Barberry - kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Zipatso zofiira za barberry motsutsana ndi masamba obiriwira amawoneka okongola komanso okongola. Kuchokera pamenepo mutha kukulitsa hedge wokongola kapena kumakongoletsa ndi nthambi za mpanda, gazebo, khoma la nyumbayo. Barberry wamba (Berberis vulgari) samakula chifukwa chongokongoletsa, komanso chifukwa zipatso zake zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri.

Kufotokozera kwa barberry: Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka

Barberry ndi chomera chomwe chili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 500-600. Amasiyana mosiyanasiyana kukula kwa chitsamba, kutalika kwa nthambi, utoto ndi mawonekedwe a masamba. Zipatso zimatha kukhalanso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira, achikaso, lalanje, ofiirira, burgundy. Pali mabulosi osatha ndi pachaka, amtali komanso opindika. Mitundu yolimidwa idalengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri yazomera.

Zipatso zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka:

• Evergreen (wamba) - chitsamba chamtali yokutidwa ndi masamba aatali, owonda, obiriwira. Samagwa m'dzinja, koma nthawi ya masika, pomwe zatsopano zimamera. Chomera chimapirira chisanu mpaka 35 ° C. Chitsamba chimalekerera bwino nthaka yopanda chonde ndi mpweya wodetsedwa. Mitundu yodziwika bwino: Alba (masamba otchedwa fluffy ndi zipatso zoyera) ndi Lutea (zipatso zachikasu, amakula bwino kokha).
• Thunberg Barberry ndi chitsamba chomwe chimamera kuthengo ku Japan ndi China. Masamba a barberry amatha kupaka utoto wofiirira, wachikasu, wobiriwira ndi lalanje. Ndi odzichepetsa kwambiri: imalekerera chisanu mosavuta, chilala, kusowa kwa feteleza komanso ngakhale kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya.
• Tibetan - mtengo wamtali wotambalala umakula mpaka mamita 3.5-4. Zipatso zofiira zimawoneka m'malo mwa maluwa ofiirira. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amatha kupindika kukhala udzu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Goji Shambhala. Ichi ndi chitsamba chokutira ndi minga. Zipatso zake - zipatso za goji - zimagwira polimbana ndi matenda ambiri. Shrub amakula ku Tibet, North India, East China.
• Amursky ndi mtengo wamtunda wa 2-3.5 m wokhala ndi mawonekedwe, koma osati korona wobiriwira wowala wobiriwira ndi maluwa achikasu. Amakhala ku Far East.
• Ottawa - chitsamba chofiyira-chofiira chokhala ndi korona wakufalikira. Pali mbewu zokhala ndi masamba ofiirira, ofiira komanso amtambo wakuda. Zosiyanasiyana: Aurikoma (masamba a burgundy okhala ndi siliva tint), Superba (zipatso zofiira ndi masamba ofiirira) ndi Silver Miles (maluwa achikasu ndi ofiira, masamba ofiirira-burgundy). Mtengowu nthawi zambiri umalima ku Urals ndi Siberia.
• Korea ndi chitsamba chaching'ono chomwe chimamera pamwala. Imakutidwa ndi mipini yayitali, yolimba. Masamba akulu obiriwira, okhala ngati dzira, amasandulika ofiira pakapeto. Pa chitsamba, zipatso zofiirira zofiira zimapsa.

Chitsamba chofiirira

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya barberry ya Thunberg, yosiyana kwambiri ndi inzake:

• Khola ndi chitsamba chowongoka cha mawonekedwe a piramidi, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 120-150. Maluwa achikasu ndi ofiira amawoneka pakati korona wakuda.
• Coronite - mtengo wotalika masentimita 150, nthambi zimakonzedwa molunjika. Masamba ndi ofiira, okhala ndi malire obiriwira. M'malo mwa maluwa achikasu zipatso zofiira zimamangidwa.
• Golden Rocket - masamba obiriwira achikasu, maluwa ndi zipatso zachikaso. Imakula mpaka masentimita 120 kutalika.
• Kusilira - chitsamba mpaka kutalika kwa 50 cm, chimakula m'lifupi mpaka mita 1. Masamba ake ndi achikaso, ofiira, a lalanje owoneka bwino ndi malire oyera kuzungulira m'mbali.
• Atropurpurea - masamba ofiirira amapanga korona wopaka. Maluwa achikasu akutulutsa maluwa, zipatso za matanthwe zimapezeka m'malo mwake.
• Harlequin - masamba ofiirira amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga oyera. M'litali mwake chitsamba ndi lofanana kutalika kwake (2x2 m).

Thunberg Barberry

Malo okula, dothi

M'dera lokhazikika, mutha kukula mitundu ndi mitundu iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, barberry wamba. Kukulitsa ndi chisamaliro chidzafunika kulimbikira, kudekha, chisamaliro. Moyo wamtsogolo wa chomera chimatengera mtundu wapadziko lapansi. Olima maluwa a Novice nthawi zambiri samadziwa momwe angakhalire barberry, malo oti asankhe, momwe angakonzere dothi.

Muyenera kusankha malo pomwe pansi pamadzi pakuya. Chomera sichimakonda dothi lonyowa, choncho muyenera ngalande zabwino. Dothi la dothi la asidi (pH) limatha kusintha magombe 4 mpaka 8. Magombe onyentchera, madera okhala ndi nthaka yotayirira, loam, ndi miyala yamiyala momwe mulibe malo ocheperako pang'ono.

Tsambali likuyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu komanso kukonzekera. Chomera chimafuna kuwala kambiri, ndiye kuti chitsamba chimamera msanga, masamba ake amakhala owala komanso owondera, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zokoma kwambiri. Pamalo otetezedwa pafupi ndi barberry, mizu imakulira kwambiri, ndibwino kuti ndikasendeza chitsamba chofuna kubereka kwakanthawi kochepa.

Kudzala barberry wakunja

Ambiri amalota za kukula barberry mdziko muno. Kubzala panja ndi chisamaliro kumafunikira malingaliro abwino. Muyenera kusankha malo abwino, pezani mbande zathanzi ndikukonza dothi. Kubzala barberry kumachitika mu nyengo yotentha mchaka masika asanatseguke. Mu nthawi yophukira (mpaka pakati pa Okutobala), mbande zokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka zimatha kuzika mizu.

Momwe mungabzalire barberry:

1. Kumbani dzenje 40 cm mozama ndi mulifupi womwewo. Pazingwe, kukumba ngalande yakuya masentimita 40.
2. Pansi, kuthira mchenga, miyala, dongo kapena miyala yayikulu yokwanira pafupifupi 10 cm.
3. Kenako ikani chisakanizo cha dothi la manyowa, kompositi, humus (8-10 makilogalamu) ndi superphosphate (100 g). Ngati pH ya dothi ili pafupi ndi acidic, muyenera kuwonjezera phulusa lamatabwa (200 g) ndi laimu ya hydrate (400 g) pamsanganizo uwu.
4. Yendetsani msomali wamatabwa ngati thandizo.
5. Pambuyo masabata awiri ndi atatu, ikani mmera m'dzenje ndikuwaza ndi lapansi. Khosi la mizu liyenera kupita pansi mpaka pakuya masentimita 3-4.
6. Pukuta dothi, kuthirira ndikuwaza ndi udzu, masamba owuma kapena peat.
7. Chepetsa pamwamba pa mmera, kusiya masamba atatu.

Kubzala tchire lakunja

Kulima mbewu

Barberry akhoza kubzala kuchokera ku mbewu, koma ndi ntchito yayitali komanso yopweteka. Zimatenga zaka 2-3 kukula mmera kuchokera pambewu, ndipo 2040% yokha ya mbewu zonse zofesedwa. Ndikofunika kubzala baka zingapo, chifukwa adzafunika kupukutidwa.

Momwe mungakulire barberry ku mbewu:

1. Sonkhanitsani zipatso zakupsa, peelanani ndi zamkati.
2. Sambani mbeu m'madzi ndikuyika njira ya potaziyamu ya potaziyamu kwa mphindi 20.
3. Sambani ndi kupukutanso.
4. Sakanizani njere ndi mchenga wonyowa ndikuwasunga kufikira kumapeto kwa firiji kutentha kwa +3 ° C.
5. M'mwezi wa Epulo, udzu ndi kumasula nthaka m'mundamo.
6. Kukula ma grooves 3 cm kuya, kubzala mbewu ndikuwaza ndi dothi.
7. Patulani nthambi zamtundu uliwonse ukaphukira masamba awiri. Siyani mbande zamphamvu zokha. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala wosachepera 3 cm.
8. Chaka chamawa, zikumera zimasinthidwira kumalo ena ambiri. Kuti zipatsozi ziziwoneka, chitsamba chiyenera kumezanitsidwa, koma izi siziyenera kuchitika pasanathe zaka ziwiri.

M'dzinja, mbewu zimafesedwa m'mundamo mutangomaliza kupha matendawo.

Kukula zitsamba kwa mbewu

Kuthirira ndikumasulira nthaka

Mutabzala mbewu kapena mbande, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe angasamalire mabulosi. Izi sizitengera kuyesetsa kwakukulu ndipo sizitenga nthawi yayitali. Kusamalira bwino barberry kumachepetsedwa kuthirira panthawi yake, kudulira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba komanso kumasula dothi.

Barberry amathiriridwa kokha munthawi yotentha, youma. Zomera sizifa, ngakhale dziko lapansi litazimiririka kwakanthawi kochepa. Kamodzi pa sabata, madzi ofunda amathiridwa pansi pa muzu. Iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi sichimafikira masamba.

Kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse, nthaka pafupi ndi mizu imayenera kumasulidwa ndi miyala yaying'ono. Izi zimapereka mwayi wofikira mpweya kumizu ndikuwalola kuti apume. Muyeneranso kumera.

Njira zofalitsira barberry

Njira zazikulu zothandizira kubereka ndi kudula, kugawa, kugawa chitsamba. Barberry samakonda kubereka ndi mbewu: iyi ndi njira yosakwanira.

Momwe mungagawere chitsamba:

1. Mu nthawi yophukira kapena yophukira, kukumba chitsamba chomwe chili ndi mizu yambiri yathanzi. Patulani nthambi ndi mizu mosiyanasiyana.
2. Dulani phokoso lakumanzere ndi pruner wopopera. Nthawi yomweyo azichotsa zodulidwazo ndi mpweya wofukizidwayo wopondeka matope.
3. Bzalani mitengo iwiri yatsopano pansi.

Kufalikira kwa odulidwa:

1. Chapakatikati, kudula ochepa okhwima, koma osati nthambi zakale.
2. Chotsani masamba am'munsi kwa iwo.
3. Konzani gawo lapansi: sakanizani peat ndi mchenga ndikuwanyowa.
4. Bzalani zodulidwa mu gawo lapansi mpaka akuya masentimita atatu.
5. Ikani zodula mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mutha kuwaphimba ndi botolo la pulasitiki. Sayenera kuuma, chifukwa amayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse.
6. Zidula zikazika mizu, zibzalidwe panthaka.

Kubalana mwa masanjidwe. Kufotokozera kwa Njira:

1. Kokani pansi mbali yayikulu mphukira.
2. Kuwaza ndi malo m'malo angapo.
3. Mizu yake ikawoneka, chitsamba chatsopano chimadulidwira kuchitsamba cham'mera ndikuzika kwina.

Ndikwabwino kufalitsa mbewuyo ndikadula ndi kuyala, koma osati mbewu

Kudyetsa ndi kumuika

M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, simufunikira kudyetsa mbewuyo. Barberry wamkulu ayenera kumezeredwa 2 pachaka. Chapakatikati, kuvala pamwamba kumawonjezeredwa, kukhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu mwachitsanzo, 10 l lamadzi + 20-30 g wa urea. Mukugwa, phosphorous ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu adzafunika: 15 superphosphate ndi 10 g wa potashi. Kubwereza kudya kumachitika osati kale kuposa zaka 4-5.

Mutha kudyetsa chitsamba kamodzi pachaka - mkati mwa Julayi. Kuti muchite izi, kutsanulira njira ya Kemira Universal wagalimoto pansi pazu: mufunika 15 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi.

Kudulira barberry

Chapakatikati, nthambi za chitsamba zomwe zidapulumuka nthawi yozizira zimadulidwa pakati. Kenako, m'chilimwe (pakati pa Julayi kapena koyambirira kwa Ogasiti), ndikofunikira kuchita tsitsi lopaka tsitsi - chotsani nthambi zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zopanda mphamvu. Korona wa mbewuyi amatha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe aliwonse.

Kufalitsa korona chitsamba

Zambiri zimatengera momwe barberry amakula msanga. Nthambi zikamakula mwachangu, nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kufupikitsidwa. Mphukira za barberry Thunberg amakula pang'onopang'ono, kotero samakonda kumeta.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Barberry ndi chomera chosalemera bwino chokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Komabe, iyenera kutetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi kupewa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Njira zothetsera tizirombo ndi matenda:

• Dzimbiri kapena malo owoneka - amakhudza masamba. Ndikofunikira kuchitira korona ndi fungicides, mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux madzi.
• Powdery mildew - yoyeretsa mawanga ndi zotupa pamasamba. Korona ndi nthambi zimathandizidwa ndi fungicides. Yankho la Fundazole ndilothandiza kwambiri: 20 g pa 10 l yamadzi.
• Ma nsabwe za m'masamba, mavuu, njenjete - mankhwala ophera tizilombo adzafunika pochotsa izi tizilombo.

Nthawi yamaluwa ndi chisamaliro pambuyo

Woyang'anira m'munda aliyense akufuna kuwona maluwa ake, motero ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yomwe barberry amatulutsa. Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena chilimwe. Mtundu uliwonse wamtundu ndi wamaluwa osiyanasiyana munthawi yake. Kutalika kwa maluwa kumasiyananso. Mwachitsanzo, barberry ya Thunberg yamaluwa kwa masiku 12 mu Juni. Pafupifupi, m'mitundu yambiri, maluwa amatenga mkatikati mwa Meyi ndipo amatenga pafupifupi masiku 20. Pakadali pano, chomera sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera.

Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi maluwa achikasu

Ngati barberry sikhala pachimake ndipo alibe zipatso, muyenera kukumbukira ngati kubzala kunachitika molondola, ngati malingaliro onse osamalidwa adatsatiridwa.

Momwe mungakonzekerere kuzizira

Chomera chimayenera kutetezedwa kwa nthawi yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, chitsamba chimadulidwa ndikumangidwa kuchokera kumbali zonse ndi agrofibre kapena kutulutsa kwina. Mitundu yambiri, kupatula Thunberg barberry, ndi okwanira kuphimba ndi nthambi za fir (lapnik). Tsegulani chomeracho nyengo yamasika nyengo ikatha kutentha.

Kwa nthawi yozizira, chitsamba chija chimaphimbidwa ndi nsalu yokuta yopanda nsalu

Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake

Chitsamba chokongoletsera bwino chimakongoletsa mundawo. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (yomwe imasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya chaka) ndi mitundu imalola mbewu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kupangira mawonekedwe okongola a malo. Masamba a Crohn amatha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe osangalatsa. Dingalo lidzakhala chokongoletsera mpanda, mphero kapena khoma la nyumbayo.

Mabasi amatha kudulidwa ndikupanga nyimbo zamitundu kuchokera kwa iwo.

Zothandiza katundu

Zipatso za mbewu zimakhala ndi zopindulitsa zambiri. Muli mavitamini A, E, C, acid acid, mchere. Zipatso za barberry zimathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchiritsa zikwapu, kumachepetsa kutupa ndikuchotsa majeremusi m'thupi.

Kuchokera zipatso, mutha kupanga compote, madzi, madzi kapena zakudya. Zipatso zokhwima zokha zimayenera kukolola, chifukwa zipatso zosapsa ndi zapoizoni. Decoctions amakonzedwanso kuchokera ku makungwa ndi mizu ya barberry.

Kuchiritsa decoctions, kulowetsedwa, tiyi amakonzedwa kuchokera ku zipatso

Mankhwala ali ndi zotsutsana. Ma infusions ndi decoctions a barberry sayenera kumwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a ndulu, matenda a chiwindi ndi magazi. Zipatso za mbewu siziyenera kudyedwa ndi ana osakwana zaka 12 ndi amayi apakati.

Barberry m'munda azikongoletsa kanyumba kalikonse kazilimwe. Olima minda ambiri amaukonda chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, zipatso zake zokoma komanso zopatsa thanzi, komanso chifukwa chodzisamalira.