M'mayiko ena mabungwe pakati pamasamba nkosatheka kukhazikitsa mpanda wamasamba ndi zinthu zina, chifukwa amabisa malo ang'onoang'ono. Mwakutero, kutuluka kwabwino kungakhale mpanda kuchokera mu ukonde wosatseka - sikutilepheretsa dzuwa kulowa m'deralo, sikulepheretsa kayendedwe kazinthu zachilengedwe. Rabitsa ndichinthu chotsika mtengo chomwe chimatha kukhala nthawi yayitali. Zowonjezera zake ndi kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati thandizo pakukwera mbewu. Wolemba izi wopambana anali Karl Rabitz. Gululi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira pulasitala.
Chingwe cholumikizanachi ndichinthu chopezeka chomwe mwini nyumba iliyonse yachilimwe angakwanitse. Kuti mupeze mpanda kuchokera kumalumikizidwe ndi tcheni chamanja ndi manja anu, kuphatikiza pa mauna, mufunika waya wokulirapo, waya yolimbitsa, chingwe ndi nsanamira zothandizira.
Mpanda wochokera pakatikati yolumikizirana ukhoza kukhala chopanda chopanda bwino, chimathandizirana kukwera mbewu. Pankhaniyi, malowa adzakhala okongola kwambiri
Masiku ano, opanga amapereka mitundu itatu ya maukonde:
- ma ma non-galvanised mesh ndi amodzi otsika mtengo, ndibwino osaganizira izi, chifukwa pakatha miyezi ingapo, imayamba kusokonekera;
- cholumikizira cha ma galvanized chimapezeka nthawi zambiri - pamtengo chimakhala chotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa chosagwiritsika ntchito, koma sichichita dzimbiri;
- pulasitiki yoyikiratu - mauna achitsulo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi ma polima amtambo osiyanasiyana kumtunda kuti atetezedwe ku kutu.
Njira yotsatirayi ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ndipo gridi yotere imawoneka yokongola kwambiri kuposa yachitsulo. Chifukwa chake, ukonde wama pulasitiki, ngakhale ukuoneka posachedwa, ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi athu.
Mukamasankha mauna, chidwi chake chiyenera kulipira kukula kwa maselo; kukula kwaung'ono, kulimba mtima komanso kokwanira mtengo. Gululi yokhala ndi masentimita 40-50 mm ndi masikono kutalika kwa 1.5 m ndiloyenereradi ngati mpanda wa kanyumba kachilimwe.
Njira # 1 - "mavuto" paukonde
Chipangizo cha waya kuchokera pa maukonde ochezera ukhoza kukhala wosiyana. Njira yosavuta yopangira mpanda ndikutambukula gululi pakati pazomatula. Mitengo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo, nkhuni kapena konkriti.
Njira yosavuta yopangira mpanda wolumikizana kuchokera ku ulalo wosalumikiza popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo - gululi imatambasulidwa pakati pa nsanamira ndikulendewera mbedza. Inde, pakupita nthawi imatha kuyenda, koma mpanda wotere ungakhale nthawi yayitali.
Chiwerengero cha nsanamira zimatengera mtunda pakati pawo ndi kutalika kwa mpanda. Monga mukuwonetsera, mtunda wabwino kwambiri pakati pa nsanamira zopangidwa ndi ma waya achitsulo ndi mamilimita 2.5 Monga mizati, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito omwe sakhudzidwa ndi kutu. Tsopano nsanja zopangidwa ndi mpanda, zopakidwa kale, zokoleza, zimagulitsanso. Mitengo yamatanda imafunikira kuichiritsa ndi podzitchinjiriza kutalikiranso kutalikiratu musanayikidwe. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yopangira simenti ndipo mulumikizane ndi gululi ndi waya kapena chothandizira.
Nkhani yofananira: Kukhazikitsa nsanamira: kukhazikitsa njira pazida zosiyanasiyana.
Kutalika kwa mizati kumawerengedwa motere. Ndi chilolezo pakati pa nthaka ndi mpanda, onjezani masentimita 5 mpaka 5 m'lifupi mwake, kenako mita ina ndi theka, poganizira mobisa gawo. Zotsatira zake, mupeza kutalika kwa mzati komwe kukufunika kuti mudzayike mpanda wamtsogolo. Katundu wazipinda zamakona azikhala zokulirapo, azikhala akumbidwa mwakuya, chifukwa chake, kutalika kwake kuyenera kupitilira kutalika kwa nsanamira wamba pafupifupi 20 cm.
Maziko a mizati yonse amathandizidwa bwino kuti akhale ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mizati ndi chimango cha mpanda, mutatha kuzikhazikitsa, mutha kuyamba kulimbitsa gululi. Konkriti itakhazikika, zokowera zopaka matumbazo zimamangiriridwa kapena kuwotchera (ngati mzati ndi wachitsulo) kuzikatizo. Zopanga, ndodo, misomali, waya - chilichonse chomwe chimapinda mbedza ndichabwino ngati chida cha zomangirira. Timawongolera mpukutuwo ndi gululi ndikuyika pakona pomwepo, ndikupachika gululi pazoko.
Kuti muwonetsetse kusasunthika bwino komanso kulimba kwapangidwe, khazikani ndodo kapena waya wokuyimira mumizere yoyamba ya maselo, kuphatikiza ndodoyo kumtengo wamatabwa kapena waya. Mauna okhazikika mwanjira imeneyi sadzakhazikika kapena sag, monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri popanda zomatira
Kenako mpukutuwo sukuyenda bwino mpaka utali, kupita ku chipilala chotsatira. Kupitilira pang'ono kuposa malo omwe gululi limalumikizana ndi mzati, timakulunga ndodoyo chimodzimodzi. Tigwiritsitsa ndodo ndi kutchera ukonde, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito ndodoyo ndi kukoka nayo pamanja, mutha kukweza gululi mosasiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kuchita izi limodzi - m'modzi m'mphepete, wina kumtunda.
Kuphatikiza tsopano kumakulungidwa molunjika mtunda wa masentimita 5 mbali zonse, pamwambapa ndi pansipa. Zingwe zopingasa ndizowotchera kapena kumangirira nazo mitengo. Mukakoka ukondewo popanda ndodo, zimayenda pakapita nthawi, ndodo zake zimakhalabe zolimba.
Mpanda wazida wopangidwa ndi waya wolumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yolimbitsa mbali zokulira ndi zam'munsi. Mpanda woterewu ndi mpangidwe wamphamvu
Momwemonso, timapitirira patsogolo - timatambuza mauna, kukonza, kukonza waya kapena ndodo, kukhazikika kapena weld.
Mpandawo uli pafupi kukonzeka, tsopano muyenera kupindika zibowo pamitengo ndikujambulapo nsanamira. Kukanda waya "tinyanga" ndikwabwino kukana kuti wina asavulazidwe. Ndikofunikira kupyola waya kudzera pamizere yapamwamba ya maselo ndikukulunga m'mphepete mozungulira.
Apa "antennae" waweramitsidwa ndodo, zinthu zitha kupukutidwa pa mpanda wotere, palibe chiopsezo chovulala
“Tinyanga” ya maselo apamwamba iyenera kugwada kuti ipewe kuvulala mwangozi. Mu chithunzi ichi akunga pang'ono - pali chiopsezo chovulala kapena chovalacho
Ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yolimbitsa ndi konkriti, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yotchulidwa muvidiyoyi:
Njira # 2 - kukonza mpanda kuchokera kumagawo
Kuti mupange mpanda wamtunduwu mumafunikira magawo pomwe adzaikemo mauna. Poyamba, zofanana ndi chipangizo cha mpanda wamkangano, kulemba chizindikiro kumapangidwa ndipo mitengo ikukhazikitsidwa.
Chiwembuchi chitha kutengedwa ngati maziko pofufuza kuchuluka kwa miyeso yamtsogolo (dinani kuti mufutukule)
Ndikofunika kugula ngodya yoyezera 40/5 mm kuti ipange chimango. Kutalika kwa chimango kumatsimikizika motere: kuchokera patali pakati pa zolemba zomwe timachotsa pafupifupi 10-15 masentimita - kutalika kwake. Chotsani zomwezo kuchokera kutalika kwa mzati pamwamba pa mulingo wa dothi - zomwe zikuyenerani ndi mulifupi mwake. Makona amawotchera m'makona. Mutha kupanga kukula kwa magawo malinga ndi kukula kwa mauna (1.5-2 m), mutha kumasula mpukutuwo, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, muchepetse kukula kwa mauna kupita pa grinder yomwe mukufuna.
Kenako zingwe zachitsulo zimaphatikizidwa mozungulira kupita kumapeto (kutalika kwa 15-25 cm, m'lifupi 5 cm, gawo la 5 mm). M'mphepete mwa mzati, muyenera kubwereranso masentimita 20, kukhazikitsa gawo pakati pazipilala ziwiri, ndikugwiritsira ntchito kuwotcherera, kulumikiza ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Tsopano zikungopangika utoto watsopano.
Zingwe zokhala ndi mtanda wa 4 mm zimakulungidwa kudutsa ma khoma kuchokera mbali zinayi, choyamba pamzere wambiri, kenako kuchokera pamwamba ndi pansi, mauna amayenera kukokedwa bwino ndipo timitengo tokulungidwa kumakona a gawo. (Ndodozo ndizowotchera kumakona oyima). Likukhalira gawo kuchokera pakona ndi maukono opukutira mpaka ndodo kuchokera mkati
Pa gawo lopendekera, sizingatheke kupanga mpanda wa mavuto; momwe zingakhalire, mauna sangakoke. Ngati gawo lopendekera, mutha kupanga mpanda wa magawo, kukhazikitsa mbali zonse ziwiri za zipilalazo m'mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi dothi.
Mwini aliyense amadziwa bwino kuwotcherera amatha kupanga mpanda kuchokera pa gululi yolumikizira ulalo. Monga lamulo, anthu 2-3 amalimbana ndi ntchito munthawi yochepa. Pitani!
