ChiJapanese Aucuba ndi chomera chotchuka chomwe chimamera m'munda komanso pakhomo. Wobzala aliyense amasangalala kusamalira mbewuyo. Pobwerera, azithokoza masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino, wamaluwa oyenda bwino komanso njira yosavuta yoberekera.
Aukuba, kapena mtengo wagolide, wobadwira m'nkhalango za East Asia, umamera kulikonse ku Japan, mapiri a Lesser Caucasus ndi Himalayas. Chomera chochepa chomwe chili ndi masamba osiyanasiyana.
Duwa loterera
Nkhani yamawonekedwe
M'kati mwa nyumba, duwa lidapezeka kale m'zaka za XVIII. Makamaka ndi chomera chotere, anthu okhala ku Japan anali ndi mwayi, pomwe amakula kulikonse, amatenga nawo mbali pachaka zochitika za pachaka. Kutumiza kwachikhalidwe kuchokera kudzikolo poyamba kunali koletsedwa - anthu anayesera kuteteza momwe angathere. Ngakhale pamenepo, anali kuyamikiridwa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zakuchiritsa zamatsenga.
Zambiri! Pamene, patapita kanthawi pang'ono, chomera chija chidawonekera ku Europe, zovuta zidachitika ndikusankha: duwa lokha lidali lachikazi, chachimuna chidayenera kupukutidwa. Robert Fortune, katswiri wazomera, patapita kanthawi, adakwanitsa kuti izi zitheke, ndipo nkhaniyi idathetsa.
Kufotokozera
Kufotokozera za chikhalidwe nthawi zonse kumayambira masamba a aucuba - korona wobiriwira wokongola wobiriwira ndi madontho agolide, ngati m'malovu azitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Ena adatcha mbewuyo "soseji" chifukwa adawona m'madontho ambiri kena kake kofanana ndi soseji.
Zofunika! Mitundu ina imakhala ndi masamba, pomwe shrub nthawi yomweyo imawoneka ngati sera. Mwa alimi a maluwa, mawonekedwe okongoletsa nthawi zambiri amakula.
Kuchiritsa katundu
Chomera cha aucuba sichili ndi mawonekedwe okongola okha. Pali zinthu zina zomwe zimapanga masamba zomwe zimabweretsa zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu komanso padziko lapansi.
- Kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya oyipa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'chipindacho,
- Kuwongolera kwa microflora ya mpweya kuzisonyezo zofunika,
- Wothandizira mwachangu anthu ovulala ndikuwotcha, zotupa ndi frostbite.
- Kupanga bata ndi mtendere kunyumba.
Tcherani khutu! Magawo onse a maluwa ali ndi poizoni, chifukwa chake, popanga Chinsinsi, muyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa.
Mitundu wamba
Mitundu yomwe imakonda kugulitsidwa:
- Hillieri
- Variegata,
- Goldiana,
- Crotonifolia,
- Dentata.
Crotonifolia
Aucuba Japonica Crotonifolia ndi chitsamba chopanda bwino chomwe chili ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka mamitala 3. Masamba ake ndi opepuka ndipo amatalika mpaka 20 cm. Maonekedwe a chikasu ndi osiyana ndi arotuba ya Crotonifolia, kotero zojambula zosavuta zimapezeka pa tsamba. Mtengowo uli ndi zofananira zachimuna ndi zachikazi. Zipatso pambuyo pa maluwa ndizofiyira komanso zosafunikira.
Shrub crotonifolia
Hillieri
Masamba amasiyana mitundu yaying'ono, monophonic, serase m'mphepete, zobiriwira zakuda.
Hillieri
Variegata
Masamba owala kwambiri, wobiriwira wopepuka. Kubalalika kwa golide kumaonekera.
Variegata
Goldiana
Zofanana kwambiri ndi Variegata, koma masamba ndi okulirapo pang'ono.
Goldiana
Dentata
Masamba amafanana ndi chikhalidwe cha Holly, wobiriwira wowala wokhala ndi m'mphepete.
Dentata
Kusamalira pakhomo
Kusamalira nyumba ku Aucuba kumaphatikizapo:
- Kuthirira
- Kudyetsa
- Mapangidwe a chitsamba chifukwa cha kudulira,
- Kupereka zofunika kuti mupumule.
Kutentha ndi kuyatsa
Duwa limakula bwino, zonse padzuwa komanso pamthunzi. Sakonda dzuwa lowala. Ngakhale pamthunzi, kuwala kwa masamba sikungakhudzidwe.
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa zinthuzo kuyenera kukhala madigiri 6-12, apo ayi masamba adzayamba kuda ndi kugwa.
Zofunika! Ndikwabwino kuyika mphikawo pawindo lakumpoto - sipadzakhala dzuwa lotentha, potero masamba amatetezedwa.
Kutsirira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chinyezi
Kutsirira ndikochuluka, koma osachulukitsa, makamaka nthawi yotentha komanso masika. Asanatsirire, dothi lapamwamba liyenera kupukuta pang'ono. Ngati madzi asonkhanitsa poto, ndiyofunika kuthira.
Sikoyenera kupopera chikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kupukuta masamba kuchokera kufumbi. Mchipinda chomwe duwa limakhala, chinyezi cholimba sichiloledwa.
Dothi komanso kuvala pamwamba
Posamalira aucuba, kuvala pamwamba ndikofunikira kwambiri - ndikuwongolera koyenera komanso kwakanthawi, masamba ake adzakhala owala komanso odala.
Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, feteleza amaperekedwa kamodzi pa sabata. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chovala chapamwamba chomwe chinagulidwa ku malo ogulitsa zokongoletsera, kamodzi pamwezi kuti mumvekere zinthu zomwe mumakonda - kuzimiririka. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa kuti mpweya ndi chinyezi zithe.
Panthawi yopuma
Chisamaliro cha Japan ku Aucuba kunyumba panthawi yokhala matalala ndi chosiyana. Njira zonse mmera zimatsitsidwa kapena ngakhale kuyimitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira mu Okutobala mpaka Okutobala:
- Duwa "limapumira" m'chipinda chotentha pang'ono,
- Kutentha kwa mpweya - kuchokera madigiri 8 mpaka 12,
- Kuthirira mosamala, lolani nthaka kuti iume,
- Kudyetsa sikofunikira.
Kudulira
Wokhala mu Marichi kuti apange korona wokongola ndikuchotsa mphukira zoyipa. Nthata zazing'onoting'ono zimafunikira kudina - chifukwa chake chimakhala korona wowala. Ngati nthambi zidadulidwa kuchokera pamwambapa, zimatha kupita kukafalitsa ngati phesi.
Maluwa
Amachokera ku Marichi mpaka Epulo, amuna ndi akazi anzawo.
Duwa
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya maluwa
Duwa la Aucuba ndi inflorescence yofewa yofiirira yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa mumantha. Musanafike maluwa, kugonana kwa mbewuyo kumakhala kovuta komanso kovuta kudziwa. Zipatso - zipatso zazing'ono, zimakhala lalanje kapena zofiira (siziyera komanso zabiriwira).
Chisamaliro chikusintha bwanji
Chisamaliro chimapitilira monga chikufunikira ndi kukula ndi changu: Mavalidwe apakati pa sabata ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Kuswana
Zimachitika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Zodula - zodula za chaka chatha zikugwiritsidwa ntchito,
- Mbewu
- Kuyala kwam'mlengalenga
- Mwa chinsalu.
Kunyumba, njira yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito njira yazomera ndikukula mizu.
Kumera kwa mbeu
Kufalitsa kwa Aucuba ndi njere nthawi zambiri kumapezeka panjira yopanda zinthu zachilengedwe, koma mitundu yobzalidwa siizikhala mwanjira iyi - pankhaniyi ndizovuta kupeza mbewu yabwino, chikhalidwe pachokha chimataya zonse.
Mizu yodula
Nthawi yoyenera kukolola imawonedwa kuti ndi Machi kapena kutha kwa chilimwe kapena chiyambi cha yophukira. Mphukira imadulidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, masamba 2-3 amakhalabe pomwepo. Muziviika mu dothi lokonzedwa, losalala bwino kapena dothi losakaniza. Phimbani chidebe ndi filimu yowonekera. Nthawi zambiri mpweya wabwino, utsi, sungani kutentha pa madigiri 20 mpaka 22. Pakatha milungu iwiri, imbani mbande mumphika wina.
Zodulidwa mizu
Mpweya wagona
Zigawo zimayamba kupanga nthambi zokhala ndi mizu ya mlengalenga m'munsi. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutaya nthambi, ndikuthiririra bwino. Posachedwa uzika mizu.
Thirani mutagula
Kuyika kwa Aucuba pambuyo pogula kumapangidwa mumphika wochepa. Ndikofunika kubzala mu gawo lapansi, dothi labwino pazomera zokongoletsera kapena osakanikirana ndi turf, nthaka yabwino ndi peat (1: 1: 2). Kubzala mmera kumachitika ndi dothi lonyowa pang'onopang'ono, lomwe pambuyo pake limafunika kupunthwa pang'ono.
Zofunika! Chikhalidwe sichikusowa zokaperekedwa pafupipafupi. Ngati duwa lakhwima, ndiye kuti ndikololedwa kuiwongola kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Mizu yake ndi yopyapyala komanso yocheperako, chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamachita.
Mavuto okula
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, aucub kwenikweni sabweretsa mavuto pakukula. Pali mfundo zina zofunika kuzisamalira.
Zomera zimadetsedwa
Kugwetsa masamba ndi masamba
Duwa silikhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira, motero limataya masamba kuti agawire ntchito yopatsa thanzi. Ndikofunika kusintha kuthirira.
Masamba amtundu
Mwachiwonekere, kuunikako kumakhala kowala mopitirira muyeso. Ndikofunikira kusunthira mumphika kuti ukhale mchenga.
Malangizo owuma
Kutsirira osakwanira ndi chinyezi. Choyamba, masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kenako owuma. Muyenera kuyatsa chinyezi kapena kupopera maluwa.
Kugwa kwa masamba
Palibe chakudya chokwanira. Pankhaniyi, masamba ang'onoang'ono poyamba, ndiye amayamba kugwa.
Tizilombo
Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyi imagwidwa ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbewuyo ndi kangaude. Vuto lina ndi kupindika.
Maonekedwe apamwamba komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zofunikira zimapangitsa aucuba (mtengo wagolide) chitsamba chofunikira pakati pa ena. Masamba owoneka bwino amawonekera padzuwa ndipo amatha kupoletsa kutentha ndi kutupa kwa khungu.
