Cactus Gymnocalicium - chisamaliro chakunyumba

Cactus hymnocalicium imadziwika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri pazomera zamaluwa. Nthawi zambiri cactus uyu amatchedwa "Japan", ngakhale malo omwe chomerachi ndi South America. Mitundu yoswana imakhala ndi mtundu wapadera, womwe umapezeka pambuyo pa kuchotsa kwa chlorophyll. Ndilo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe adapangitsa chomera ichi kutchuka pakati pa mafani a suppulents. Ndiosavuta kuyang'anira hymnocalycium ngati mukulenga bwino kuti mukule.

Kodi cactus hymnocalycium imawoneka bwanji?

Mtengowo ndi wa banja la a Cactus. Mu Latin, dzina loti Gymnocalicium limamasulira "chikho chopanda kanthu". Maluwa samakutidwa ndi tsitsi, koma amaphimbidwa ndi mamba osalala. Kutalika kwa thunthupo kumatha kukhala kosiyana ndi 1.5 mpaka 7. cm. Maluwa amatha kukhala ndi mthunzi wosiyana.

Mawonekedwe

Pali mitundu yopitilira 150 ya hymnocalicium yomwe ili ndi mafotokozedwe ofanana a botanical. Ichi ndi mbewu yachikale yokhala ndi mizu yolimba yomwe imalowera pansi. Gawo lakumwambalo lili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, ndipo khungu lenilenilo limakhala losalala kukhudza.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya hymnocalycium:

• Reduktum;
• Frederick kapena Japan;
• Baldianum kapena Balda;
• Mikhanovich;
• Horst.

Maonekedwe amodzi mwa mitundu

Palinso gulu logawanikiratu la mtunduwu, lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zingapo zomwe zimafanana ndi kukula kwake.

Mitundu wamba

Pazomera zamaluwa, mitundu yamitundu iyi ili ponseponse. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yambiri imasankhidwa kuti ikhale yolima zokongoletsera, yomwe pakati pake pali yotchuka kwambiri:

• Gymnocalycium Reductum (humpbacked) ndiye woimira wamkulu wamtunduwu. Ndi kukula, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa tsinde zimasintha. Chomera kuchokera pa mpira chimakula kukhala chowulungika, chomwe chimagawidwa ndi mizere. Reductum imatha kukula mpaka theka la mita. Ma spine amapezeka radially. Pamwamba pa gawo lililonse pali mtolo wokhala ndi miyala yayitali.
• Fryrich Gymnocalycium (Albiflorum). Kuchita bwino kumalandiridwa chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa obereketsa ku Japan motero ali ndi dzina lachiwiri: Japan Gimnokalitsium. Pambuyo pochotsa chlorophyll, tsinde la mbewu lidayamba kusintha mtundu - utoto, burgundy, ofiira, wachikaso. Maonekedwe amakopa ndi chiyambi chake. Koma wosakanizidwa sangathe kukula yekha, uyenera kumanikizidwa kumtengo wina.
• Gymnocalycium baldianum - ku Russia imakonda kutchedwa Balda Gymnocalycium. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ngati mpira wopendekera wa utoto wonyezimira. Kutalika kwa thunthu kumafikira 10cm ndipo mulifupi masentimita 9. Baldianum Gymnocalycium imakutidwa ndi mizere, yomwe, pamene akukula, amasintha kukhala "ma tubercles". Pamwamba pa gawo lililonse pali singano. Kutengera ndi prefix, mtundu wa masamba udatsimikiza - Kla, Yellow.
• Horst Gymnocalycium imafika kutalika masentimita 20. Tsinde limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira wothambalala wa mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Panthawi ya maluwa, mutha kuwona duwa la pinki, lilac kapena mtundu wa kirimu.
• Gymnocalycium mihanovichii imakhala yolimba masentimita 5 ndi ma protstion okhala ngati mawonekedwe. M'mphepete mwake pali mafunde omwe amasintha mawonekedwe a mlengalenga. Pamwamba pa zitunda pali ma spine owala omwe amapezeka radially okha. Duwa limakhala lobiriwira bwino, nthawi zina pamakhala masamba obiriwira.

Maonekedwe a Friedrich

• Aqua Dulce ndi mtundu wahymnocalycium, womwe umadziwika ndi phesi lamphamvu kwambiri. Pamwamba pa ziwalo zam'mlengalenga mulibe ma spine osowa.
• Gymnocalycium denudatum ndi mtundu wocheperako. Kutalika kwa tsinde sikupitirira 30 mm kutalika, ndipo mainchesi ndi 80 mm. Maonekedwe a gawo la mlengalenga ndi mpira womwe umapangidwa pamwamba. Pa nthawi ya maluwa, amatulutsa masamba ang'onoang'ono angapo oyera.
• Damsy ndiyophatira chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa (kutalika 20 mm, mainchesi - 50 mm). Imakhala ndi mtengo wokulira wowoneka bwino wobiriwira ndi singano zokutira mbali.
• Gymnocalycium ragonesii ndi kakang'ono kamene kali ndi tsinde lobiriwira. Pamwamba pa gawo lakutsogolo la Ragoneso mulibe mizere yowonekera bwino, yomwe imakutidwa ndi minga.
• Gymnocalycium quehlianum (Kvela) - yopanda kutalika masentimita 10. Mtundu wa m'mlengalenga ndi wobiriwira. Pakatuluka, duwa limapaka utoto wofiirira bwino kwambiri.
• Gymnocalycium spegazzinii ili ndi mbali yooneka ngati mbiya, yomwe imapangidwa utoto wonyezimira. Chitsacho chimagawidwa nthiti ndi areoles. Amakhala ndi mapiko otalika a 5-7 mm.

Maonekedwe a Ruduktum

Cactus Gimnocalicium Remix ndi gulu la mitundu ingapo yaying'ono. Pakatikati pa mitengo yamtengo wapatali simapitilira 50 mm. "Sakanizani" nthawi zambiri mumabzala m'chidebe chimodzi, ndikupanga mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chakunyumba

Ngati tizinena za mitundu iyi ya cacti, kuphatikizapo njira yosakanikirana ya hymnocalicium, chisamaliro cha kunyumba sichovuta kwambiri. Ukadaulo waulimi umaphatikizapo kuwongolera kuzowonetsa zazikulu - kuthilira, kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuyatsa. Ngati mumasamalira bwino gulu la mbewu, ndiye kuti mu nthawi yake mutha kuyang'ana maluwa, ndipo thunthu lokha lidzakulanso.

Kutentha

Maluwa siwotengera kutentha, koma dziko lakwawo ndi South America, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti liyenera kutentha. Nthawi zosiyanasiyana pachaka, ma suppletents amakula pamawonekedwe osiyanasiyana:

• M'chilimwe, kutentha kulikonse ndi koyenera.
• M'nyengo yozizira - + 8-12 madigiri Celsius, ena amafunikira kutentha kwa + 15-18 ° C.
• Mikhanovich cactus nthawi yachisanu imatha kumera pa +5 ° C.

Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kochepa kwambiri, mbewuyo imafa.

Kuwala

Chomera chimafuna kuyatsa kwabwino. Dzuwa lolunjika silikuyenera kugwera pa tsinde, apo ayi kuwoneka ngati mawanga a bulauni kumawoneka pakhungu. Chipindacho chizikhala ndi mpweya wokwanira.

Cactus panja

Ngati kuwala kwadzuwa kolowera pazenera, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwabalalitsa kapena kuwachotsa mumphikawo kwa maola angapo pamalo abwino.

Kuthirira

Kutsirira kumachitika pafupifupi kawiri pamwezi. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuuma kwa nthaka. Gwiritsani ntchito muthiroyi mutha kukhazikitsa madzi firiji yokha.

Kuthirira

Pa maluwa, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumatha kuchuluka.

Kuwaza

Musasunthire tsinde la cactus nthawi iliyonse. Madzi kulowa mu mlengalenga kungayambitse kuvunda. Kupatula komwe ndi "kusamba" komwe kumaphatikizapo chithandizo.

Chinyezi

Chinyezi nthawi yachilimwe sichiyenera kulamulidwa, koma sichiyenera kukhala 100%.

M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 70%. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imayamba kuvunda. Kuti mukhale chinyezi chobisika m'chipindacho, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.

Dothi

Dothi la cactus ndi chisakanizo cha humus, nthaka ya sod, peat, mchenga. Zigawo zonse zimatengedwa chimodzimodzi.

Konzani gawo lapansi

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi pamwezi nthawi yakula. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza aliyense nkoletsedwa. Ma feteleza achilengedwe, momwe mulibe zinthu zachilengedwe, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mavalidwe apamwamba. Zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala ndi nayitrogeni pang'ono.

Zomwe zimasamalidwa nthawi yachisanu, nthawi yopuma

Gymnocalycium ndi maluwa, chisamaliro chomwe nthawi yachisanu chimafunikira kupangidwa kwa zinthu zapadera. Zomwe muyenera kulabadira:

• Kutsirira kumachepetsedwa 1 nthawi pamwezi. Mitundu ina sikufuna kuthiriridwa madzi konse.
• Mu nthawi yozizira, muyenera kuchepetsa chinyezi cha mpweya.
• Iyenera kusunthidwa kupita kuchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha osachepera +15 ° С.
• Ngati mbewuyo ilibe kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti matenda amatha kuonekera, ndiye kuti nthawi zina kuyika kwounikira kokumba kumafunikira.

Palibenso zina zomwe zimasamalidwa nthawi yachisanu. Nthawi yakumapeto itatha, zokoma ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso mundende zomwe zikuyenera kukhala mndende.

Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani

Gymnocalycium blooms ali ndi zaka 2-3. Mitundu ina imayamba kuponya masamba pambuyo pa zaka 5. Zomera zimatha kuphuka pachaka, koma mitundu ina imangokhala nthawi 2-3 zokha.

Kumera kokoma

Maluwa amayamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Epulo ndipo njirayi imapitirira mpaka kugwa.

Mphukira imawonekera mkati mwa thunthu kuchokera ku dzuwa. Maluwa amatulutsa patatha masiku 10 mpaka 14 atamera. Kutalika kwa nthawi yophukira ndi masiku 10.

Ngati pachimake mugwa, ndiye kuti masamba ake sanaphuke. Chisokonezo choterechi chitha kuwoneka chifukwa cha kuyatsa kwabwino kwambiri.

Momwe cactus hymnocalycium imafalira

Cactus ikhoza kufalikira kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi kapena mbewu. Chisankho chilichonse chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mfundo ya chisamaliro ndi njira yake yomwe. Njira yosavuta yolera yoberekera ndiyo kusinthanitsa ndi njira ina yozindikira kapena yoyambira. Mbeu zophuka ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imafunikira kuti zinthu zina zikwaniritsidwe.

Kumera kwa mbeu

Kufalikira kwa kumera kwa mbewu kumadziwika kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, koma cacti yomwe imakula mwanjira iyi imakana zovuta zilizonse. Ndikofunikira kukonza bokosi lakuya 2-5 masentimita, kutsanulira gawo lamchenga woonda ndi peat mu beseni.

Nthaka ikayamba kuzirala, muyenera kuyika njere mtunda wa 2-3 masentimita kuchokera kwina ndikuwaza pang'ono ndi dothi losakaniza. Nthaka yomwe ili m'bokosi iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse. Sungani chinyezi chofunikira ndi botolo la utsi. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa +20 ° С.

Pakatha masiku pafupifupi 10, mbande zimatuluka. Kuika mbande zotere ndikotheka pokhapokha zaka 1-2.

Magawo oyambira

Kuchulukitsa hymnocalycium pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi zotsogola, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:

1. Gawanitsani njirazi ndi munthu wamkulu.
2. Iikeni pa thaulo la pepala ndikumauma pamalo amdima kwa tsiku limodzi.
3. Konzani mphika wa dothi lamchenga.
4. Kanikizani tsinde kulowa m'nthaka kuti isagwere.

Motsatira njira zaminyewa

Pakangotha ​​masiku 14, zowonjezera zake zili ndi mizu. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi mu nthawi ya kasupe, pomwe mbewuyo ilowa mu gawo lazomera.

Thirani

Nthawi zina njira zoyambira zimawonekera. Ali ndi mizu pafupi ndi chomera cha mayi. Kupatukana kumachitika panthawi ya kufalikira.

Thirani mbewu

Ndikofunikira kupatula mizu mosamala ndikubzala mphukira mumphika ndi dothi. Gawo lapansi limagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi ngati chomera chachikulu.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Chifukwa cha zolakwika za duwa, nthata ya kangaude, yowola kapena mealybug ikhoza kugunda. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndikulimbana nawo ndizosiyanasiyana:

• Spider nthata zimangoyambira pazomera zazing'ono. Malo owuma ndi "dzimbiri" amawonekera pakhungu. Chimawonekera chifukwa chinyezi chochepa. Kuti muchotse tizilombo, muyenera kuthana ndi kacusus ndi yankho la madzi ndi mowa, ndipo pamapeto pake ndikofunikira kuti mpweya ukhale mchipindacho.
• Mealybug yamera pa mizu ndi thunthu. Ngati palibe maluwa, ndipo duwa lokha limakula pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti vutoli lili mu mealybug. Kuti muchepetse tizilombo, muyenera kukumba chomera ndikutsuka mizu ndi thunthu pansi pamadzi otentha.
• Zowola zimachitika chifukwa chothirira kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kukumba cactus, kuchotsa njira zowola za mizu. Finyani magawo okhala ndi mpweya woyambitsa. Ndipo kenako nthaka yatsopano, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Spider mite

Ngati mumatsatira malingaliro osamalidwa, ndiye kuti mavuto omwe ali ndi tizirombo samakula. Zomera zina zokhala ndi kachilombo zimatha kukhala zokhazo zomwe zimawonekera.

Choyimira maluwa

Mutha kukongoletsa nyumbayo ndi zomera zachilendo kuchokera ku banja la Cactus, zomwe ndi zamtundu wa Gymnocalycium. Cactus sikutanthauza chisamaliro chapadera chokha, chimawoneka chosawoneka bwino. Mitundu yowala ya mitengo ikuluikulu ndi maluwa, zachilengedwe zamtunduwu, zimawapangitsa kukhala "mafumu" achikhalidwe chamaluwa chamkati. Ndikotheka kuphatikiza mitundu ina kwa akulu kale.