Kolumney ndi choyambirira komanso chokongola cha liana wobadwira ku equatorial America. Koma pazifukwa zina muzipinda zocheperako amakhala ocheperako poyerekeza ndi abale ake - mwachitsanzo, zopatsa mphamvu ndi gloxinia. Inde, pali zovuta zina pakulima kwake, koma ichi sichiri chifukwa chosiya khwalala lokongola la Tropicana.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Columnia ndi chomera chochuluka kuchokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae, chomwe chimamera m'malo otentha ku America.
Zimayambira zimasinthasintha, kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 2 m. Masamba ndi amtundu, yaying'ono, mpaka 4c cm, owuma, osongoka, ozungulira, pafupi ndi tsinde.
Maluwa a Columnae amatha kukhala achikasu, lalanje, ofiira, osapinki kwenikweni
Mitundu iwiri yapamwamba ya duwa yolumikizidwa ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa hood. Zipatso ndi zoyera pozungulira.
Mwa mbewu zodziwika zoweta, abale a columnae ndi kaleria ndi gloxinia. Kolumna nthawi zina amatchedwa "orchid wa mkati",, komabe, ndi orchid alibe chiyanjano.
Kolumneya amawoneka wochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'miphika yopachika, mphika wamphika.
Mitundu ya Column
Mitundu yotsatirayi yamakhola imadziwika:
- Kolumneya Consanguina ndi chitsamba chokhala ndi tsinde lofiirira lomwe limatalika mpaka 1.5 m masamba amasanjidwa awiriawiri, koma tsamba limodzi limakhala laling'ono kuposa linzake, kotero zikuwoneka kuti masamba adapangidwa mosiyana. Maluwa ake ndi achikaso achikasu.
- Kolumneya krakatau - epiphyte (mbewu yomwe imafuna kuthandizidwa - chomera china, mwachitsanzo). Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa, nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa nyumba kapena ofesi. Maluwa ndi owala kwambiri, masamba amaphimba thunthu.
- Carnival. Imakhala yamtengo chifukwa cha maluwa ake ambiri, pamiyala yachikasu yowala yomwe malire ake amadziwika. Mtengowo ndi wawung'ono, umatha kutulutsa chaka chonse.
- Columnae wofiira amadziwika ndi zokwawa mphukira, masamba a lanceolate.
- Columnae Banks. Ndizonyada pakuchoka, chifukwa chake ndizofalikira. Zimayambira pansi, nthambi mwamphamvu. Masamba obiriwira pamwambawa ndi ofiira patsinde. Maluwa mpaka 6 masentimita, ofiira ofiira ndi chikaso cha chikasu.
- Zabwino komanso zazing'ono-zophuka - mbewu zokhala ndi masamba a pubescent. Maluwa awo ndi ofanana mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wake, komabe masamba a chipilalacho ali ndiulemu pafupifupi 8 cm, ndipo masamba a masamba ochepa ndi 1 cm.
- Columnia coliferous imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphukira womasuka.
- Kolumnaia Kyusskaya ndi chomera chophukira, masamba obiriwira amdima omwe amawoneka kuti adula pakhungu.
- Mitundu ina yamakhola siyachilendo pakupanga zokongoletsera za maluwa. Ichi ndi mzere wa buccum, mzere wa a Morton, mzati wovuta kwambiri, mzere wa Allen.
Zojambulajambula: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kolamu
- Columnae ofiira amakhala ndi masamba olimba
- Maluwa achikasu ndi a Orange Amasiyanitsa Khola Lama Banks
- Zipilala zokongola zili ndi masamba a pubescent
- Timapepala tating'onoting'ono tidatipatsa dzina la mtundu wamtunduwu.
- Krakatau nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa nyumba kapena ofesi.
- Maluwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi malire wofiira pamphepete mwa miyala
Gome: Nyengo
| Kutentha | Kuwala | Chinyezi | |
| Chilimwe cha masika | 18-20 zaNdi | Dzuwa lowala. Mawindo akum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. | Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, pafupipafupi kutentha kwa chilimwe. |
| Kugwa nthawi yachisanu | Munthawi yopumira (kuyambira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira), yomwe imatenga pafupifupi masiku 50, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa 10-12 zaC. Kenako duwa limakonzedwanso m'malo otentha. | Dzuwa lowala. Mawindo akumwera. | Munthawi yopumira, musapopera. |
Kutchera ndi kufalikira
Mutha kudulira mzere mutangomaliza maluwa. Ndikofunikira kutenga mphika waukulu komanso wosaya. Zosiyanasiyana za malo osakanikirana (kufunikira kwakukulu ndikusakhalapo kwa laimu): magawo ofanana a ntchentche ndi pepala, 1 /2 gawo la peat, makala, mchenga ndi odulidwa a sphagnum moss - 1 /4 gawo. Kolumneya amakula bwino pogula nthaka yonse.
Asanayikiridwe, mphukira za kholayo zimadulidwa pakati.
Wothira, monga lamulo, umafunika kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, pomwe mizu ya mbewuyo imakulungidwa ndi mtanda. Sikoyenera kuyeretsa dziko lapansi lakale, amachotsa osamalira, amasanja limodzi ndi dziko lapansi mumphika watsopano, ndikuwaza ndi gawo latsopanolo.
Mukabzala mzati mumphika, payenera kukhala madzi
Chisamaliro
Kutsirira koyenera komanso kuvala koyenera panthawi yake, komanso zofunikira pakamasamba ndi dormancy, kumakuthandizani kuti muzimva bwino chaka chonse.
Kuthirira
Madzi, omwe ali ndi laimu, duwa sangafune konse. Adzanena "za" ndi masamba owuma. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito madzi osyanitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 20 zaC. Pakati kuthirira dothi lume pang'ono. Osalola kusasunthika kwa chinyezi.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndi pang'ono, ndipo nthawi yotentha nthawi zambiri.
M'nyengo yotentha, kolumnei nthawi zambiri amafunika kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kolumneya makamaka ayenera kudyetsedwa maluwa atatuluka (nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa dzinja). Za feteleza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zogulira zam'nyumba zamkati, muyenera kungotenga theka monga momwe akufotokozera. Amadyetsa columna kamodzi masiku 7 mpaka 10 kuyambira ku Okutobala.
Feteleza kuphukira kwa kolamu yomwe imagulitsidwa m'misika
Nthawi ya maluwa
Columnia imayamba kuphuka mchaka, koma pokhapokha pamavuto. Ngati maluwa sawoneka, ndiye kuti mungayesere kuchita izi: kuchepetsa pang'ono kuthirira ndikuchepetsa kutentha. Njira zoterezi zimayenera kuyambitsa maonekedwe a maluwa. Komanso mzati umatha “kukana” kuphuka chifukwa chouma kwambiri.
Mitu yathanzi imaphukira bwino kwambiri chilimwe chonse
Chipinda Decembrist ndichosavuta kusamalira, koma limamasula motere: //diz-cafe.com/rastenija/dekabrist-uhod-v-domashnih-usloviyah.html
Nthawi yopumula
M'dzinja, maluwa amasungidwa nyengo yotsatira. Pakadali pano, kutentha kwa chipinda komwe gawo limakulirakulira, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mpaka 10-12 zaC. Pakatha masiku 45-50, mbewuyo imakhala ndi masamba a 0.5 cm - ichi ndi chizindikiro kuti muyenera kukonzanso mbewuyo pamalo otentha (16-18 zaC)
Nthawi yokhala chete ndi gawo lofunikira m'moyo wa chomera, sitha kunyalanyazidwa. Ngati nthawi yozizira sinasungidwe kapena kufupikitsidwa, imatha kukhala yopanda maluwa kasupe ndi chilimwe.
Pa matalala kuzizira ayenera kupereka ozizira kutentha
Mapangidwe azomera
Columnae ndi mbewu yomwe imakula msanga. Kwa chaka chimodzi, mphukira zake zimatha kukula mpaka 50 cm. Nthawi zambiri, zimayambira zimalephera kuwoneka bwino chifukwa zimawululidwa (izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zovuta kapena zolakwika posamalira). Chifukwa chake, chaka chilichonse mutamasulidwa maluwa, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupangitsenso mbewuyo - kudula gawo la mphukira, muzu zina kuti muthe tchire latsopano. Kudulira, kuwonjezera pa zokongoletsera, ndichinthu china chofunikira - kukondweretsa kwa maluwa otsatira.
Zilakwitsa
Zina zikhalidwe sizingakonde columnier, ndipo aziyankha ndi zizindikiro zoyenera. Matenda ndi tizirombo sizoyipa pachomera ichi, makamaka ndi chisamaliro choyenera, koma kangaude wowononga amatha kuukira chomera.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kangaude, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthana ndi njira yapadera m'dzinja
Gome: Zolakwa za Kusamalira ndi Momwe Mungakonzekere
| Zomwe zinachitika | Chifukwa cha chiyani | Kutuluka |
| Masamba amawuma ndikugwa | Chinyezi chochepa | Utsi pafupipafupi. |
| Masamba amatembenuka ndi kudetsa | Masamba owonekera dzuwa | Bisani dzuwa lowala. |
| Muzu wowola, fungal matenda | Madzi osasunthika chifukwa chothirira kwambiri | Ikani chomera. |
| Madontho a bulauni pamasamba | Madzi ozizira kwambiri akathirira | Madzi othirira amafunika kuwiritsa mpaka 20 zaC. |
| Fumbi louma | Zowola chifukwa cha malo onyowa kwambiri | Chotsani mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewuyo, gwiritsani ntchito mwa apo ndi apo fungic, muchepetse chinyezi, pang'onopang'ono mchipindacho. |
| Tchuthi pakati pa masamba. | Spider mite |
|
Kanema: samalira khola
Columnia kuswana
Nthawi yabwino yolumikiza mbewuyi ndi pakati pa Epulo.
Malangizo Odulira:
- Ndikofunikira kudula zodula kuchokera ku mphukira za chomera. Zodulidwa ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 7 cm, ndi masamba 2.
- Bzalani osakaniza peat ndi mchenga, kuphimba ndi mtsuko wagalasi kapena polyethylene. Mutha kubzala zidutswa 8-10 pachidebe chimodzi, ndiye kuti mumapeza chomera chotsika.
- Onjezani kutentha kwapansi pa 20-24 zaC.
- Madzi, koma osasenda, popeza izi ndiwofunda ndi kuvunda kwa pepalalo. Zimatenga masabata 3-4 kuti muzu udzu.
- Tsamba likakula pang'ono, liwokani mumphika wina.
Zimatenga masabata atatu ndikuyesa kudula kolumayo
Ndikosavuta kufalitsa ndi mbewu zokhala ndi njere, monga malo obiriwira apadera okhala ndi mpweya wokhazikika akufunika, chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza ndi njira yabwino kwambiri - yachangu komanso yodalirika.
Chomera cha Gloxinia, chogwirizana, chimafalitsidwa m'njira zingapo: //diz-cafe.com/rastenija/gloksiniya-razmnozhenie-listom.html
Kanema: kudula kwa kolamu
Ndemanga
Kwenikweni, ndinganene kuti sindimuyamwa. Anali pa khonde pa kutentha kwa 10 zaNdi (kunja kwa zenera, khonde silikumata), sindimakhala ndimadzi osefedwa (sindimakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yonse ya maluwa onse), kupopera mankhwalawa si kawirikawiri kwambiri. Ndinagula kudzera kwa ogulitsa, adabwera ndi masamba, omwe adatha kwa ine. Poterepa, tsinde lozika pamapiritsi ndilabwino. Posachedwa ndidapeza kuti kolumneya ndi wachibale wa Saint-Paul))) Ndidabwitsidwa moona mtima, kupatula masamba a velvet, sindikuwona chilichonse chofanana. Ndikupangira kuti duwa limakhala labwino kwambiri pobzala mitengo, makamaka ngati limamasula. Koma nthawi yopuma imakhalanso yoyambirira kwambiri.
Alexashka87 //irecommend.ru/content/govorili-chto-super-kapriznaya-onaili-eto-ne-takili-mne-vezet
Ndimakonda maluwa osiyanasiyana, koma ndimakonda banja la a Gesnerius. Zitsanzo zakale za achikulire zimamveka bwino mumaphika. Amakonda kuwala kwambiri, koma dzuwa lowongolera limatha kuwapha. Amayankha mofanananso kusefukira komanso kuchuluka kwa masamba poponya masamba. Mitundu yosankhika kwambiri ndi mitundu yakale - Krokotau, Fuji. Amazika mizu mosavuta, chinthu chachikulu sikutanthauza kupanga zodula zazitali mukazika mizu. Mitundu ina yamtengo wapatali yophatikizika imakhala yamitundumitundu, komabe mungapeze chilankhulo wamba.
Svetlana FYUR//ourflo.ru/viewtopic.php?f=29&start=20&t=2045
Sindingapeze chilankhulo chodziwika ndi iye, ndimakonda kolumni kwambiri, koma, zikuwoneka kuti, ndili ndi kutentha kwambiri ndipo sikukula. Tiziika kale, zobiriwira pang'ono, tiwone zomwe zikuchitika pambuyo pake. Pazoyeserazi, ndinayambira eschinanthus, ofanana nawo, popeza uyu amakula ngati yisiti, ndi kolala ngati stupor.
ego//www.violets.com.ua/forum/viewtopic.php?t=980
Zikuwoneka kuti kuwala kambiri komanso konyowa, ngakhale kamphepo kakang'ono kwanuko - chinthu chachikulu m'makola. Kwa zaka 2 tsopano akhala pampando pakona yawo pawindo lakumwera. Zowona, zenera limakutidwa pang'ono ndi zinthu ngati lutrasil. Sindinasunthe, imodzi yogulitsidwa kale ndi chingwe, chachiwiri chokha chikukula, zina ziwiri zokhala ndi pigtails tsopano zikukula ndi mphamvu komanso zazikulu. Makapu pafupifupi 12 masentimita, pa zikwangwani zolembera pepala lokhala ndi mbande, sizimaphwa, dothi limakhala losakanikirana ndi theka, madzi, komabe, amadzaza.
wantoch//www.floralworld.ru/forum/index.php?topic=862.45
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndidatola kachigawo kena kolowera maluwa mu shopu yamaluwa - vidocq anali kwambiri, kuyika pang'ono, zachisoni, ndinachichotsa pamtima. Kugulitsa. Tsopano zikuwoneka bwino kwa ine - zatulutsa, zapereka mphukira zambiri ndipo izi ngakhale zili khonde kumpoto). Kwa nthawi yonseyi sindinawone feteleza ndi ine. Ndinganene mosabisa kuti Columna ndi imodzi mwazomera zosavuta kusamalira.
Julia))//forum-flower.ru/printthread.php?t=1774&pp=10&page=3
Kholamu silingatchedwa duwa losazindikira. M'mikhalidwe yovuta, imasinthasintha kukhala ndi moyo, koma siikhala pachimake. Kuti mbewu zikule bwino, mbewuyi imafunikira kuwala kowala pothira madzi ofunda komanso nyengo yabwino yozizira.
