolengedwa zina ndi nthaka. Dengali limakonkhedwa ndi dothi loonda. Mosamala mmera (mizu yachichepere imakhala yocheperapo) ikani dzenje ndikugona pansi. Mutabzala, mmera umafunika kuthiriridwa ndi zidebe za madzi 2-3 ndikuthiririka ndi dothi lonyowetsedwa ndi peat. Ndikofunika kumangiriza mmera ndi msomali.
Mukabzala mphesa m'nthaka pansi pa dzenjelo, muyenera kuthira dothi lakuya
Mtunda pakati pa tchire loyandikana ndi mphesa uzikhala wosachepera 3.5 - 4 m, mzere kutalikirana - 5 m.
Kusamalira mphesa
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Moldova imakonda kukulira, momwe mumachepa zipatso ndi kuchepera kwa zokolola. Ndiye kuti tipeze mbewu zamtundu wapamwamba, tchire liyenera kudulidwa, komanso kuthiriridwa madzi ndi kudyetsa nthawi zonse.
Kuthirira
Ngakhale Moldova sakonda kuthirira kwamadzi, imafunika kuthirira mosalekeza kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, yomwe ndiyokwanira kuthiriridwa katatu pachaka, Moldova imafunikira kuthiriridwa madzi osachepera 1 pamwezi, komanso nthawi zambiri kutentha kapena chilala. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira kumayendetsedwa malinga ndi dothi (likamuma, kuthirira kwina ndikofunikira). Kuti musakhumudwe kwambiri, ndikofunika kukumba ngalande zamadzina kuti mumathiridwe madzi owonjezera.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Feteleza Wachilengedwe ndi muyezo wa mchere - nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous, ali oyenera kudyetsa mphesa.
Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pachaka, makamaka ndi kuthirira. Chapakatikati, mankhwala a nayitrogeni amayambitsidwa; m'chilimwe, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimawonjezeredwa. Ma organics tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitha kuyambitsa kumapeto kwa zaka 2-3 zilizonse. Ndi kuphuka kwa ntchito kwa masika a zinthu zachilengedwe, kukoma kwa zipatso kumatha kuwonongeka.
Kudulira
Kudulira mphesa kumachitika chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena yophukira. Ndikofunika kuchita opareshoni nthawi yokhala matalala - masamba asanatseguke kapena masamba asanagwe. Kudulira kumayamba kuchokera pamwamba pa mphukira. Pa mtengo uliwonse wa mpesa muyenera kusiya maso 7-16, ndipo mukapanga chitsamba chokulirapo, maso 4-6. Pazonse, palibe masamba opitilira 70 omwe ayenera kukhala pachitsamba. Pambuyo pake, ngati masango ambiri apangidwa, muyenera kusintha mbewuzo kuti musadzaze chitsamba. Pa mphukira iliyonse, ndikofunikira kusiya masango 1-2.
Kwa chisanu, muyenera kudula mphukira zosapsa
Kuphatikiza pakupanga kudulira, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mphukira zouma komanso zowonda kwambiri, komanso kugwa kuti muchepetse mipesa yopanda lignified.
Pogona nyengo yachisanu
Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira ku Moldova kuli bwino, koma ngati pali madera ozizira kwambiri m'dera lanu kuposa -23 zaC, ndiye dzinja lifunika pogona. Mukadulira nthawi yophukira, mipesa imamangirizika pamodzi, kugwada pansi ndikukutidwa ndi udzu, filimu kapena geotextile.
Kuteteza tchire kuti lisazizire, ndikofunikira kuti zitsike pansi ndikuphimba ndi filimu pamwamba
Ngati tchire silikhalira m'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti mulch nthaka m'nthiti ya 1-1.5 mamita kuchokera pamtengo ndi wowonda kapena peat isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Chapakatikati, mulch amayenera kuchotsedwa.
Chithandizo cha matenda ndi tizirombo
Moldova imakana kukana matenda ndi matenda ena, koma imathanso kukhudzidwa ndi oidimum. Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri mtundu wa mbewu, motero mukuyenera kuchita mankhwala othandizira ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (1: 100 ratio) kapena kukonzekera kwina kwamkuwa. Chithandizo choyambirira chikuchitika masiku 7-10 asanafike maluwa, chachiwiri - pambuyo pakupanga maburashi. Pakakonzedwe, madzi a Bordeaux amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Mwa tizirombo, mphesa zimangokhala ndi mantha a mavu, koma izi sizikugwira ntchito ku Moldova - podzafika nthawi yomwe chinkapanda mavu, sichimachitika.
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Mwakutero, Moldova ipsa mu Seputembala. Kukololedwa m'mawa pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yotulira. Maburashi amakhala bwino onyamula m'mabokosi. Chifukwa cha khungu lakuda, mphesa zimasungidwa bwino ndikulola mayendedwe.
Mphesa za Moldova pakucha kwathunthu - kanema
Mphesa zimatha kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira kwa miyezi 2-3 kapena kupitilira apo. Masango amapachikidwa pazingwe kapena pamiyala; mbatata yaying'ono ikhoza kuyikiridwa kumiyendo mwendo kuti iumitse.
Gawo lina la mbewuyo lingathe kutsalira pachisa mpaka chisanu, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti mphesa zotere zimasungidwa bwino.
Akanyamula, Moldova ndi wowawasa, koma ndikasungidwa amapeza maswiti. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano pakupanga zoumba ndi vinyo.
Ndemanga
Moldova palokha ndiyo mtundu wamphesa zamitundu yambiri. Samamulola kuti akhale ndi vinyo, chifukwa waini wopanda pakeyu ndi wa amateur okha. Ine.e. ngakhale Moldova ikupsa (shuga wambiri wadziunjikira), ndiye kuti mulinso asidi wambiri mkati mwake. Ndipo atatha kupesa, shuga onse atapsa, asidi awa amakhalabe.
rondo//otvet.mail.ru/question/95590818
Sindikumvetsa zomwe zili bwino ku Moldova. Ndidayesera ndi anthu osiyanasiyana, ndizofanana kulikonse. Chifukwa chani kuthamangira nacho, "dikirani mpaka chikhazikike" ngati mungathe kubzala mitundu yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino mchaka chilichonse ndipo simuyenera kudikirira? Ndikumvetsetsa kuti ngati ku Moldova panali zokongola zina zomwe zimatha kumenyedwera, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zakupsa, monga maCitron Maragac ali ndi zolemba za Citron ... Koma ku Moldova kulibe chilichonse chabwino ...
Vadim kuchokera ku Rostov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=29284#p29284
Moldova, chitsamba chimodzi, katemera pa mizu yakale ya Lidiya pakupatika, katemera zaka 4. Ndimagwira pazifukwa ziwiri: anyamata oyandikana nawo samayesa kwambiri zipatso ndi kusunga zipatso zamdima mpaka pano zabwino kwambiri.
Evgeny Anatolyevich, Stavropol Territory//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=739
Makamaka kum'mwera kulibe mitundu yambiri yabwino mochedwa. Mphesa wonse utadyedwa kale .... ndikufuna ... Chifukwa chake Moldova imasungidwa ndikulendewera chitsamba. Amachita malonda mpaka chaka chatsopano! Izi ndizabwino.
Andrey Viktorovich//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=147&start=270
Zachidziwikire, pali mitundu ina ya mochedwa, mauluso awo okha ndi omwe amakhala kutali ndi Moldova, mu 2016, m'misika, m'misika, sindinapeze chilichonse chabwino kuposa Moldova, lokoma ndi acidity yake (ndizovuta kuzitcha acidity)
Vardan, Krasnodar//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=147&start=270
M'malo a tsamba langa, Moldova ndi wodabwitsa. Ngakhale mu 2008, chaka chosasangalatsa cha viticulture, palibe chomwe chidatsala kuti chisungidwe - anadya chilichonse. Ndakhala ndikukula ndikukula pa doko komanso pa trellis. Pa trellis imadzuka pambuyo pake, pomwe mphamvu yakukula imapezekanso. Ngakhale kukalamba, ziyenera kukhala zodziwika bwino, chifukwa pa mphukira imodzi imapereka ma inflorescence 4. Ndikusiya inflorescence wotsika kwambiri, chotsani otsalawo - kotero pa mphukira za 3-4 ndikusintha wosabereka. Ndikulakalaka nonse mukuchita bwino polima Moldova!
Andrew, Yuzhnoukrainsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=739
Mphesa za tebulo Moldova ndi zabwino kukula mu nyengo ya Russia. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosavuta kusamalira ndipo zimapereka zokolola zabwino kwambiri. Mumangofunika kudula tchire pafupipafupi ndikuwadyetsa ndikuwamwetsa madzi. Palibenso chifukwa choopa kukoma kwa wowawasa wa zipatso - panthawi yosungirako amapeza kukoma.
