Momwe mungakulire Turkey poults mu chosakaniza

Njira yobereketsa poults ndi chofungatira ndi ntchito yapadera ya boma, yomwe nkhuku zathanzi ndi zathanzi zimabwera padziko lapansi.

Zamkatimu:

• Mitundu yabwino kwambiri
• Kusankha bwino mazira
• Momwe mungakulire nkhuku za Turkey
• Mazira atagona
• Zomwe zimayambitsa makulitsidwe
• Nthawi yoti mungayembekezere anapiye
• Oyamba olakwa oyamba
• Zowonjezera: ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njirayo

Kusankhidwa kosakaniza

Alimi akulima nkhuku adziwa nthawi yayitali kuti ndi mazira a nkhuku amaoneka ngati (peresenti) kusiyana ndi kusakanizidwa ndi amayi (nthawi zambiri turkeys mbali ya clutch imathyoledwa ndi kulemera kwake). Kuwonjezera pa mazira a Turkey amasiyana ndi zinthu monga:

• Kutentha kumabwera kuchokera pamwamba pa unit;
• Kutentha kumabwera kuchokera pansi pa unit.

Koma zonsezi ndi opanda ungwiro, momwe nyumbayi imatenthedwa mopanda ungwiro. Alimi ambiri a nkhuku akuyesera kukonza maunyolo awo, kuyesera kuti ayandikire pafupi ndi chilengedwe.

Kuwombera nkhuku, zinziri, abakha, ntchentche zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsira ntchito makina opangira.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa chipangizo chimodzi kuchokera kwa wina ndi:

• momwe makina apangidwira;
• zolemba kapena zowonongeka zowonjezera;
• Ndiphweka bwanji unit yogwiritsira ntchito.

Kuti mutenge bwino nkhuku zowonjezera kunyumba, zigawo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka mpweya ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mu chofungatira;
• malamulo ndi kuwunika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwa chipangizo;
• Kutembenuka kwa mazira kwa nthawi yake, kuyiritsa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala;
• nthawi yosakaniza.

Mukudziwa? Chombo choyambira choyamba ku Ulaya chinapangidwa ndi Italy D. Porto. Poyamba ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati nyali yotentha.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri

Kwa kuswana turkeys mu chofungatira, palibe mitundu yambiri, yabwino mwa iwo ndi:

• North Caucasus bronze. Mbalameyi imafika pokhala wamkulu pa miyezi 9. Pa msinkhu uwu, mkazi amalemera makilogalamu 7, kulemera kwamphongo kumafika 14 kg. Dzira lopangidwa ndi azimayi a mtundu uwu ndi 80 peresenti pachaka.

• White Caucasian woyera. Mbalameyi imafika pokhala wamkulu pa miyezi 9. Panthawiyi mkazi amalemera makilogalamu asanu ndi awiri, ndipo kulemera kwamwamuna kumafikira makilogalamu 14. Dzira lopangidwa ndi azimayi a mtundu uwu ndilo zidutswa 180 patsiku.

• Mpweya wazitsulo unameta. Kunja, mbalameyi ikufanana ndi oimira kumpoto kwa North Caucasus, koma imasiyana molemera: akazi - 8 kg, amuna mpaka makilogalamu 15.

• Chofufumitsa choyera. Mtundu uwu umasungidwa kuti ukhale ndi nyama zabwino kwambiri. Dzira lachikazi limapanga zidutswa 120 pa chaka.

• Moscow woyera ndi Moscow bronze. Mazira amayamba kunyamula ali ndi zaka 6 ndi kubweretsa zidutswa 100 pa chaka.

• Choponderetsa chachikulu kwambiri. Kubereketsa ndi mikhalidwe yapadera ya nyama, kulemera kwake kwa mbalame yamtunda ndi 30 peresenti ya kulemera kwake kwa nyama. Mkazi wamkulu amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 11, ndipo kulemera kwake kwa abambo kumafikira makilogalamu 25.

Mukudziwa? Pa kafukufuku pa kubereka anapiye mu chofungatira, izo zinawonedwa kuti ndi kukhazikika panthawi yomweyo kwa dzira kuchokera ku kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, mu chiyambi choyamba, nkhuku zinayambira kale.

Kusankha bwino mazira

Mukasankha dzira lakuthamanga kuti likhale losakanikirana, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa izi:

• Pofuna kubereka anapiye mu chotsitsa, m'pofunika kugula zipangizo kuchokera kwa amayi omwe afika zaka zisanu ndi zitatu;
• Ndibwino kuti tigule zinthu zowonjezera zomwe zinagwedezeka nthawi yachisanu, monga nkhuku sizilekerera kuzizira;
• Musanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito makoswe mu chofungatira, m'pofunika kuwayang'anitsitsa bwinobwino. Ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenerera, ndi zosalala bwino za chipolopolo, zogwirizana, popanda zofunikira ndi kukula;
• Mazira a chofungatira ayenera kukhala osakanikirana, popeza mazira ang'onoang'ono kapena owonjezera kwambiri ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha maulendo;
• Ndikofunika kufufuza malo a yolk powala The yolk iyenera kukhazikika, sayenera kukhala autilaini yoonekera, ndipo mu zopusa m'mphepete ayenera kukhala mpweya chipinda;
• pa ovoskopirovaniya pamene mutembenuza mazira, yolk, yomwe ili mkati, ayenera kusuntha pang'onopang'ono;
• mazira onyansa akuyenera kukanidwa;
• kukana mazira ndi ziwiri zamkati.

Ndikofunikira! Mazira a makulitsidwe sangathe kusungidwa m'firiji.

Kuyika kwapangidwe kuti makulitsidwe akhoza kusungidwa masiku osaposera khumi, motero kutentha kumayenderana + 12 ° С ndi mlingo wa chinyezi 80%. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala chouma komanso chopanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mazira ndi mankhwala ochepa amatsukidwa kuchokera ku dothi (osasamba) ndi kusungidwa pamalo owuma, atayika kuti mapeto awonongeke ali pamwamba. Ndikofunika kutsegulira mazira tsiku lililonse lachinayi, opaleshoniyi ndi yofunika kuti mazira asinthe.

Momwe mungakulire nkhuku za Turkey

Mu ulimi wamakono ndi zokolola za turkeys zimatchuka. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mbalame iyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi madzi ofewa, nyama yokoma ndi mazira okoma. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungapezere nkhuku: onetsetsani nkhuku nkhuku pamtengo kapena muziyikeni mu chofungatira. Kubereketsa mwana wamng'ono ndi chofungatira ndi wotchuka pakati pa obereketsa.

Ndikofunikira! Tsiku lililonse, dzira losungirako mazira limachepetsa chiwerengero cha adani.

Mazira atagona

Musanaike kabati mu chofungatira, m'pofunika kuchizira mankhwalawa ndi kuchiza majekeseni omwe, kuti muteteze matendawa kwa anapiye m'tsogolomu. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kugulidwa pa pharmacies, ndipo mukhoza kukonza njira yothetsera potassium permanganate.

Dipani mazira mu disinfection yankho sayenera, pukutirani ndi nsalu yothira ndi njirayi, muwalole kuti aziuma mwachibadwa. Turkey mazira amaikidwa mu chofungatira pokhapokha atatentha kutentha. Kutsindikiza kwazowonongeka kumalo osungirako makina kungawonongeke kapena kungakhale kosasinthasintha, izo zimadalira mtundu ndi mtundu wa chipangizocho. Mukakhala pa njira yopanda malire, musaiwale kupanga chizindikiro pa chipolopolo m'mwamba mwa mapepala, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti mutha kusokonezeka mtsogolomu, mutayamba kuwamasula. Mukakhala mu njira yowongoka, ikani mazira mu thireyi ndi mbali yowongoka, kusunga mbali ya 45 °.

Phunzirani momwe mungakwaniritsire ma turkeys opindulitsa kwambiri.

Zomwe zimayambitsa makulitsidwe

Kuwongolera kwa kampeni kumachitika pansi pa kuyendetsa kosasunthika kwa mlimi wa nkhuku ndikuperekedwanso ndi kusintha kwa panthaŵi yake kudzera mu ovoscope. Kusintha kwachitika pa tsiku la 8, la 13 ndi la 26. 8 tsiku. Pa tsiku lino, gawo loyamba la makulitsidwe a ana limatha. Njira yoyendetsera zowonongeka ikuonekera bwino mkati mwa dzira. Mphunoyi siinayang'anidwe, chifukwa imakhala yolk. Kumalo kumene kamwana kameneka kamayenera kukhala, pali chigawo chowala kwambiri kuposa zonse za yolk. Ngati pakapita kusintha pali mdima (phokoso la magazi), izi zikutanthawuza kuti mimbayo yafa ndipo iyenera kutayidwa.

13 tsiku. Mphepete mwachindunji ya embryo ikuwonekera, pamapeto otsiriza a dzira pali yotsekedwa yonse ya allantois. Nsalu yowonongeka ya zotengera, zomwe zatsekedwa pamapeto akutali, zikuwonetsedwa. Mazira akufa amawoneka ngati ofooka, akuyenda mosavuta, ndi mazira omwewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tsiku la 26 Mimba imakhala pamalo onse omasuka, chipinda cha mpweya chimakhala chachikulu. Kuyenda kwa nkhuku kumawonekeratu, mumatha kuona momwe mzere wa khosi ulili. Ngati kusayenda sikuwonekere, ndiye kuti kamwana kameneka kamakhala kozizira ndipo chiyenera kutayidwa.

Nthawi yoti mungayembekezere anapiye

Nthawi ya makulitsidwe a mazira a kunyumba kunyumba ndi masiku 28. Ana oyambirira akhoza kuwoneka kale pa tsiku la 25-26, ndipo kumapeto kwa 27 - kuyamba kwa masiku 28 a turkeys amawonekera. Musati muwone kawirikawiri muzitsulo, kuyang'ana pa siteji ya ndondomekoyi - mukhoza kutentha kale anapezeka nkhuku zowonongeka. Musanachotse anapiye kuchoka ku chofungatira, onetsetsani kuti zowuma. Ngati katemerawa atachedwa nthawi yaitali kuposa maola asanu ndi atatu, ndibwino kuti anapiye adyeke kawiri, atayimitsidwa poyamba, kenako adzalumidwa.

Oyamba olakwa oyamba

Zolakwitsa zambiri za alimi a nkhuku zotsalira nkhuku ndi awa:

• Kusagwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa kutentha panthawi ya kuchotsedwa kwa nkhuku mu chofungatira kunyumba.

Pamene achinyamata ovuta kwambiri amafa kapena amabadwa ndi ziwalo zofooka, nkhuku zotere zimawonekera msanga komanso mosiyana. Ngati simungakwanitse kutentha, kachigawo kakang'ono ka ana a nkhuku omwe amatha kuberekera amatha msinkhu kuposa nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa. Iwo amakhala pansi, ali ndi miyendo yofooka, pansi imakula mosiyana ndipo imayang'ana uve.

• Osasunga chinyezi.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mazira, kulemera kwake kwa mazira kumasintha kwambiri, chipolopolocho chimakhala cholimba chifukwa cha izi zimakhala zovuta kuti anapiye amveke. Nkhuku zimabadwa pasanafike nthawi yotsiriza.

Chinyezi chochuluka. Nkhuku ziri ndi zowononga, zowonongeka pansi; zina za anapiye zimatayika kuchokera ku madzi mu amniotic fluid. Zinyama zoterezi zimabadwa pambuyo pake.

• Kusamvetsetsana ndi chiwerengero cha machitidwe a kusintha kwa mazira a Turkey.

Mazira a nkhuku amamatira ku chipolopolo ndipo amawonongeka kwambiri, mbalame zomwe zimakhalabe zimabadwa ndi zovuta ndi zofooka.

Zowonjezera: ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njirayo

Chofunika kwambiri cha kubereka nkhuku zotchedwa Turkey poults mu chofungatira kunyumba ndi mwayi wopezera achinyamata chaka chonse, koma kuwonjezera apo zotsatira zotsatirazi:

• maonekedwe a panthawi imodzimodzi a anapiye ambiri;
• ndi malamulo onse obereketsa - 85% mazira adasanduka nkhuku;
• Mitundu yambiri yosankhira pamsika imakupatsani mwayi wosankha;
• mtengo wa chipangizocho ndi wotsika kwambiri, unit ikhoza kulipira ntchito zingapo.

Zoipa za incubator zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Ngati mwasokonezeka pogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi, mukhoza kuwononga ana onse kapena kuwatenga muzinthu zing'onozing'ono kusiyana ndi momwe anakonzera;
• ndi kofunika kuteteza kutentha kwazitsulo; mu makina osungira, masensa amatenthedwa ndi mbali zowonongeka kwambiri pa ntchito yokonzanso;
• kupanga zipangizo zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kuwunika mosamala za ndondomeko yonse yotulutsa makina kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.