Mbewu za Bonsai - nyumba zokulira

Zojambula za Bonsai zidachokera ku Japan ndi China. Poyamba, mitengo yaying'ono idalimidwa ndi amonke achi Buddha, koma patapita nthawi, zosinthika zachilendo zidadutsidwa. Masiku ano, mafani amiyala yaying'ono, mitengo ya pine ndi linden amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe kubzala mitengo ndikotheka ndi mbewu.

Mitundu yodziwika ya mitengo yokulira

Kutanthauzira kwenikweni, zojambula za bonsai zimatanthawuza "kukula mu thireyi." Zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze zolemba zazing'ono zamitengo wamba, conifers ndi deciduous chifukwa chodulira, kudulira mphukira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gawo losauka muzinthu zaz mchere. Kupanga munda wapadera wazomera zazing'ono kuchokera 2 mpaka 110 masentimita okwera, mitengo yokhala ndi kukula yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mtengo wa Bonsai udzakhala chokongoletsera chapadera m'chipinda chilichonse

Pali magulu angapo azomera omwe angabzalidwe kakang'ono:

1. Zomera zotsika kwambiri ndizitali 9 mpaka 20 cm. Ichi ndi juniper, spruce, irga.
2. 20-30 masentimita Kutalika kwa barberry, paini, mapulo ndi koyenera.
3. Kufikira masentimita 30-70. Awa ndi pine wamba, birch, hazel.
4. Mitengo mpaka 60-100 cm. Sankhani thundu, larch, pine wakuda.
5. Oimira apamwamba kwambiri, opitilira masentimita 100. Mwanjira iyi, mthethe, ma chestnuts, mitengo ya ndege imakulidwa.

Zomera zabwino kwambiri za mbewu bonsai ndi mtengo wa tsabola kapena zanctoxylum, mbewu yobiriwira nthawi zonse yokhala ndi makungwa amdima ndi masamba akulu a zipatso za korosi omwe amatulutsa fungo labwino. Zoyenerera bwino kupanga ntchito zaluso.

Kusintha pang'ono kwa mtengo wa maolivi kumawonekeranso koyambirira, ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuti oyamba ayambe kugwira ntchito. Mtengowu umakhala ndi makungwa amtundu wachilendo, nthawi yamaluwa imapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe - chiyambi cha yophukira.

Mutha kukula bonsai kuchokera ku mtengo uliwonse

Kusanthula ndi malamulo a kumera

Mbeu za Bonsai zimatha kukonzedwa pomera m'njira zingapo. Kukhazikitsa mbewu kumera kumatchedwa stratization.

Njira yozizira

Njira imasankhidwa pomwe mbewu za bonsai zikufunika kupsa. Iyenera kwa thuja, pine, spruce wabuluu. Kutsata kwa tsatane-tsatane wa zochita kuli motere:

1. Kuthira nthangala m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 24.
2. Sungitsani mbewu mufiriji. Nthawi yowonetsera kuzizira imadalira mitundu. Kwa mitundu yam'mwera yamwera imatha pafupifupi masiku 60, kumpoto - mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kupanga dontho la kutentha ofanana ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'chilengedwe.

M'malo mwa firiji, amaloledwa kuyika mbewu ya bonsai mu dothi lozizira, monga perlite kapena mchenga wonyowa. Pambuyo pa izi, zotengera zimasinthidwa kupita kuchipinda chozizira, koma chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, mwachitsanzo, khonde.

Kuyang'ana njere zimachitika kawiri pamwezi, zowola ndi kutayidwa, kumazidwa zibzalidwe nthawi yomweyo.

Kupatuka koyenera ndikutsimikizira kuti mutha kumera mtengo wokongola

Kutenthetsa bwino

Cholinga chachikulu cha ndondomekoyi ndi kudzutsa mbewu za bonsai. Njira yofunikira ndi chinyezi 70%, kutentha - +20 ℃. Imachitika m'njira zingapo:

1. Mbewu zimayikidwa pakati pazigawo za minofu yonyowa ndikuyikidwa pamalo owoneka bwino pomwe ziphukira zimawonekera.
2. M'malo mopukuta, ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chinkhupule chonyowa kapena gawo lapansi la coconut.

Kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, mawonekedwe ake amaphimbidwa ndi filimu.

Kuphatikiza kusakanikirana

Chifukwa chake, kubzala mbewu za mkungudza ndi mapulo, sakura ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukula zimachitika. Kutalikirana kotereku kumaphatikizana ndi kusintha kwa kuzizira ndi kutentha. Pa gawo loyamba, mbewu za bonsai zimayikidwa m'madzi ozizira kapena kutengedwa mu chipinda chozizira. Ndipo atatsala pofika - kutentha madzi. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi kumera mbewu.

Kukula bonsai kuchokera ku mbewu ndi luso, koma ngati mungafune, aliyense angathe kuidziwa bwino

Nthaka ndi chidebe chokulitsa bonsai

Poganizira momwe mungakulitsire bonsai kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba, ndizosatheka kunyalanyaza malamulo osankha dothi. Njira yosankhidwa kwambiri ndi mchenga wowuma, womwe kale amawotcha mu uvuni. Chitani izi:

1. Mchenga umatsukidwa m'madzi angapo.
2. Thirani wosalala woonda papepala lophika.
3. Ikani mu uvuni kwa mphindi 30 kutentha kwa 180 ℃.

Kubzala mbewu za bonsai, dothi lobowola lomwe limasunga chinyontho bwino ndiloyenera. Humus imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pobzala; nthaka ya heather yokhala ndi acidity yambiri ndiyabwino kwambiri.

Kwa ma conifers, ma singano pang'ono amtundu wa chomera chosankhidwa amawonjezedwa panthaka. Gawo lomwelo lokha ndi losakanizika ndi dothi lamasamba, mchenga ndi humus. Mitengo yowola imakula bwino pamadongo osakanizidwa ophatikizidwa ndi lava ndi pumice. Zipatso za zipatso zimakhala zomasuka pakuphatikizidwa kwa dothi lamtambo ndi kompositi, zotengedwa muyezo wa 1: 1.

Musanabzale mbeu za bonsai, muyenera kusankha mphika. Mitundu ya Coniferous ndiyoyenera mitundu yosalala, ndi mitengo yokhala ndi korona wosakhwima - chowunga kapena chozungulira. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi thunthu lamphamvu kwambiri, ndiye kuti imapeza chonde patali. Oimira maluwa ndi mizu yotseguka azikhala ndi chidebe chopapatiza koma chachikulu.

Zinthu zomwe zili mumphikawo zitha kukhala chilichonse: zadongo, dongo, galasi, ngakhale nkhuni. Koma ndikwabwino kukana pulasitiki yotsika mtengo - sizimasiyana pakadutsa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mitengo ya bonsai samazindikira kupatsirana.

Utoto ndi zokongoletsera zimatengera zofuna za mwini, koma osagula chotengera chokongoletsedwa bwino - zimasokoneza chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchokera. Chisankho choyenera cha bonsai ndi thanki yopepuka. Zomera zobzalidwa mumphika wakuda, wakuda, ngakhale mapinki apinki.

Mphika wamtengo wa bonsai ukhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo

Zambiri zofesa mbewu ndi chisamaliro chomera

Kubala kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika kapena nthawi yotentha, timaloledwa m'mwezi woyamba yophukira. Gawo laling'ono limathiridwa mu chidebe chosankhidwa kuti pafupifupi 2.5 masentimita amakhalabe m'mphepete. Kenako, nthangala zam'mimba zimagawika dothi lokonzekera mzere. Amawazidwa ndimchenga wowonda, kenako ndikuphwanyidwa ndi bwalo wamatabwa ndikuthiriridwa bwino.

Kenako, chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi kanema kapena thumba ndikuchichotsa kumalo amdima (kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa +14 ℃).

Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mphukira, filimuyo imachotsedwa, ndipo miphika imasakanikirana m'malo opepuka, pansi pa nyali kapena pawindo. Mapangidwe a mbande - kuchotsedwa kwa 2/3 ya muzu waukulu - ikuchitika mu miyezi 2-3. Kutalika kwa thunthu la bonsai kukafika masentimita 10, mitengoyo imabzalidwa mumiyala yosiyana ndikuyamba kupanga korona.

Kubzala moyenera ndikutsimikizira kuti mtengowo udzakula, koma wocheperako

Zambiri zaukadaulo waulimi wa Japan ndi maple ofiira

Kusonkhanitsa kwa mbewu za bonsai kumayambira kugwa, nthawi ya stratation ndi masiku 120. Kubzala mbewu kuyenera kukhala mu Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.

Maple ndi abwino chifukwa amatha kukhala ndi masamba amitundu yosiyanasiyana, osati wobiriwira wamba, wofiyira kapena wachikaso, komanso matani amtundu wabuluu, buluu, ndi utoto.

Malamulo oyambira kukula kwa mapulo mu bonsai:

1. Malowa amasankhidwa owala, koma amatetezedwa ku dzuwa.
2. Chomera chimafa ngati choyezera kutentha chagwera pansi pa chilembo - +5 ℃.
3. Kuthirira kuyenera kukhala pang'ono, koma nthawi zonse; Pakutentha kwa chilimwe ndibwino kuthirira nthaka kawiri pa tsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo.
4. Nthambi zatsopano amazidulira chaka chonse, koma mphukira zakale zimatha kupangidwa m'dzinja kapena masika.

Muli ukadaulo waulimi bonsai a ndimu

Mbewu sizikufunika stratation, koma ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zosapsa. Kuti achulukitse mwayi womera, mbewu zingapo zimabzalidwa nthawi imodzi. Kuti mupeze ndimu, mumafunika ngalande yosachepera 1.5-2 masentimita. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa mpaka masentimita 1.5. Pambuyo pofesa, mumphika umaphimbidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika m'chipinda chomwe kutentha kwa +18 ℃.

Pambuyo zikamera, filimuyo imachotsedwa, ndipo chomera chimayikidwa pamalo owala. Chisamaliro chotsatira chimaphatikizapo kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba. Gwiritsani ntchito maofesile azipinda zamkati mu theka.

Ndimu bonsai - chomera chodabwitsa, chokongoletsera nyumba yeniyeni

Zambiri za ukadaulo wazolimo wa mkungudza

Mkungudza ku Japan ndi mtundu wakale wa luso lazaka zam'mayiko. Mtengo wawung'ono umawoneka wosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo udzakhala chokongoletsera choyenera cha dimba lanyumba, chokongoletsedwa kalembedwe ka Chitchaina.

Mbeu za mkungudza zimamera popanda mavuto, koma zimapweteketsa madzi ochuluka. Kuti mumange mkungudza, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Zilowereretsani njere m'madzi ofunda kwa tsiku limodzi.
2. Pukuta mbewu kwathunthu.
3. Ayikeni padzuwa kwa mphindi 15.
4. Ikani chikwama cha pulasitiki cha zipulasitiki, chotseka mwamphamvu ndikuyika mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi.
5. Pambuyo pakuphulika kwa mapiko, ikani pansi.
6. Madzi mosamala.
7. Siyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu, koma ndikofunikira kuti ikhalebe chinyezi chamtundu uliwonse.

Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe bonsai amakulira. Zonse zimatengera mitundu ndi mitengo yamitengo yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mkungudza wa ku Lebano wazaka 10 udzakula ndi 10 cm zokha.

Mkungudza wa Bonsai amawoneka wokongola kwambiri komanso wachilendo

Zambiri za ukadaulo wapaulimi wa paini waku Japan

Chimawoneka bwino kwambiri pine yoyera ya ku Japan yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa bonsai. Mbewu zimayamba kumera kumayambiriro kwa masika, ngati zimakhala zatsopano, ndiye kuti zikumera zitha kuoneka mwachangu. Njira yakuzizira stratation imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wa paini umafunikira malo owala, apo ayi singano sangakhale osalimba komanso ofooka.

Kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, nyengo yachisanu

Mitengo yaying'ono imamera m'miphika yaying'ono, kotero kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala. Njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Kulowetsa. Kusunthira dothi pang'ono kuchokera kuthirira kungakhale ndi mphuno yopyapyala.
2. Kumiza. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale maenje okumba pansi pa mphikawo. Chidebe chokhala ndi chomera chimamizidwa mu beseni lodzaza ndi madzi kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10.

Ma mineral complexes ophatikizidwa ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala pamwamba. Mutha kutenga feteleza wazomera zam'mimba, koma pamtunda wa 50%, izi zitha kupewa kukula kwa mphukira ndi masamba. Malamulo odyetsa:

1. Kwa nthawi yachilimwe, zinthu zam potaziyamu zimachepetsedwa.
2. Mu kasupe ndi yophukira, mankhwala okhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous amasankhidwa.

Kukonzekera yozizira kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa chomera kuchokera ku mphukira zouma ndi zouma, kuwononga tizirombo. Miphika imasunthira kumalo owala, yotetezedwa ku zojambula ndi kuwomba.

Bustani la Bonsai ndi loto lomwe lingachitike. Mitengo yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yopanga zipatso komanso yazipatso yaying'ono itha kubzalidwa kuchokera ku njere, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malangizowo.