Ficuses ndi nzika za madera aku Australia ndi Asia. Adalowa mgululi wamkati chifukwa cha masamba ndi kukula kwachilendo. Chikhalidwe sichikhala ndi zofunika zapadera pa chisamaliro, koma kuphwanya malamulo oyenera omwe afotokozedwera kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ndi kuwukira kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Olima osadziwa zambiri nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa kuti: chifukwa chiyani masamba a ficus amagwa ndipo angathane bwanji ndi vutoli?
Mukamawomba alarm ngati masamba asintha chikasu
Kuwonongeka kwa masamba pang'ono ndizomwe zimakonda chomera ngati izi zimawonedwa mu nthawi yophukira-nyengo yachisanu. Muyenera kukhala osamala ngati chikaso cha masamba ndi kutayika kwawo sikudutsa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, ndikubwera kwamasika. Kenako mtengowo umafunikira kusintha pamalingaliro omangidwa ndi chisonyezo.
Tsamba la Ficus likugwa
Ficus amagwetsera masamba: zomwe zimayambitsa
Pochita mantha ndi chikhalidwe chosagwirizana ndi chomeracho, alimi a maluwa akuyang'ana yankho la funso loti chifukwa chiyani feki amataya masamba a zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuti achite ndi kugwa kwamasamba ambiri. Zovuta zazikulu pakukula zimayamba maluwa atasungidwa m'chipindacho - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo omwe pali kusiyana kosavuta pakati pa nthawi yokhala ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka.
Kusintha kwakanthawi kumakhala ndi njira yokonzekera nthawi yomwe mtengo sudzalandira madzi okwanira. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti amayamba kuchotsa masamba owonjezera kuti achepetse madziwo.
Zovuta zakumaso zikaonekera, mbewu zomwe zimakhala mnyumba monse zimatha kutaya masamba 30%. Pankhaniyi, ikuyesera kuzolowera zinthu zina kapena kufotokozera momwe zingakhalire kuthirira kwambiri kapena kusakwanira, kusowa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.
Zofunika! Kuphwanya malamulo a kuthirira, mulingo wa kuunikira ndi kutentha, kuukira kwa tiziromboka komanso kutulutsa matenda kungapangitse kuti ficus atembenuke chikasu.
Masamba achikasu
Njira yotentha
Kusintha kwachilengedwe m'malo azachilengedwe kumatha kukhala chidziwitso kuvuto lomwe limapangitsa masamba a ficus kusanduka achikaso. Kutsika kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha ndi kuchepa kwa maola masana ndizizindikiro kuti chilala chiri patsogolo. Duwa limangoyendetsa chida cha kupulumuka.
Kusintha kuchokera ku nyengo yotsatira mpaka yachiwiri kumayambitsa kuponya masamba pang'ono. Pakadali pano, kusinthasintha kuzidziwitso zatsopano zowunikira, kutentha ndi chinyezi kumachitika. M'malo otsekedwa amasintha pang'ono, koma kusakhazikika pang'ono ndikokwanira kuti mbewu iyambenso kuyambiranso.
Zikhalidwe zambiri sizimalekerera kukonzekera, kukhala pafupi ndi malaya kapena mpweya wabwino Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha ndi nthawi yochotsa gawo lachivundikiro.
Zambiri! Kuti muthandizire machitidwe osakhazikika, ndikofunikira kuti kutentha kwa chipinda kungakhale mkati mwa +25 ℃.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe ma pepala achikasu amawonekera ndi kusowa kwamadzi. Mitengo sakonda kukulira chinyezi chambiri, imafunikira dothi lopukutidwa bwino m'miphika ndi gawo lofunikira lam michere.
Chinyezi chosakwanira chimayambitsa kukana masamba pazifukwa za chisinthiko. Mwachilengedwe, chikhalidwe mwanjira yotere chimathetsa vuto la chilala, kuyesera kukhala ndi moyo pazovuta. Chinyezi chochepa chimakhudza limagwirira la kuchepa masamba masamba poyerekeza ndi kuthirira kosakwanira.
Matenda
Ficus amataya masamba chifukwa ndi chochita chifukwa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda zimayambika matenda. Matenda omwe ali m'munsiwa akuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazofala zamatenda amkati ficus.
Powdery mildew
Mitengo nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, koma nthawi zina imakhala ndi Xanthomonas, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba aziwona. Bakiteriya amalowa m'mbale ya masamba kudzera m'mamayikirosikopu kapena pores zachilengedwe ndipo pang'onopang'ono amafalikira kudzera mu minofu.
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndimatenda amadzimadzi omwe amakula msanga. Popita nthawi, amaphatikiza, amalanda madera akuluakulu okhala ndi malire achikasu kumapeto kwa mbale. Ndi matenda oopsa, mtengo umayamba kugundana ngakhale ikamakula, zimavuta kuchiza.
Zofunika! Mukazindikira chifukwa chomwe masamba a feki amagwa, kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani? Chomera chimathandizidwa ndi fungicides.
Zovunda
The pathological mkhalidwe aumbike mchikakamizo cha dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse, kukula mwachangu ndi kubereka kwa matenda a fungus. Imagwira pamizu, kenako ndikumakhudza mbewu yonse. Mizu yake imakhala yofiirira, yofewa komanso zowola. Mtengo suulandila zakudya zofunikira ndikuyamba kumera.
Zovunda
Ambiri wamaluwa azindikira kuwola muzu nthawi yellowness, kufota ndi masamba. Ngati zizindikiro za matendawo zapezeka, muyenera kuchotsa chomera, yesani mizu ndikuchotsa zowonongeka. Mukachotsa dothi lakale ndi gawo lokhazikika, duwa limabzalidwa m'malo mwake. Ngati matendawa akukhudza mizu yonse, ndiye kuti chikhalidwecho chiziyenera kutayidwa.
Anthracnose
Zimatanthauzira gawo laling'ono la matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amapezeka ndi dothi lonyowa nthawi zonse. Poyamba, matendawa amadziwonetsera ndi mabala amkaka onenepa pamatamba a masamba, kenako zilonda zofiirira kapena zofiirira zamtunduwu zimawoneka limodzi ndi mizu. Tizilombo toyamwa timafa, ndipo masamba owonongekawo amapindika komanso kupindika.
Zofunika! Kutula kwamasamba ambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukuru kwa anthracnose. M'malo owala, ndikofunikira kuti ndikusintha ndikusintha kwathunthu kwa gawo lapansi ndikuchiza ndi fungicides, pamavuto - chomera sichingapulumutsidwe.
Payokha, mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa kufa kwa mtengowu amapadera. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi khansa ya mabakiteriya, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kuphukira kwa madera amtundu wa masamba, tsinde kapena mizu. Njira zothanirana ndi iye zilibe mphamvu, sizingatheke kupulumutsa mbewuzo. Popewa kufalikira kwa dimba lonse la maluwa, wodwala amawonongeka.
Tizilombo
Maonekedwe a tizilombo tokhala ngati parasitic ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti ficus iyamba kuvulaza ndikuchotsa masamba. Pakuwukira kosavuta, kuyenera kudulidwa, ngati kwakukulu - kuyenera kutayidwa. Pafupifupi mbewu zonse zamkati zimagwidwa ndi mealybug, scutellum ndi kangaude. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limalumikizidwa ndi kuwuma kwambiri kwa mpweya mnyumba, malo abwino ndi majeremusi.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati ficus, chifukwa cha tizilombo, imasamba masamba: chithandizo choyambirira chimachotsedwa pamakina pogwiritsa ntchito thonje ndi sopo. Mphukira zowonongeka kwambiri zimadulidwa ndikuwonongeka - njirayi imathandizira kuti kufalikira kufalikira. Alimi ena amalima amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a mand ofanirana ndi mankhwala achilengedwe.
Chotchinga
Amakonzekera kuukira mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera ndi masamba abwino. Tizilombo timene timabowola timabowo m'masamba, masamba ndi masamba. Chizindikiro cholephera ndi masamba achikasu pamwamba pamasamba. Amakhala oopsa komanso opindika, amayamba kuuma ndipo amatha kugwa, mbewuyo imataya mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa.
Chishango cha Ficus
Mealybug
Tizilombo timakhala ndi thupi lofewa lomwe limakutidwa ndi nsalu yoyera. Zimateteza majeremusi kuti asataye chinyezi komanso kutentha. Magulu a tiziromboti amakonda kukhazikika m'malo otetezedwa chikhalidwe - m'matanthwe a masamba apansi. Chotupacho chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono kapena kuwonekera kwa masamba a masamba, oyera. Tizilombo timene timakonda kwambiri. Pazakudya, amasunga madzi omwe madothi amakhala.
Spider mite
Matendawa amatenga pafupifupi imperceptibly, tiziromboti timakhala kumbali yolakwika ya mbale. Vuto lalikulu ndikupangidwa mwachangu kwa gulu la akangaude ndi magawidwe awo m'chigawo chobiriwira. Pathology imatsimikiziridwa ndi masamba owonda, achikasu kapena opanda utoto.
Tcherani khutu! Kuyeretsa mwaukadaulo kumathandizira kuwononga tizirombo poyambitsa mbewu. Matenda operewera amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo, palibe chitsimikizo kuti uchira.
Thirani yolakwika
Ntchito zowonjezera zimayambitsa kukula kwa kupsinjika mu ficus: sikulolera kuchotsedwa padziko lapansi, kumasintha nthawi zonse. Kuti muchepetse mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kufalikira, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
- mutachotsa duwa pang'onopang'ono muzu, musasunthe mchenga - dothi louma liyenera kukhalabe;
- mizu ya mbewuyi ndi yosakhwima kwambiri ndipo kugwira mosasamala kungayambitse kuti ayambe - njirayi imachitika mosamala kwambiri;
- pambuyo kumuika njira, kuthilira ndikofunikira;
- Asanaikidwe, nthaka mu thankiyo ndi yothira - mizu youma yopepuka.
Zambiri! Kuti muchepetse zotsatira za njirayi, mtengowo umadyetsedwa njira yofooka ya shuga ndikuudula 1/3 ya kutalika. Onani pafupipafupi chinyezi cha gawo lapansi - sichikhala chowuma, koma chonyowa. Kudzala kwamadzi ndi malo ouma kumakhala magwero azilombo za fungal komanso kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ikani popanda kuwononga mizu
Kuperewera kapena kuyatsa kwambiri
M'dziko la ficus, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhalapo. Amapanganso zofananira pokakhala m'nyumba. Kuchepetsa masana masana kumayambitsa masamba kugwa: ndikupatuka kwakukulu, vutoli litha kuthetsedwa ndikuwunikira kowonjezera.
Kukhala kumbali yakumwera kumafunikira kuteteza chikhalidwecho ku dzuwa mwachindunji - amatsogolera kuyaka pambale za masamba. Pankhaniyi, ayenera kupanga mthunzi pang'ono.
Zindikirani! M'chilimwe, mphika umatha kutulutsidwira kukhonde kapena pabalaza kuti duwa laling'onoting'ono limalandira mpweya wabwino kwambiri. Musaiwale kuti kubwerera ku chipinda chodzikongolera kumatha kugwetsa tsamba.
Kuwala kotsika
Kuthirira zolakwika
Mukamagula chomera, muyenera kudzidziwa bwino ndi zofunika zake ndikukhala ndi dongosolo labwino lothirira. Zonsezi komanso kusowa chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti masamba asamasuke, kukula kwa matenda a mafangasi komanso kuukira kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chomera chimafuna kuthirira chimodzimodzi:
- m'nyengo yachilimwe, chinyezi cha nthaka chimachitika pafupipafupi, monga matope akumauma;
- kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Zofunika! Kuyanika dothi kwambiri kumakhudza thanzi la mbewu. Popewa kupatuka m'maboma ake, ndikofunikira kuthirira pakangoyamba kuuma kwa gawo lapansi.
Kupewa kuwola ndi kukongoletsa masamba mu ficuses
Popeza adamvetsetsa zifukwa zosinthira mitundu ya mapepala ndi kutayika kwawo, amalingalira za momwe angapewere izi mtsogolo. Olima maluwa odziwa bwino amalangizidwa kuti azitsatira malamulo awa:
- Ndondomeko yoyenera yothirira - ma voliyumu angapo amadzi amatuluka kulowa mu thanki pafupipafupi. Pafupipafupi mwachindunji zimatengera mulingo wa chinyezi, kutentha ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yotentha, kuthilira kumachitika nthawi zambiri, nthawi yozizira - nthawi zambiri. Kuzindikirika kumalumikizidwa ndi kutsika kwa njira mu chomera komanso mkhalidwe wa matalala.
- Kuwala - kuunikirako sikungasokoneze ficus, ikachotsedwa pawindo ndikukhazikikidwanso patebulo, imatembenuka molimba ku kuwala kwa dzuwa. Choyambirira ndi kuyatsa kosasinthika, komwe sikungathe kuyambitsa kutentha kwa masamba, koma kugwera pamtengo tsiku lonse.
- Kudulira - zofunika kuchepetsa kukula. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, chikhalidwe chimayamba kukula ndikuyamba kukhala m'malo onse aulere. Kukakamizidwa kumathandizira kuti duwa lizioneka bwino.
Kutsatira ndi malingaliro onse omwe ali pamwambawa kukuthandizani kuti mukule bwino komanso kukhala wokongola, wokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira m'thupi. Chitetezo chokwanira ndizofunikira zikhalidwe zonse - chimateteza kumatenda osiyanasiyana komanso chimalepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ndiosavuta kusamalira fikayi, singasinthe chikasu ndipo sipasiya masamba. Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani zofunikira kuyang'aniridwa kwa zitsamba zokongoletsera. Kuthirira panthawi yake, kuvala pamwamba komanso malo omwe ali ndi zinthu zofunikira zithandizire kuti ikule bwino ndikukula bwino.
