Chapakatikati, pamodzi ndi kudzutsidwa kwa chilengedwe, okhalamo chilimwe amatithandizanso, chifukwa nthawi yotentha ikubwera. Kuti tikolole bwino mu kugwa, ndikofunikira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kukonzekeretsa nthaka yamabedi amtsogolo, kutola feteleza ofunikira m'njira zofunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, zosowa za zokonza kubzala mabedi zimaganiziridwa. Olimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamasamba amadziwa momwe angadyetsere mundawo komanso momwe angachite bwino. Funso lofananalo limadzuka, monga lamulo, kwa oyamba kumene omwe asankha kuphunzira sayansi ya kukula masamba ndi maluwa m'dera lawo. Kufunika kwachulukidwe kwa nthaka kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepera kwa chuma kwa zinthu. Ngati simulemeretsa nthaka ndi michere yofunikira, zokolola zimachepa chaka chilichonse.
Kubzala zipatso kumapeto kwa chaka
Akatswiri amati nyengo ya masika ndiyo nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza wamtundu uliwonse m'nthaka: organic, yokonzedwa bwino, mchere, womwe umatengedwa mosiyanasiyana pa milingo, komanso zosakanikirana zake. Yambani njirayi mutamaliza kusungunuka kwa chivundikiro cha chisanu. Omwe alimi ena amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi chifukwa chovala zovala zapamwamba pachipale chofewa, koma mwanjira imeneyi, zinthu zomwe zidalowetsazi zimatha "kuyandama" kuchokera pamalowa ndi madzi osungunuka.
Mitengo yazipatso imatha kuyamba kudyetsedwa, osadikirira kuti thunthu kuti lisungunuke kwathunthu. Zomera zamasamba ndi zamaluwa zimalimbikitsidwa kudyetsedwa musanabzike. Pofuna kuti musaiwale feteleza, komwe ndi kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera kupanga mapulani pasadakhale. Poterepa, ndizotsimikizika kuti mbewu zonse zilandira zofunika kuzitsatira pazofunikira kwambiri kuti zikule.
Mukayika ndalama, simungachite mogwirizana ndi mfundo iyi: ndizabwino koposa. Chifukwa organic ndi mchere zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa mochulukirapo, zimatha kuwononga mbewu zomwe mwakhala mukukula. Zovala zazing'ono komanso zosakanikirana zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Pogwira ntchito ndi zolengedwa zotere, Mlingo wolembedwayo uyenera kutsatiridwa.
Mavalidwe azachilengedwe: zabwino komanso zoyipa
Zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo:
- ndowe kapena humus;
- mbalame zitosi "
- peat;
- kompositi
Munthaka, yomwe imasula dothi bwino, imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira pofufuza. M'mudzimo, feteleza uyu amakhala ochulukirapo m'mafamu aliwonse, chifukwa chake angathe kugulidwa ndi zotsika mtengo. Popeza amabweretsa chilichonse chazachilengedwe mzaka zitatu zilizonse, ndiye kuti ndalama zochuluka kwambiri sizidzafunika. Chonde chonde kwambiri chimakhudzidwa ndi manyowa (manyowa owola), omwe amabalalika pamalowo patadutsa milungu itatu mpaka inayi asanakumbire nthaka ndikubzala mbewu zamasamba.
Feteleza wokonzedwa kale ndioyenera nthaka yamapulogalamu. Manyowa ochulukirachulukira, omwe adasandusidwa kukhala zaka zingapo, amachulukitsa chonde m'nthaka zambiri
Chidebe cha ma lita khumi cha humus chimagawidwa pa mita imodzi ya m'mundawu, womwe ungathe kulowa m'malo mwa peat kapena kompositi. Nazi njira zopangira manyowa anu:
Mavalidwe apamwamba okhala ndi organic, kuwonjezera pazabwino zake, ali ndi zovuta zingapo, zomwe ndi:
- zinthu zina (manyowa atsopano, zitosi za mbalame) zitha "kuwotcha" mizu yazomera;
- kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimayenera kuperekedwa pamalowa ndikugawidwa, mwakuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri;
- chiopsezo cha matenda ndi ntchentche zamasamba anyezi ndi kaloti;
- Mavuto opezeka ngati kulibe mafamu ndi malo apafupi ndi inu;
- kununkhira kwakuti.
Pali njira inanso yosangalatsa yotsatsira makanema, zambiri tsambalo:
Nayi chitsanzo china cha kanema wodzipanga feteleza:
Maminolo ndiye chinsinsi cha zokolola zambiri
Ndiosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi feteleza wa mchere, chifukwa amagulitsidwa mozama m'masitolo onse apadera. Komabe, powerengera kuchuluka kwa momwe agwiritse ntchito, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuthandizidwa. Iyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi kuchuluka komwe amalimbikitsa opanga, kutengera zosowa za mbewu zomwe zalimidwa m'malo ena a munda. Phosphorous ya granular ndi nayitrogeni wa nayitrogeni umayikidwa mu kasupe mogwirizana ndi mfundo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo isanakumbike. Potere, zofunikira zofufuza zizitha kukhala pafupi ndi mizu yazomera. Kuya kolimba kwa pellet kuli pafupifupi 20 cm.
Omwe alimi ambiri amasankhira feteleza, pokhulupirira kuti "umagwirira" umavulaza dziko lapansi ndi mbewu zomwe zikukula pamenepo. Zowona, kapangidwe ka dothi sikamayenda bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito mchere. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera organic. Koma mbewu zimatha kupeza zinthu zonse zofunika kuti zikule, monga nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Kukonzekera kochokera potaziyamu kumathandizira kuti zipatso zipite mwachangu. Ma feteleza ovuta, omwe amaphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri kapena zitatu, amatha kukwaniritsa kufunika kwa mbewu pazinthu zonse. Mavalidwe apamwamba ovuta amapezeka mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kapena granules.
Zopangira michere mumigawo zimayikidwa mu kasupe pofotokozedwa mosamalitsa pa dothi, potero zimapatsa mbewu zonse zofunika
Pa masikweya mita khumi m'mundawa nthawi zambiri amapanga:
- 300-350 g wa mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni (ammonium nitrate, urea kapena urea);
- 250 g wa phosphorous;
- 200 g - potashi zinthu zomwe zitha kusinthidwa ndi phulusa.
M'chilimwe, pakakula kwambiri kwa chomera, kuvala pamwamba kumabwerezedwa, koma mlingo wa feteleza onse umachepetsedwa chifukwa cha zitatu.
Granular superphosphate ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni wa phosphorous woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya dothi. Amapereka chakudya cha mbewu zomwe zalimidwa kumayiko kapena m'munda
Mosiyana ndi feteleza wachilengedwe, michere yama mineral iyenera kuyikidwa pansi panthaka. Ndipo ndalama zochulukirapo ziyenera kugawidwa kuchokera ku bajeti ya mabanja yogula feteleza wa mchere. Mwachilengedwe, simudzadikira nthawi yayitali kuti mubwerenso pazachuma. Mukugwa, tsambalo lidzakondwera ndi zokolola zambiri, ndipo mbewu zamaluwa ziyamba kubweretsa zokongola ngakhale kale.
