Anthurium: mawonekedwe a chisamaliro, tizirombo, matenda ndi chithandizo chawo

Chisangalalo cha Anthurium kapena chachimuna chimagwira diso lanu chifukwa cha ma inflorescence okongola, opakidwa utoto wowala bwino: mawonekedwe ofiira, ofiirira, achikasu, apinki. Masamba okongola a anthurium amakongoletsanso, ndipo mitundu ina imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtumbo. Anthurium imadziwika ngati chomera chosasinthika, koma kuti maluwa okongola azikula komanso kukula amafunika nyengo zina. Ngati chomera chanu chikuwoneka chowawa, pendani zolakwikazo ndikuchichotsa, motsogozedwa ndi malangizo athu.

Mulingo woyenera kukula

Anthurium adasamukira kuzipinda zathu kuchokera kumadera otentha a Central ndi South America, kotero zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Malo abwino kwambiri mu nyumba yake azikhala pazenera lakumadzulo ndi kum'mawa. Kutentha kwakukulu kopitilira 16-16 ° C nthawi yozizira ndi 20-25 ° C m'chilimwe.

Anthurium amakonda kwambiri chinyezi. Monga mbewu zambiri zotentha (zangaoculcas, monstera, calla) yokhala ndi dothi lalitali komanso chinyezi cha mpweya, anthurium amatha "kulira" chifukwa cha ma pores apadera pamasamba. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti muzonse muyenera kudziwa muyeso. Gawo losapukuta, lonyowa lidzafulumizitsa kuzungulira mizu ndi kufa kwa mbewu.

Dothi la anthurium, monga epiphytes ambiri, liyenera kukhala lopepuka, pang'ono acid. Chosankha chabwino ndi chosakanikirana ndi dothi posakaniza mosiyanasiyana.

Zofunika! Magawo onse a anthurium, monga mbewu zambiri za banja lokhalokha, ali ndi madzi a poizoni, motero ndikofunikira kudzipatula kwa ana aang'ono ndi ziweto zapakhomo.

Zithunzi: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa a Anthurium

Zolakwika Zazikulu

Anthurium sangatchulidwe kukhala chomera chosawoneka bwino, koma zolakwa pakukula zimatha kupha iye. Nazi zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe mungazindikire kuti china chake sichili bwino ndi mbewu yanu.

Gome: matenda akulu a anthurium ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Zolakwika posamalira anthurium nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kukonza (kusinthanso chomeracho kuchokera kubatire, madzi ochulukirapo kapena ochepa, kudyetsa, kusintha sill, etc.), koma kuthana ndi matenda owopsa komanso tizirombo sikuvuta.

Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, anthurium ndi mbewu yomwe imakonda chinyezi, motero, ili ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala mycoses. Awa ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa wama microscopic omwe amakonda malo onyowa.

Downy mildew (peronosporosis)

Masamba a anthurium amawoneka oyera, achikasu, otchuka kwambiri wamaluwa. Nkhaka nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Kumbuyo kwa pepala, mapangidwe a imvi spores amatha kuwona.

Gwero la nthendayi yodziwika ndi fungus microscopic, yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chinyezi cha mpweya. Chofunikira kwambiri pakuchotsa bowa wamapaziyi ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi cha mlengalenga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal kukonzekera kulumikizana ndi anthu (Topaz, Acrobat).

Dzimbiri

Matendawa amakhudza masamba a anthurium. Malo owotcha chlorine amawonekera kunja, ndipo mapangidwe olimbitsa amapezeka pansi. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi Downy mildew, njira yayikulu yoyendetsera ndi kupewa dzimbiri masamba ndikuteteza chinyezi chokwanira. Kwa prophylaxis, fungicides yachilengedwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Albit, Alirin, Fitosporin.

Tsamba la Anthurium lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicide

Fusarium wilt

Mycosis yamtunduwu imalepheretsa chomera chonse. Kuumba kwa kufumbwa kwa anthurium kumaperekedwa ndi utoto wofiirira womwe umakhala pakhosi. The causative wothandizila matendawa ndi mitundu ya bowa wa mtundu Fusarium (Fusarium).

Tsoka ilo, matenda a Fusarium amapezeka m'njira zambiri, kuphatikiza kudzera m'madzi ndi mlengalenga. Ndipo spores za bowa ndizosamalitsa kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chachikulu polimbana ndi matenda a Fusarium ndikupewa, mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala antifungal Gliocladin m'nthaka. Systemic fungicides Vitaros, Rovral, Fundazol nawonso adakhala abwino polimbana ndi fusarium.

Fusarium wilting imakhumudwitsa mbewu yonse

Seporia

Matenda ofala a fungal amapezeka pamasamba okhala ndi mawanga a bulauni, ofotokozedwa kwambiri ndi mkaka wachikasu. Mtsogolomo, kudula masamba ndi kufa kwa chomera kumachitika. Chithandizo chachikulu ndikuchiza anthurium pogwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wokhala ndi fungicidal kukonzekera (Bordeaux fluid, sulfate yamkuwa, Kuproksat).

Madontho a bulauni ndi mkombero wachikasu pamasamba a anthurium - chizindikiro cha septoria

Anthracnose

Matenda enanso a anthurium, okhala ndi chibadwa chamunthu. Masamba amayamba kuuma komanso kuwonda. Malo owuma a bulauni amatha kuwoneka kuchokera m'mphepete kapena pakati pa tsamba. Ngati njira zachangu sizingatengedwe, mmera udzauma ndikufa posachedwa.

Ndi anthracnose, masamba a anthurium amayamba kuuma m'mphepete.

Kuchiza kuyenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides (Fundazole, Acrobat, Ridomil Gold). Ndikofunikira kuchitira dothi momwe fungal spores imakhala ndi fungicidal kukonzekera. Ngati sizingatheke kupulumutsa anthurium, mbewu zotsalira mkati ziyenera kutetezedwa. Zomera za bowa ndizosangalatsa kwambiri, choncho mphika womwe wasiyayo uyenera kuwerengedwa. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchotsa mbale zoterezi.

Mochedwa

Anthurium sichikhudzidwa kwenikweni ndi vuto lakachedwa, matendawa amakhudzanso mbewu zomwe zimakonda kusokonekera. Ngakhale zili choncho, ngati mungawone malo ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa violet pamasamba, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Phytophthrosis amakula mwachangu ndipo amakhudza mizu yake, mbandayo ikangomaliza kufa.

Njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi vuto lakumanzere ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma fungicides a systemic. Ena mwa iwo ndi Fitosporin-M, Fundazol, Alirin-B, Previkur. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusintha dothi, kutsuka bwino mizu pansi pamadzi, ndikuwotcha mphika kapena kusinthana ndi lina. Mizu imathanso kuthandizidwa ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.

Tizilombo

Zomera zophukira ndi masamba a anthurium ndi chakudya chokwanira kwa tizilombo tambiri tomwe timayamwa. Chomera chimatha kukhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, kupondera, zipsera, nthata za akangaude.

Ma nsabwe

The "classic" majeremusi a m'munda ndi zomera zamkati. Masamba opindika, opindika kapena opindika mu anthurium ndizizindikiro zazikulu za kuwonongeka kwa aphid.

Pogulitsa pali mankhwala ambiri kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zitha kugulidwa ku malo aliwonse apadera. Odziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi Aktellik, Fitoverm, Akarin, Aktara. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilendo monga nsabwe za m'masamba.

Ma aphid achichepere amaberekera mwachangu masamba abwino ndi zimayambira zamkati zamkati

Spider mite

Katswiri wama microscopicyu samatha kuwoneka ndi maso amaliseche. Kukula kwake ndi 0,5-1 mm basi. Komabe, crumb yotere imatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri. Kangaudeyu amadya madzi a mbewu zomwe zikubwera. Akadwala ndi tizilombo, anthurium amasiya kukula bwino, masamba omwe akukhudzidwa amatembenukira chikasu, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa mbewu.

Ndiosavuta kuzindikira kangaude wa kangaude. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kameneka timabisa chinsinsi chomwe maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi tsamba. Ukonde wa kangaude ukawoneka m'masamba, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti muchotse zodetsa zake zamatendawa. Izi zimachitika bwino ndikusamba chomera pansi pamadzi. Kenako ndikofunikira kukonza masamba ndi imodzi mwaziphuphu (Vertimek, Fitoverm, Akarin, mphezi). Izi zimachitika bwino pophimba mbewuyo ndi thumba la pulasitiki, ndikusiyira pansi kwa maola awiri.

Tsoka ilo, patatha masiku 3-4 achinyamata amabzala kuchokera pansi, ndipo mankhwalawo amayenera kubwerezedwa molingana ndi chiwembu chomwecho. Anthurium idzafunika kukonzedwa nthawi zina 2-3 ndi gawo la sabata.

Mpheta la kangaude limangowoneka pansi pa microscope.

Chotchinga

Tizilombo toyamwa tomwe timayamwa ndi tsoka lalikulu kwa mbewu zamkati. Ma Scaffolds amatetezedwa modalirika ku zisonkhezero zakunja ndi "carapace" yapadera, chifukwa chake sikophweka kuzichotsa. Zipsera zikuwoneka ndi maliseche. Amayambitsa mawonekedwe akuda masamba pamasamba, kufota ndi kufa kwa mbewu.

Ngati mukuwona kuwonongeka kwa anthurium okhala ndi nkhanambo, ikani chomeracho "chokhachokha" kuti isawononge othandizira ena.

Kuti achotse zipsera, amatsukidwa pamanja kuchokera masamba ndi zimayambira ndi nsalu yofewa. Pambuyo pa izi, ndikofunikira kuthira mbewuyo ndi mankhwala apadera (Actellic kapena Fosbecidum), kutsatira malangizo. Samalani - mankhwalawa ndi oopsa! Ndikwabwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa m'nyumba.

Tsinde la anthurium, lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo, limatsukidwa ndi nsalu yofewa

Zopatsa

Ang'ono, osakula kuposa 1 mm, oyamwa majeremusi. Zizindikiro za kuperekera kwa anthurium m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi matenda a aphid. Awa akutha, masamba achikaso, kuwonjezera, pambali pa tsamba mutha kuwona madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda.

Njira yayikulu yothanirana ndi kuponyera ndiyo chithandizo chomera chomwe chili ndi mankhwala apadera. Musanayambe njirayi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mbali zonse za mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi majeremusi. Ndikofunikanso kuti muthetse chimbudzi, chifukwa chitha kukhala ndi mazira otaya. Kufufuza kuyenera kuchitidwa kangapo: chithandizo cha 3-4 m'masiku 7-10.

Kuti muchite bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewuzo mu thumba la pulasitiki, mutha kuzisiyira choncho kwa maola awiri. Izi zimalola kuphatikiza kwapamwamba kwambiri etch.

Zithunzi Zojambulajambula: magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko ndi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mbewu

Kubwezeretsa anthurium

Ngakhale anthurium ataya masamba onse, sikuti chifukwa choti achotse.

Living Anthurium Rhizomes Zitha Kupangidwanso

Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa chomwe chayambitsa mkhalidwe womvetsa chisoni wotere - chisamaliro chosayenera, matenda, kapena tizirombo. Kenako, chitani izi:

• Chotsani nthaka yoipitsidwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi bowa kapena mazira a tiziromboti;
• kwezani mphika ndi mankhwala otentha, wiritsani kwa mphindi 5 m'madzi ndi koloko.

Mukapanda kuchita zodzitetezera, masamba obiriwira a anthurium adzalandiridwa ngati tizirombo tatsopano.

Matenda obweretsedwa ndi dothi amatha kuwononga chomera chofooka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisapange njira ina iliyonse:

1. Chithandizo cha nthunzi. Nthaka imayikidwa pa waya womata pamadzi otentha kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40. Iyi ndi nthawi yambiri, koma njira yothandiza kwambiri.
2. Kuzizira. Nthaka imasungidwa pa kutentha kwa sabata, kenako imalowetsedwa m'chipinda chofunda kuti tisungunuke. Iyi ndi njira yayitali ndipo ndiyosavuta kuchita nthawi yozizira, pomwe mutha kugwiritsa ntchito khonde ngati freezer.
3. Potaziyamu permanganate. Iyi ndi njira yaulesi. Zomwe mukufunikira ndikuthira dothi ndi rasipiberi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate ndikudikirira mphindi 30 mpaka mpaka dothi lithe.

Magawo akuluakulu a kukonzanso anthurium

1. Mpweya womwe umasiyidwa wopanda masamba kuti utulutse matendawa uyenera kunyowa kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 mu kuwala kwa pinki potaziyamu, kenako ndikuyika kwa maola 3-4 munjira ya Kornevin. Mankhwala amathandizira kukula kwa mizu, imakhala ndi ma phytohormones omwe amathandizira pakupitiliza kukula kwa mizu yazomera. Njirayi ilola kuti Anthurium athe kuthana ndi kupsinjika ndikuwonjezereka mphamvu pakukula kwa masamba atsopano.
   

   Chomera chomwe chimagwiridwa ndi Kornevin (kumanja kwa chithunzi) chimapanga mizu yambiri yambiri

2. Pomwe nthambuyo "ikunyowa", ndikofunikira kukonzekera nthaka yatsopano. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zopangidwa mosalekeza kapena kukonzekera gawo lapansi nokha. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka mokwanira, lokhala ndi peat, sphagnum, vermiculite, makala ndi makala. Sphagnum mu kapangidwe ka dothi samangokhala ndi chinyezi, komanso ndili ndi bactericidal katundu. Biohumus ipereka nthaka ndi microflora yoyenera. Vermiculite imadziunjikira chinyezi chowonjezera ndikupereka kwa mbewuyo pakufunika. Nthaka imafunanso kuti "izazidwe" ndi feteleza wamaluwa amkati.
   

   Sphagnum, vermiculite ndi peat, zotengedwa zofanana, zimapanga maziko osakanikirana ndi dothi la Anthurium

3. Zitatha izi, nthangalazo zimabzalidwe mumphika wokhala ndi dothi lokonzekera. Finyani mizu ndi gawo lapansi, mukukoka potoyo kuti dothi lilembedwe. Anthurium sangazike kwambiri, khosi la mizu liyenera kupitilira pamwamba pa gawo lapansi.
4. Isanayambike ntchito yogwira ntchito, sikofunikira kuthira anthurium, ndikokwanira kungwaza nthaka. Ndikofunika kuti aphimbe mphika ndi thumba la pulasitiki; Itha kuchotsedwa pomwe tsamba loyambirira layamba. Komanso, mbewu imafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika.
   

   Ngati njira yotsitsimutsira anthurium ikuchitika molondola, ndiye kuti patapita kanthawi masamba adzagonere adzaoneka

Kanema: Malamulo Akutumiza Anthu

Anthurium akumva bwino mu nyengo za zipinda zathu. Koma muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zosowa zake ndikuchita panthawi yake kupewa matenda. Ngati musamalira mbewu moyenera, ndiye kuti anthurium angakusangalatseni ndi maluwa owala kwambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana pachaka.